Triangles 409

Now, AABC~ DEF

AB BC 2BP BP
DE EF 2EQ EQ
AB BP
DE EQ and ZB = ZE [:AABC ~ ADEF]
AAPB ~ ADQE .by SAS-similarity|
AB AP
DE DQ
AB? AP?
DE? DQ² ...(ii)
From (i)and (ii),we get
ar(AABC) AP?
ar (ADEF) DQ?
THEOREM 5 Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the
ratio of the squares of their corresponding angle-bisector segments.
GIVEN AABCADEFin which AX and DY are the bisectorsof ZAand D
respectively.
ar (AABC) AX?
TOPROVE
ar (ADEF) DY?
PROOF We know that ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to
ratio of the squares of their corresponding sides.
ar (AABC) AB?
ar (ADEF) DE? ... (1)
D

AABC ADEF
LA=D
cA=D
ZBAX =ZEDY. X E F

Now, in AABX and ADEY, we have

ZBAX = ZEDY and B= ZE : AABC~ ADEF].
AABX ~ ADEY [by AA-similarity]
AB AX
DE DY
AB? AX? ... (ii)
DE DY?
From (i) and (ii), we get
ar (AABC) AX?.
ar (ADEF) DY?
 SOLUTION SOLUTION EXAMPLE 2 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 1 410
EXAMPLE 3

equal We 25areasThe And and (given)

STQR Hence,
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QR7 ar(APQR) know cm´ AABC
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ar(AABC)
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areas triangles AA-similarity]. the are
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angles] Class
two AABC the
corresponding cm, sides
similar ratio 10
find and is
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triangles APQR
(CBSE [CBSE
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sides. find
2006]
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 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 5 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 4

medians. is We AABC
arrespectively.
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BC=7cm. ’
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know the altitude areas
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AL_ ar to AL
respectively and the the of
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triangles
the AP =3.5 of are cm
squares thatar first ofareas AABC AABC
areas = their is 81 =7
- triangle triangle cm. = 4.5
15.4 of 49 cm cm.
of (AABC) are corresponding
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is is similar ADEF ADEF 49
[: similar 15. 4 cm 3.5 th e cm'
= AL
AP corresponding of 121 cm.
cm, and
respectively. andcorresponding
triangles such respectively.
[CBSE
2002]
= AABC cm[CBSE
2019]
15.4 triangles find 64 DM
that 411
cm] and and cm be
the is
 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 7 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 6 412

Hence, From But, segments.

bisectorequal
Since AX: two and XYIn the DQ= ’
We AABC Hence,
ABXB
AB /2AXAB-2’ XB? AB? (AXBY) ar(AABC)
ar ar (AXBY AXBY
ar ~ZA
ar AABC areas cm,5.2 D
AX_(V2-1) , (i) (AABC) parts it is the ar(ADEF) ar(AABC)
ar know
respectively. Secondary
AX: = (AABC) XY|| AB parallelgiven (AABC): to
and =ZBXY =divides ~ the
/2(AB-
= (R =2
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×
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=2. =2 we to the 11
we ar School
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get ar cm
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2(XB) =BYX Prove squares of 6.5 andAX =(1.4
2.(2-2) of = the cmmedian
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 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 9 SOLUTION
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intersects GIVEN
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SOLUTION
(AAOB)
(ACOD) ar ar and of a ar(AABC) figure,
that base
trapezium areas the
trapezium DOAO ar
= ZDOM = AALO (ADBC) and
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and find B
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10 11
EXAMPLE SOLUTION EXAMPLE SOLUTION
414
 Triangles 415

and DF =BE =BC.

Also, ECFD is a
> EDF = C.
parallelogram
Now, in ADEF and ACAB, we have
ZEFD =ZB
and EDF= C.
ADEF~ ACAB [by AA-similarity].
ar (ADEF) ar (ADEF) DE2
And so, ar (AABC) -1.
ar(ACAB) BC? BC² 4

EXAMPLE 12 Prove that the area of an equilateral triangle described on one side of
asquare is equal to half the areaof an equilateral triangle described
on one of its diagonals. (CBSE 2016, '18, '19]
SOLUTION GIVEN A square ABCD and equilateral A BCE and ACF have

been described on side BC and diagonal AC respectively.

