Non-Aligned MOVEMENT
Presented by: Reamae &Ace
Objectives of NAM
•Eliminate all causes which could lead to war.
•To protect nascent freedom of new-born independent countries of Asia
and Africa from colonial domination.
•To oppose colonialism, imperialism and racial discrimination.
• To encourage friendly relations among countries
•To advocate peaceful settlement of international disputes
•To oppose use of force and use of nuclear weapons
•To strengthen United Nations as an organ of world peace.
•To protect human rights and protect environment
•To build a New International Economic Order (NEIO)
based on equality, equity and justice.
Meaning of Non-Aligned
Movement (NAM)
• The international policy of a sovereign state according to
which it does not align itself with any of the power blocs
and at the same time actively participates in the world
affairs to promote international peace, harmony and
cooperation.
Features of Non- Aligned Movement (NAM)
• Not to align to any of the power blocs- USA and Soviet Union.
• To oppose any kind of military alliances like NATO, SEATO, Warsaw
Pact etc.
• Freedom to take its independent decisions.
• Not to remain aloof from International problems & politics.
• To judge an issue on merit. And uphold/defend the rights of all
people for freedom and justice.
(6)Factors responsible for Non Alignment
1. Global tension caused by Cold War:
• After the end of World War II, the world was divided into two power
blocs: USA and Soviet Union.
• There was a global tension was caused by Cold War between the two
blocs.
• Newly independent Asian-African countries thought that this division
wasn't in their interest.
• They thought that non aligning them to any of power bloc would keep
the two blocs away from war.
2. Struggle against Imperialism and Colonisation:
• Newly independent Asian-African countries opposed
Imperialism and Colonisation. They wanted to enjoy their
newly acquired freedom And didn't want any pressure from
bigger nations.
3. Right of Independent Judgement:
• Newly independent Asian-African countries wanted to create
their own [Link] wanted to solve their own problems
without any outside interference or [Link] wanted to
enjoy their right to take independent judgement.
[Link] relations with all nations:
• Newly independent Asian-African countries wanted to spread goodwill
and cooperation among all nations of Asia and Africa.
• They wanted to establish friendly relations with all nation in order to grow
together.
5. Restructuring International Economic Order:
• Newly independent Asian-African countries were economically
backward and had a low standard of living.
• They needed capital and technical know-how to boost their economic
development, they wanted to take benefit from both the power blocs
without getting any string attached.
6. Formation of Collective Force:
• Newly independent Asian-African countries realized that although
they don't military and economic power to influence international
affairs, they had the moral and collective force to maintain and
promote world peace
Factors responsible for Non Alignment
• Global tension caused by Cold War
• Struggle against Imperialism and Colonisation
• Right of Independent Judgement
• Friendly relations with all nations
• Restructuring International Economic Order
• Formation of Collective Force
Panchsheel
In 1954, India and China signed an agreement called as 'Panchsheel' and later
this became guidelines for NAM.
• These 5 Principles included:
1. Mutual non-interference in each other internal affairs.
2. Mutual non-aggression
[Link] for mutual benefit
[Link] for each others territorial integrity and sovereignty
Peaceful coexistence
• These principles were shaped at the Bandung Conference in
[Link] by [Link](PM-India),Chou En Lai (PM- China) and
Nasser(PM-President of Egypt)
• First NAM Summit was held in 1961 at Belgrade in Yugoslavia. It was
attended by:
1)Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (India)
2) Gama Abdel Nasser (Egypt)
3) Jospeh Broze Tito (Yugoslavia).
• These three were called as 'Founding Fathers of NAM' or 'Architects
of NAM'.
Bandung Conference
• At Bandung, all the NAM leaders were united and agreed with each other & decided to support
UN to fulfill its aims and objectives.
• The five principles (Panchsheel) were given practical shape at this conference.
• The respect of NAM leaders increased in the world & it paved way for cooperation between
NAM countries which later took shape of NAM.
Belgrade Conference
• Belgrade Conference was the first summit of NAM which was held in Sep 1961. It
was attended by many leaders of different countries including the three founding
fathers of NAM: Nehru, Tito and Nasser.
• It discussed many issues like:
• Complete Disarmament of all weapons (specially nuclear weapons)
• Opposing Imperialism and Colonialism
• Opposing Racial Discrimination in all forms
• Problem of Berlin & Congo
• Chinese representation in the UN etc.
Role of Jawaharlal Nehru
• He called upon all newly independent Asian and African countries to no to
align to any of the power blocs namely USA and USSR.
• He opposed secret treaties and military alliances like NATO, CENTO, SEATO etc.
• At Bandung Conference he declared the Panchsheel Principles with the
Chinese Premier.
• He opposed Imperialism and Colonialism
• He promoted Democracy and Liberalism
• He made the main purpose of NAM clear i.e. to promote peace and
progress all over the world.
• At first summit of NAM at Belgrade, Nehru spoke about Imperialism,
Disarmament & Peace. And spoke on 'Danger of War & Appeal for Peace.'
THANK
YOU