CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter present the research methodology used in this study. It

comprises research design, population, sampling and sample, research

instrument, technique of collecting data, technique of data analysis.

A. Research Design

To get fact of research, the researcher designs their research. Here,

research design was used to arrange the setting of the research to get the

valid data. According to Ary (2010:43), “Selecting and formulate a

problem is one of the most important aspects of doing research in any

field. There is no way to do research until a problem is recognized”.

To know the correlation between students’ habit in English

conversation and their speech ability at tenth grade of MA Darul

Hikmah Tulungagung the researcher used “Correlative Research

Analysis” with quantitative approach. Fraenkel and wallen (1996:309),

Correlation research describes an existing relationship between

variables. Correlation is a bivariate analysis that measures the strength

of association between two variables (pearson,kendall,spearman).

The researcher wanted to describe the significant correlation

between students’ habit in English conversation and their speech ability

at tenth graders of MA Darul Hikmah Tulungagung, the researcher used

correlation research in order to get data.

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B. Population, Sampling, and Sample

1. Population

Population is defined as all elements, individuals, or units

that meet the selection criteria for a group to be studied. According

Suharmini Arikunto (2007), he said that population as the all object

or subject that becomes the area of the research. In this research, the

researcher took the population of tenth graders students’ at MA

Darul Hikmah Tulungagung. The populations of tenth grade

students of MA Darul Hikmah Tulungagung are 150 students,

consist of 4 classes.

2. Sampling

Sampling is the process that used to selecting the sample.

Fraenkel, et al (2012: 91) said that sampling was the selection of the

sample of individuals who will participate (be observed or

questioned). It purposes to get information about a population.

Sampling is very important way to obtain a group of a subject who

will be representative of the large population or will give specific

information needed.

According to Sugiono (2014: 119), technique of sampling

was divided into two group, they are Probability Sampling and Non-

Probability Sampling. Both of them each were still elaborated into

some other kinds of sampling. Probability Sampling involves simple

random sampling, stratified random sampling and cluster sampling.

Non-Probability sampling involves systematic sampling, quota

sampling, and indicated sampling, purposive sampling, saturated

sampling, and snowball sampling.

In this research would be use Cluster Random Sampling

which belonged to probability sampling. It means the researcher

choose a group that exists in the population at random. The

populations of tenth grade students of MA Darul Hikmah

Tulungagung are 150 students, consist of 4 classes and researcher

decides 1 class as sample. The researcher gives number 1 until 4 in

the papers suitable a total of classes and cluster random sampling is

done by lottery. The researcher used the cluster random sampling

because the group in the population had the homogenous

characteristic.

3. Sample

Selected of the sample is very important step in conducting

a research study. Sample is part of a population. Sample was a small

portion of population. According to Lodico, et al (2006: 143), “A

sample is a smaller group selected from a large population (in this

case, a realistic population) that is representative of the large

population”. It means that sample was a representative part of

population that taken to represent the research.

The aimed of doing sample is to give illustrate about

population which inspected. Sugiyono (2008) give explanation that

sample is a part of amount or characteristic which having by

population. The number of sample for this research would

automatically be less than the population. The researcher

investigated the tenth students only. The researcher chooses 35

students from X A IPA class picked as the sample who were widely

spread from the 4 classes of tenth grade students.

C. Variable

Every research question must have a clear variable in order to give

a data sketch and what kind of information needed. The variable in this

study are students’ habit in English conversation and their speech

ability. Both of them are independent variables because those are

connected indirectly or it can be called them as systematical associative

correlation.

D. Data and Data Source

1. Data

Data is important factor in a research. It is needed by researcher to

solve problem in his/her investigation. Data is some information about

the research object that is gotten is research field (Bingis, 2008:119). It

means that data is all information needed by researcher to find the

answer of the research problems. Data come from the habit in English

conversation related from questionnaire and speech ability score.

In short, to support needed data, in this study researcher needed to

get data deal with the frequency of habit in English conversation of MA

Darul Hikmah Tulungagung and about their speech ability.

2. Data Source

Data source is the subject of research from where the data

can be obtained. Arikunto, (2010:172) say that the data source can

be classified into three source which are person, place, and paper.

Bungin (2008:122) state that the primary data is data which are

collected directly from the first data source in the field or research

object.

In this research, the quantities data are taken from the result

of the test. It means that data source of this research were the tenth

graders of students MA Darul Hikmah Tulungagung.