1
TO PROVE ar(ABCE)=ar(AACE).
PROOF Since each of F
the ABCE and AACF is
an equilateral triangle, D

so each angle of each

One of them is 60°. E

So, the triangles are

equiangular, and hence A B
similar.
ABCE AACF.
We know that the ratio of the areas of twO similar triangles is
equalto the ratio of the squares of their corresponding sides.
ar (ABCE) BC2 BC?
[ AC = /2 BC]
ar (AACF) AC? 2(BC)

Hence, ar (ABCE)= X ar(AACF).

 SOLUTION
EXAMPLE SOLUTION EXAMPLE 13 416

14
and In Then, Let ADBE. thepoint Such If each Each PROOF
D
Hence,
the But, TOand GIVEN triangle Prove a
(AABC)
ar AABC
ar AABC AB AD ratio ratio PROVE right-angled
ar ZACB ZCAB onthat is (ACAE) (AABD) ar ar CA=r'+x=x/2 e
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triangles.
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cm=5x E
AABC corresponding being (ACAE).
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is
and similar half for
a = triangle
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425 cm.
B triangles X
and area
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X
D B AB of
sides.
each = the
is BC. (CBSE
2016) on
equal angle equilateral
AABD a
side
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spectively. The AABC~
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he smallerthe
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the AABC~
altitude areas of 4.5
= 15.4 =
orresponding longest ~
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similar
two of ADEF ADEE
of similar two find find ADFE
ACFB ZDEF
~ BCDE ZAED ZADE AADE
AADE~ AD= DBthe
Find side ar(ADFE):
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cm´ the 12 cm
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ar(AADE) ar(AADC) arABAC~
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ar (AABC) ar ~ ar ar(AAPQ) 1
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and (AABC).
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 PROOF GIVEN THEOREM 1 PROOF
TO CONSTRUCTION PROVETOGIVEN
PROVE
A Hence, From But, A
From From Now, So, In ’ AABC
Hence, From (AB AABC ADEF,
by 90°. =
B
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DE DE' Draw in
(i)
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AABC, a =
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that IMPORTANT we which
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AB
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 PROOF GIVEN
TO THEOREM 3 PROOF PROVETO
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THEOREM 2
PROVE
A A
Adding In In AABC Hence, From In In In
’
Hence, Thus,
right right ZA AADB, ABAC, AD'AABC
right-angled A.
at In AADC, Given
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(BD BC' (AB
BD AB² BC?=
AB²+AC?
AABC (AB (i) AADC, AADB, in AD² 2AD' = in
= = = = BD Secondary
+ which =
+ + = and ZADC=
+ ZADB ZÀ which AABC a
AC) AD²+
and Pythagoras'
theorem][by AD'+ CD' =+2BD· 2AD'
CD) + AD² AD'
Pythagoras'
theorem].
[by CD.
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(ii), ZADB +
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+ =
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BD'+ BC CD. BD'2AD²+
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that BD
BD+CD?
at CD.
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2013,
'19]
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AB+ + AC' ZABC
of =90°. ZABC> triangle,
projection + + ZABC
+ + + + ZABC squares BC- BD)
+ (BC- CD2
BC 90°. BD, 90°
the
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BC'+ BD') BC'+ (BC CD' 90°. BD. that BC'-2BC· 2BC· =
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2019]
the + the acute D A
BD] stated theorem] Prove
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 EXAMPLE 1 Note PROOF GIVEN THEOREM 6 424
SOLUTION CONSTRUCTION TO
PROVE
In A
bisectssquare This
"In Adding In Thus,
any
theorem AADC, AALD,(AB+AC) AABC In
squares
largest
side.
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triangle,
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+ =AD' AD'+ ALL
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the cm, cm, triangles third + ZADB and 90°. AD (AB?
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cm²= c is must
cm² right-angled, + twice any prove
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right-angled.=11 c= 1)cm, 9 = BD'). Class
= 17 cmDetermine the two 2(AD²+ B
(81 cm. (64 cm. be that
11 square sides ..
produced). 10
+ + equal cm,
36) Then, 225) Then, is (ii)
6
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cm²= cm "
the sum median [CBSE
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17 of to CD=
289 square them twice
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cm or the are the
 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 3 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 2

