Fluid Mechanics

PROBLEM SET - 4
Instruction: Do as required. Present in writing the full details of your answer or
solutions. The grades you earn for each item will be based on correctness, completeness
and clarity of presentation.

SITUATION 1 (1-3): A cylindrical container 8 ft high and 3 ft in diameter is reinforced

with two hoops a foot from each end. If it’s filled with water

1. Compute the hydrostatic pressure.

a. 5990.4 lb c. 5760.3 lb
b. 6003.2 lb d. 4356.6 lb
2. What is the tension at the bottom hoop?
a. 2163.2 lb c. 2323.8 lb
b. 3122.3 d. lb1987.5 lb
3. What is the tension at the top hoop?
a. 832 lb c. 765 lb
b. 867 lb d. 913 lb

SITUATION 2 (4-6): A wooden storage vat full of oil having [Link]. =0.78 is in a form of
a frustum of a cone, 2 m. diameter at the top and 4 m. diameter at the bottom and 3
meters high. It is provided with 2 steel hoops, one at the top and one at the bottom.

4. Compute the total hydrostatic force on the side of the container. a.

147.15 KN c. 114.78 KN
b. 109.22 KN d. 158.34 KN
5. How high is the said force above the bottom?
a. 0.9 m c. 0.8 m
b. 0.7 m d. 1.0 m
6. Compute the force in the bottom hoop?
a. 40.17 KN c. 50.22 KN
b. 34.67 KN d. 48.33 KN

7. Determine the total hydrostatic force per meter length and its direction w/ respect to
horizontal as shown in the figure.

S = 1.03

6m4
1
1
50
Fluid Mechanics

a. 134.98 KN, 14.04° c. 124.98 KN, 14.04° b. 114.98 KN, 14.04°

d. 144.98 KN, 14.04°

SITUATION 3 (8-9): From the figure shown,

2m
1m
water
s = 1.26)
2m1m

Glycerin (

8. Determine the net hydrostatic force per unit width on rectangular panel AB.
a. 28.88 KN c. 31.22 KN
b. 26.21 KN d. 33.12 KN
9. Determine its line of action from B.
a. 1.06 m c. 1.16 m
b. 1.11 m d. 0.98 m

SITUATION 4(10-12): A cylindrical, wooden-stave barrel is 3.5 ft in diameter and 5 ft

high. It is held together by steel hoops at the top and bottom, each with a cross sectional
area of 0.40 in2. If the barrel is filled with orange juice (s.g. =1.04),

10. Compute the total hydrostatic force.

a. 2739.20 lb c. 2939.20 lb
b. 2839.20 lb d. 2639.20 lb
11. Compute the tension stress on the lower hoops.
a. 2165 psi c. 2265 psi
b. 2365 psi d. 2465 psi
12. Compute the tension stress on the upper hoops.
a. 1282 psi c. 1182 psi
b. 1382 psi d. 1482 psi
 SITUATION 5(13-15): Gate AB in the figure shown is 16 ft long and 8 ft wide.
Neglecting the weight of the gate,

13. Compute the value of height “h” for which the gate will start to fall.

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Fluid Mechanics

a. 12.7 ft c. 11.7 ft
b. 13.7 ft d. 10.7 ft
14. Compute the total hydrostatic force acting on the gate.
a. 31, 452 lb c. 39, 452 lb
b. 34, 452 lb d. 29, 452 lb
15. Compute the vertical reaction at B.
a. 13,567 lb c. 14, 226 lb
b. 12,229 lb d. 14,126 lb

A
11,000 lb

h
16 ft
60˚ B

SITUATION 6 (16-18): Gate AB in the figure is semi-circular with base hinged at B,

6m

water
 APB

4m

16. Determine the total hydrostatic force acting on the gate.

a. 2043 KN c. 2143 KN b. 2243 KN d. 2343 KN 17.
Determine its location from B.
a. 1.463 m c. 1.563 m b. 1.663 m d. 1.363 m 18. What
horizontal force P is required at A for equilibrium? a. 798
KN c. 698 KN
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Fluid Mechanics

b. 778 KN d. 788 KN

SITUATION 7 (19-21): Isosceles triangle gate AB in the figure shown is hinged at A.