E. Research Instrument

In this research, instrument very important in order to measure the

involved variable. According to Sugiyono (2014: 148), research

instrument was defined as tool (s) to measure the nature or social

phenomena being observe. Research instrument had purpose for getting

the data to prove the theory.

In this case, the researcher uses questionnaires and documentation

score. While the instrument were questionnaires sheet and the

documentation score list of value students’ speech ability from the

teacher.
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1. Questionnaires

In this research, the researcher use the questionnaires to the

students aimed to know their conversation habit score.

Questionnaire is a list of questions that is given to the subject of a

research that usually forms in written. According to Arikunto

(2010:195) said that there are two kind of questionnaire based on the

way in answering that are opened questionnaire and closed

questionnaire in which opened questionnaire gives opportunities to

the respondents to answer the questions using their own words, but

closed questionnaire serves the answer, thus the respondent just need

to choose one of the available option. Researcher used closed

questionnaire in which the questions in the questionnaire were

written in Bahasa Indonesia. It is make students easier to answer the

questions. Each questions consist of 4 (four) options of the answer:

selalu, sering, kadang-kadang, tidak pernah. In this research, there

are 20 questionnaires in the form of multiple choices. All questions

would present their habit in English conversation.

The questionnaire using Likert Scale. Likert’s scale is used

four item to measure attitude, opinion, perception based on the

certain object or phenomena. The indicators of the questionnaire as

follows:

a. Score 5 for item A = Always (Selalu)

b. Score 4 for item B = Often (Sering)

c. Score 3 for item C = Sometimes (Kadang-kadang)

d. Score 2 for item D = Never (Tidak pernah)

Based on the standard above, the highest score is 100 and

lowest score is 40. The students were given a questionnaire on

January, 19th 2017, in which the researcher came to class to give the

questionnaire.

2. Documentation of value test

Besides the questionnaire in getting the data of students’

conversation habit, the researcher also used documentation of value

test, but the test is taken from speech test by the teacher. The

documentation of value test here was used to get the data of students’

speech ability. A test is a set of stimuli presented to an individual in

order to elicit despondences on basic of which a numerical score can

be assigned (Ary, 2002: 216). While Arikunto (2006: 150) states that

test is a series of question, exercise or other means which is to

measure the skills, intelligent of knowledge, ability or talent of an

individual or a group of people.

Based on the explanation above, the researcher concluded

that test is a method of data collection to measure their ability in

speech order to be analyzed. Here, the researcher used score test of

speech practice as a data of students speech ability. In order words,

it is used to measure someone ability in mastering certain knowledge

after having learning course.

F. Technique of Data Collecting

The purpose of this research is to measure the correlation between

conversation habit in English and speech ability. In this case, the

researcher used statistic method. Therefore, in this research used

correlative research to analyze the data. Statistical techniques for

determining relationship between pairs of score known as correlative

procedures (Ary, 2002:143).

In this research, all data are gained from the result of the

questionnaire and documentation score are in the form of number. The

techniques used in collecting data include non test the form of

conversation habit questionnaires and speech documentation that used

to measure speech ability score of the students’ of tenth graders of MA

Darul Hikmah Tulungagung..

G. Technique of Data Analysis

In this research, the researcher used statistical method as a technique

to analyze the data, because this research has purpose to measure the

correlation between students’ habit in English conversation and their

speech ability. Data analysis was useful activity and need accurately.

Data analysis was technique to analyze the data. All data were gain from

the result of documentation and questionnaires in the form of number.

In this research, researcher applied Bivariate Correlation Analysis by

using Spearman Rank SPSS. The reason is the data obtained from the

two variables (questionnaire of English conversation habit and speech

documentation) were expressed in term of quantitative scores and the

data belong to non parametric.

The tabulating the questionnaire and the ability from score of each

variable can classification into some level:

a. 90-100 = Very Good

b. 80-89 = Good

c. 70-79 = Fair

d. 50-69 = Low

e. 0-49 = Very low

In this case, the researcher used SPSS to get the data of correlation

coefficient value (r) of the two variables. The researcher would give

simple interpretation of the index correlation number. The correlation

tested at the interpretation below:

Interpretation Table of the Value r according Arikunto (2010:319)

The value of “r” Interpretation

Between 0,80 up to 1,0 High

Between 0,60 up to 0,79 Fair

Between 0,40 up to 0,59 A bit low

Between 0,20 up to 0,39 Low

Between 0,000 up to 0,19 Very low (there is no

correlation)
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