3.
The Command Line
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qdkvdkY&r,fh Command Line udk toHk;jyKvdkygu Kali Linux wifjyD;wJhtwdkif;
xm;&Sd&if vuf0Jbuf (b,f) rSm axmifvdkuftaeeJY Menu bar wef;uav;
&Sdaewmudk awGY&ygr,f/ Windows rSmqdk&ifawmh 'gudk Task Bar vdkY ac:ygw,f/
Linux rSmawmh olYudk Dash to Dock vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ tJonfuaevnf;
oGm;a&muf zGifhMunfhEdkifygw,f/
icon uawmh txufyg yHktwdkif; jzpfygw,f/ vkyfaqmifp&m
tawmfrsm;rsm;udk GUI taeeJY vkyfaqmifvdkY &aeayr,fh Terminal udk
toHk;jyKjcif;udk uRrf;usifydkifEdkifzdkYvnf; vdktyfvSygao;w,f/ Linux toHk;jyKrI
uRrf;usifvmwJhtcg Terminal &JU ta&;ygrIawGudk ydkrdk em;vnfvmygvdrfhr,f/
Terminal udk zGifhMunfhwJhtcg txufyg yHktwdkif; jrifawGY&ygr,f/
txufyg yHkrSm Munfhr,fqdk&ifawmh root@kali vdkY awGY&rSmjzpfygw,f/ olU&JU
yHkpHu account@host-name jzpfwmrdkY a&SUrSmawGY&wJh root onf vuf&Sd
0ifa&mufaewJh Acc udk azmfjyygw,f/ @ aemufu kali uawmh Kali Linux udk
wifwJhtcgwkef;u host name ae&mrSm xnfhcJhwJhtwdkif; ay:jcif;jzpfjyD; setting
uae jyefvnf ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKvdkYvnf; &ygw,f/ aemufrSm ygwJh # oauFw
uawmh vuf&Sd toHk;jyKaewJh terminal onf root terminal jzpfvdkY jzpfygw,f/
root account ur[kwfbJ tjcm; user account uae 0ifa&muf toHk;jyK&ifawmh #
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uRefawmfwdkY taeeJY Terminal vnf; odjyD/ root Vs other account awG
&JU terminal oauFw rwlnDwmvnf; odjyD? pmtkyfxJrSm (root@kali) vdkY awGY&if
'gawGu &dkufxnfhp&mrvdkbl; &SdjyD;om;qdkwmvnf; em;vnfjyDqdk&ifawmh 'Dwpfcg
Terminal Commands awGtaMumif; tenf;i,f qufvuf
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Terminal command awGxJrS toHk;rsm;wJh a,bk,s command awGudk
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cd command udk directory awGxJudk 0ifa&mufzdkY oHk;ygw,f/ linux
roHk;zl;olawGtwGuf tvG,fqHk; em;vnfatmif ajym&&if folder awGxJudk
0ifa&mufEdkifzdkYtwGuf toHk;jyKygw,f/ Oyrm- cd Downloads vdkY
&dkufxnfhvdkuf&if Downloads qdkwJh directory (folder) xJudk 0ifa&mufwm
jzpfygw,f/ wpfck owdxm;zdkYu Linux rSm Windows vdk pmvHk;tBuD;tao;
tqifajyovdk &dkufvdkY r&ygbl;/ Upper (or) Lower (pmvHk;tBuD;tao;)
rSefuefatmif &dkuf&ygw,f/
cd udk prf;oyfMunfhEdkifzdkYtwGuf terminal udkzGifhvdkuf&atmif/ jyD;&if
vuf&Sd a&muf&SdaewJh Directory xJrSm bmawG&SdvJqdkwmudk odEdkifzdkY ls (LS
tao;csnf;) &dkufxnfhjyD; enter vdkufyg/
txufyg yHkuawmh uRsefawmfh&JU root accc, Home directory xJrSm
