Scribd
Upload
2 views3 pages

Statistical

The document presents an assignment on statistical mechanics, specifically deriving expressions for the distribution functions of bosons and fermions. For bosons, the distribution function is derived considering that multiple particles can occupy the same state, leading to the formula f(Ꜫ) = (1/(e^(Ꜫ−µ)/(KT) - 1). In contrast, for fermions, which obey the Pauli exclusion principle, the distribution function is f(Ꜫ) = (1/(e^(Ꜫ−µ)/(KT) + 1), reflecting that only one particle can occupy each state.

Uploaded by

2023bs145
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views3 pages

Statistical

The document presents an assignment on statistical mechanics, specifically deriving expressions for the distribution functions of bosons and fermions. For bosons, the distribution function is derived considering that multiple particles can occupy the same state, leading to the formula f(Ꜫ) = (1/(e^(Ꜫ−µ)/(KT) - 1). In contrast, for fermions, which obey the Pauli exclusion principle, the distribution function is f(Ꜫ) = (1/(e^(Ꜫ−µ)/(KT) + 1), reflecting that only one particle can occupy each state.

Uploaded by

2023bs145
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MBARARA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
STATISTICAL MECHANICS
PHY3202
ASSIGNMENT 2

NAME: TWALA ESAU


Reg No. 2022/BS/067
Course Organizer: Dr. Cosmos M Dumba
QUESTION
Derive an expression for the distribution of;
i) Bosons
ii) Fermions

i) Distribution function for bosons


Consider the probability of occupation by n particles of a single state
Energy of a single state is given by;
E(s)=Ꜫ
1 −n(Ꜫ−µ)
P(n)=Z e KT

Since bosons do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle, then there are no restrictions on how
many particles may occupy each state function
The grand partition function is given by;
−(E(𝑛)−µ)
Z=∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑒 𝐾𝑇

−(Ꜫ−µ) −2(Ꜫ−µ) −3(Ꜫ−µ)


= 1+ 𝑒 𝐾𝑇 +𝑒 𝐾𝑇 +𝑒 𝐾𝑇 +…
−(Ꜫ−µ) −(Ꜫ−µ) −(Ꜫ−µ)
=1+𝑒 𝐾𝑇 + (𝑒 𝐾𝑇 )2+ (𝑒 𝐾𝑇 )3 + …

The average number of particles occupying each state is given as;


𝐾𝑇 𝜕𝑍
f(Ꜫ)= 𝑍 𝜕µ

1
for Z= −Ꜫ−µ
1−𝑒 𝐾𝑇
𝐾𝑇 𝜕 1
f(Ꜫ)= 𝑍 ( −Ꜫ−µ )
𝜕µ
1−𝑒 𝐾𝑇
−Ꜫ−µ
−𝐾𝑇 1 2 𝑒 𝐾𝑇
= ( −Ꜫ−µ )
𝑍 𝐾𝑇
1−𝑒 𝐾𝑇

−Ꜫ−µ 1 −Ꜫ−µ
=(1 − 𝑒 𝐾𝑇 )( −Ꜫ−µ )2 𝑒 𝐾𝑇
1−𝑒 𝐾𝑇
−Ꜫ−µ
𝑒 𝐾𝑇
= −Ꜫ−µ
1−𝑒 𝐾𝑇
1
f(Ꜫ)= −Ꜫ−µ
𝑒 𝐾𝑇 −1

This is the expression for the distribution function of bosons.

ii) Distribution function of fermions


Consider the probability of occupation by n particles of a single state
Energy of a single state is given by;
E(s)=Ꜫ
1 −n(Ꜫ−µ)
P(n)=Z e KT

Since fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle, only one fermion may occupy each state.
That means that the number of particles that occupy a single state for fermions, n, is only 0 or
1. If a state is not occupied;
E(s)=0
So, the grand partition function is given by;
−(E(𝑛)−µ)
Z=∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑒 𝐾𝑇

−(Ꜫ−µ)
=𝑒 0 + 𝑒 𝐾𝑇

−(Ꜫ−µ)
=1+ 𝑒 𝐾𝑇

The average number of particles occupying each state f(Ꜫ) is defined as the occupancy state
f(Ꜫ)=∑𝑛 𝑛𝑃(𝑛)
=0*P (0) + 1*P (1)
−(Ꜫ−µ)
𝑒0 𝑒 𝐾𝑇
=0* −(Ꜫ−µ) +1* −(Ꜫ−µ)
1+ 𝑒 𝐾𝑇 1+ 𝑒 𝐾𝑇
−(Ꜫ−µ)
𝑒 𝐾𝑇
= −(Ꜫ−µ)
1+ 𝑒 𝐾𝑇
1
f(Ꜫ) = (Ꜫ−µ)
𝑒 𝐾𝑇 +1

This is the expression for the distribution function of fermions.

You might also like