m.is7 Let from Hence, A From Starting from man A (iii)

By building. C,
as
ience, Pythagoras ladder
CB' ABAB ground.
Findthe AC' AB the Hence, LetpHence, .: and
AC AC' AC right shown goes
the = be the = = =15 from
starting (p² (p'+q) (a+ c'
= = = = 25 /289 289 mn
= = = =
/ AB'+
24the (225
{(15)+ =AB' 15 the tq') (2a- the
distance of (625-
49 CB- mman (8)}m?AABC, m, in
A, b)(11)
building
m, m
m theorem, CB long + BC2 + BC=8 the letpoint? due given given #c?.
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=7576) AB² AC?
= 17 = wefigure. the . (2a- cm, Triangles
just m 17 m? westtriangle + triangle
m. m' = 25 the have man q
m. m 1)'
1)' +1 =2/2a 121
the[(25)-(24)] reaches away
mand distance and Then, and
= weand cm' -4a) cm' cm?.
foot 49 CB go
have from ZABC= then 8 is
of m ZCAB be from right-angled. is = + + cm not
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the the
ofthe
the top the W A m and
cm' right-angled.
8
ladder m =
ladder.
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starting
of B =cm? =
90. B (4a'
C of a and north.
How (2a
building
the
from 25m + +
then 4a 1)
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from far cn Then,
building m
A B B heis 425
24m
the high A to
 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 5 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 4 426

In Draw distance
Let plane Two Width ’ right
’ From CD'-AD?
’
AC= ’ and Then, Let Find is on A
beE
From Clearly,
right
turned oneladder
BD' DE CE AB CB CB= CE' AC CD' CD the ABthe Secondary
School
BE|| AB ground. poles
of right CD be side
ABED, = = =6 andbetween = LCAD=90", 15
the
=[(15)-12)] /81 = /144 = = = CE= and given the width to
= = = AB of CBACBE,
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(144 {(12) BE' CD-CE AC. m, CD heights
street CE?- street of a
= If + 15
= windows CE otherstreet. long
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Then, CD betheir the m mPythagoras the
m, =9 BE? BE' =12 (9)] AD' we m. are reaches
+ have: =11
(5)} DE = the distance 6 = m.
and street. side
KeepingMathematics
m² BE 11 tops. metresAC+CB [by ZCBE the
given m. m' have let of
= m m' tw o such a
= m? m
AC= Pythagoras' Cbe th e window
169 -6 and between = 90°
vertical and = (225 (225-81) theorem]
m² m positions that the street its
foot
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6
= 11 -144) AD foot to which
at
m B m. m. theirmetres m 9 m
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poles. D
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the mthe same
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is =81 ladder. ladder. windowladder above
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metres,
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m C
Let 12 the
15 m 12 mground
find mand D high
D on
6m E 5 12 m
m the a
 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 7