&SdaewJh zdkifawG directory awGyg/ directory awGudk tjyma&mifeJY azmfjyygw,f/
tjcm;aom zdkifawGudkvnf; ta&mifcGJjcm; azmfjyxm;wm jrifawGY&rSmyg/
tjyma&mifeJY azmfjyxm;wJh directory awGudk Munfhr,fqdk&if vuf&Sd Home
directory xJrSm yg0ifwJh directory awGudk od&SdEdkifygw,f/ (folder xJrSm&SdwJh folder
awGaygh)
ck Desktop qdkwJh directory xJudk 0ifMunfh&atmif/
txufygtwdkif; 0ifMunfhvdkufwJhtcg bash: cd: desktop: No such file
or directory qdkjyD; jyvmwmudk awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/ taMumif;uawmh uRefawmf
&dkufxnfhvdkufwJh cd desktop rSm d u pmvHk; tao; jzpfaevdkYyg/ tay:yHkrSm
jyefMunfh&if Desktop rSm D udk tBuD;pmvHk;eJY a&;xm;wmudk awGYjrif&ygr,f/
pmvHk;tBuD;eJY jyefajymif;a&;Munfh&atmif/
ckqdk&ifawmh uRefawmfwdkY Desktop udk 0ifa&mufEdkifjyDjzpfygw,f/
Desktop ay:rSm zdkifawG&Sdygu MunfhEdkifzdkYtwGuf file list azmfwJh ls comand
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uRefawmfh&JU Desktop ay:rSmawmh folder wpfckom &SdvdkY wpfckom
jyay;wmyg/ bmrS r&Sd&ifawmh bmudkrSs jyay;rSmr[kwfyg/
Desktop ay:rSm &Sdaewkef; New Folder wnfaqmufyHkudk qufvuf
avhvm&atmif/ folder ukd directory vdkY ac:w,fqdkwm ajymjyjyD;jyDaemf/ 'Dawmh
folder topf jyKvkyfr,fqdkawmh make folder (make directory) aygh/
tJonftwGuf command u mkdir yg/ mkdir directory-name aygh/ Oyrm-
vuf&Sd dir xJrSm test qdkwJhemrnfeJY dir wpfck zefwD;vdkwJhtcg mkdir test qdkjyD;
&dkufxnfh&rSmyg/
txufygtwdkif; &dkufxnfhjyD;ygu ls eJY list jyefazmfMunfh&if test qdkwJh
directory wpfck xyfwdk;aewmudk jrif&ygr,f/
txufyg yHkrSm test qdkwJh dir wpfck xyfwdk;vmwmudk awGY&rSmyg/ cd udk
oHk;jyD; xyf0ifvdkuf&atmif/ cd test eJY 0ifa&mufvdkufwJhtcg test folder xJudk
0ifa&mufjyD; jzpfwm awGY&ygr,f/
'Dcgawmh space jcm;wJh emrnfeJY folder wpfckudk zefwD;Munfh&atmif/
test two qdkwJhemrnfeJY folder wpfckudk wnfaqmufMunfhMupdkY/
txufyg yHkt& Desktop ay:u test directory xJrSm test two qdkwJh
emrnfeJY folder wpfck wnfaqmufwmjzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ckcsdefrSm Desktop
ay:rSm&SdwJh test folder udk zGifhMunfhr,fqdk&ifawmh
uRefawmfwdkY awGY&rSmu test eJY two qdkwJh folder ESpfck jzpfaewmyg/
vdkcsifwmu test two qdkwJh folder wpfckwnf;// &vmwmu ESpfck/
bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh name rSm ygaewJh space aMumifhygyJ/ command line rSm
space jcm;vdkufwmeJY oD;jcm;wpfcktjzpf owfrSwfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh command
line awGrSm toHk;jyK&r,fh linux file awGrSm space rjcm;bJ emrnfay;xm;jcif;yg/