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Class 8th Notes Chapter - Sound

Sound is a form of energy created by vibrations and requires a medium to travel, propagating as longitudinal waves with compressions and rarefactions. It can be classified into audible, infrasonic, and ultrasonic sounds, with noise being unpleasant and music being pleasant. Key concepts include frequency, amplitude, time period, and the speed of sound, which varies by medium.

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5 views3 pages

Class 8th Notes Chapter - Sound

Sound is a form of energy created by vibrations and requires a medium to travel, propagating as longitudinal waves with compressions and rarefactions. It can be classified into audible, infrasonic, and ultrasonic sounds, with noise being unpleasant and music being pleasant. Key concepts include frequency, amplitude, time period, and the speed of sound, which varies by medium.

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samar28kaur
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© All Rights Reserved
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Notes

Chapter -Sound

Class- 8

Subject -Physics

1. SOUND

Sound is a form of energy that produces the sensation of hearing.

Sound is produced due to vibrations of objects.

Example: vibrating strings of a guitar, ringing bell.

2. Production of Sound

Sound is produced when an object vibrates.

Vibration = to and fro or back and forth motion.

Faster vibration → higher sound.

Slower vibration → lower sound.

3. Medium of Sound

Sound needs a medium to travel.

It cannot travel in vacuum.

Sound travels through:

Solids

Liquids

Gases (air)

4. Propagation of Sound

Sound travels in the form of longitudinal waves.

These waves consist of:

Compressions – high pressure, particles close together

Rarefactions – low pressure, particles far apart

8. Audible and Inaudible Sounds

Audible sounds: 20 Hz – 20,000 Hz


Infrasonic sounds: below 20 Hz

Ultrasonic sounds: above 20,000 Hz

9. Noise and Music

Noise: unpleasant and unwanted sound.

Music: pleasant sound with regular vibrations.

Noise pollution causes health problems like headache, stress.

10. Speed of Sound

Speed of sound depends on medium.

Fastest in solids, slowest in gases.

In air (at room temperature): ~340 m/s

11. Echo

Echo is the repetition of sound due to reflection.

14. Uses of Ultrasound

Medical imaging (ultrasound scan).

Breaking kidney stones.

Detecting cracks in metals.

[Link]

One complete to and fro motion of a vibrating object is called an oscillation.

Example: One full swing of a pendulum.

👉 Relation:

More oscillations in one second → higher frequency.

[Link] Period (T)

Time taken to complete one oscillation is called time period.

Unit: second (s)

[Link] (f)

Number of oscillations per second.

Unit: Hertz (Hz)


[Link]

Maximum displacement of a vibrating particle from its mean position.

Determines loudness of sound.

Greater amplitude → louder sound

Smaller amplitude → softer sound

[Link] (λ)

Distance between two consecutive compressions or two consecutive


rarefactions.

Unit: metre (m)

Symbol: λ (lambda)

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