SOLUTION EXAMPLE 6
whole
hypotenuse
thenthe
ofIfa know
that:We Prove
that: From right a WeLetThen,whose Let the Ina Hence,
O (i) AABD Hence,
the rhombus
AABC~ADAC
ADAC.
ADBA ~ ADBA
the
AABC ~ perpendicular AB' BD OBx'= OB' AB' OA know AC= ABCD length
rhombus BD
triangle right 1s right angles. AB
= the = diagonals the
perpendicular a 2XOB = 64 = = = =SAC 12 = of 169 =
BC" right length cm. 8{(10)- AB'- AAOB, 1 that be distance
angle ’x=/64 OA bisect cm 10 the of
BD cm. the
and triangle + = the and second side m
OA? OB? intersectgiven =
of is of =2 (6)} each 10
also the X8
we cm, 6 diagonals BD between Triangles
13
trianglesondrawna (ii) have diagonal. cm, m.
toare right in
second cm cm'== OB other = rhombus
AC' which 8. 2x one
each = = cm. at
similar triangle from = BD 2 O. of the
16 (100 at of
other. BC· diagonal
ZA the tops
sides
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=
to vertex DC 36) x D of
to 90° = cm,
cm² the
the the and is and
16 = A ispoles
(ii) 12
AC cm. 64 AOB
A D AD'= I cm? \6 cm o cm =
cm
10
cm X long. 13
BD.
BD
= m.
90. Find 427
CD
 SOLUTION
EXAMPLE SOLUTION SOLUTION EXAMPLE 11
EXAMPLE 430

13 12
Now, angled AABC
atC AABC Hence, ’ ’ PROOF TO GIVEN In GIVEN
PROVETO
PROOF (4AD'-3AB).
PROVE (4AD-3AB).
anHence,
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= is (BD-CD)
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[by right and AABC,
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in School
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right 90°
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at AC] D
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= midpoint
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[Link]
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2016)
of
BC.
 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 15
SOLUTION EXAMPLE 14

(ii) (i) AABC

BC Hence, C=90° ’ ’ Now, ’ In thatAABC
haveWe
(i) cp = AABC,
Hence, Hence,
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= AABC =2AC?.AB' AB²
ar = a,
by
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= (AABC) ab CAisAABC
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1 ab. triangle right a BC2 AC? AC'
ab C =c triangle.
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prove BC.
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B
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 SOLUTION SOLUTION EXAMPLE 16 432
EXAMPLE

17
and PROOF GIVEN side In
and In
Draw Then, Let (i) InHence, ’ ’ From TO
(i) AADB an PROVE an
AADBAADC.
From DC= BD
= ZADB AB AABC altitude 4AB' AB² AB is Secondary
altitude
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right BD AADC
AADB ADB equilateral
equal
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= LADC AC an /3 = 4AD+ (given),
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 SOLUTION
EXAMPLE 18

Prove
that: OF (ii)
(1) (1) (ii) (i) O
AF OA²+ L is Area
andSimilarly,
havewe ..namelyUsing Hence, Adding namelyUsing a
AB, pointHence,
OA'+OB'+OC? OB'= OA' + as of
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area(AABC)in AABC=,X
-OA' =
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OC'OD'+ = = (ii) 0E+ OD' OF'+ the
OB' OC?-OD'-OE-OF? F
AF² OD'+ in
interior Triangles
= = = and OB and + AODB = the -xax)
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CE-AE' + + CE? BD? AF² V3(0)4
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asq base
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2
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right + right BD² OE
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triangles AD)
triangles, CE? + AC
(vi.). (V.). (iv). . (ii). . (1). . (.1).
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draw L sidessides [ (0Q'
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= OA? +
corresponding
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and Through (Op'
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cm
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get
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19
EXAMPLE SOLUTION
 435 equal"20] (i)... (ü) (ii)
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diagonals and
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=
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+(AB²
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cm.0A'+0c? on
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have
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= BP)
X 4AB²
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OB
we
BD). BD)BD)BD) BC'+CD'+ the (A0'+
= of BD =
bisect BOC and OA?+OB² (ii) we on
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=5/3 rhombus
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Similarly,
have: (AC?+
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= 52+ sum and (AB+ know (ii), ABCD, points
Let OD' the =AC given that
AC rhombus (i),
= + Y=/75
OB²+6+8'
the of We angles.
right
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= = = = QareProve
DEDUCTION 36
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PROVE
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a maybe
r Pyovethe GIVEN PROOF From Pand
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20EXAMPLE SOLUTION In EXAMPLE
21
REMARK