19. Determine the total hydrostatic force acting on the gate.

a. 60.05 KN c. 70.05 KN
b. 50.05 KN d. 40.05 KN
20. Determine its location from A.
a. 1.357 m c. 1.347 m
b. 1.367 m d. 1.337 m
21. What horizontal force P is required at A for equilibrium?
a. 21.47KN c. 22.47KN
b. 23.47KN d. 24.47KN

1.2 m

2m B
Oil ( s = 0.82)

3m
60˚ A

SITUATION 8 (22-24): Circular gate ABC in the figure shown is 4 m in diameter and is
hinged at B.
 6m

A
water 2 m
B
2m
C
P

22. Determine the total hydrostatic force acting on the gate.

a. 974.20 KN c. 984.20 KN
b. 964.20 KN d. 954.20 KN
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Fluid Mechanics

23. Determine its location from B.

a. 0.115 m c. 0.135 m
b. 0.125 m d. 0.145 m
24. What horizontal force P is required at A for equilibrium?
a. 51.51 KN c. 61.51 KN
b. 41.51 KN d. 71.51 KN

SITUATION 9(25-26): The submerged gate AB shown in the figure is one-sixth of a

circle of radius 6 m. The length of the gate is 10 m.

B
A
60˚

6m

25. Determine the vertical component of the total hydrostatic acting on the gate.
a. 444KN c. 555 KN
b. 375 KN d. 456 KN
26. Determine the total hydrostatic force.
a. 1395 KN c. 1677 KN
b. 1227 KN d. 1891 KN
SITUATION 10(27-29): The tank in the figure is 40 cm wide.
BC.
27. Neglect a. 5781.22 N c. 50 cm 40 cm
atmospheric 4822.33 N b.
pressure. 6074.35 N d. A E 65 cm
Compute the total 7112.33 N 28.
hydrostatic D
Compute the total
forces on
horizontal panel hydrostatic
F
forces on horizontal panel BC.
B
a. 249.22 N c. 482.13 N b. C 120
690.62 N d. 712.73 N Solvent (s.g. =0.80) cm

45 cm

Water
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Fluid Mechanics

29. Water in a tank is pressurized to 85 cmHg as shown in the figure. Determine the
hydrostatic force per meter width on panel AB.
a. 502.06 KN c. 711.56 KN b. 623.11 KN d. 444.55 KN
3m 85 cm

2m

4m
A B

water

SITUATION 11(30-32): The vertical plate shown in the figure is submerged in vinegar
(s = 0.90).
 2m
3m

7m

4m

5m

29. Find the magnitude of the hydrostatic force on one side

a. 1231.56 KN c. 1745.12 KN b. 1514.17 KN d. 1348.22 KN 30. Find
the depth to the center of pressure.
a. 6.91 m c. 6.55 m
b. 7.22 m d. 5.84 m

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Fluid Mechanics

31. Gate AB in figure the figure is 1.2 m wide and is hinged at A. The specific gravity of
oil is 0.75. What horizontal force must be applied at B for equilibrium of gate AB?

a. 25.33 KN c. 19.15 KN
b. 20.78 KN d. 17.33 KN

AIR, P = -20 KPa

WATER

5.5 m OIL

1.8 m
 B

32. The tank shown in the figure contains oil and water. Determine the location of the
resultant force from A on side ABC, which is 1.2 m wide.

3 m OIL (s =
0.78)

B
2m

C
WATER

a. 3.377 m c. 2.986 m
b. 3.225 m d. 3.423 m
33. The 2 m diameter gate AB in the figure is free to swing about horizontal pivot at C
(no connection at A and B) located 35 mm below the center of gravity. To what
depth h can the water rise without causing an unbalance clockwise moment about
pivot C?

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Fluid Mechanics

WATER

A
 35

cg mm

B
h

a. 7.123 m c. 6.723 m
b. 5.671 m d. 6.143 m
34. Find dimension z so that the total stress in rod BD in the figure shown will not be
more than 100 KN, using a 1.3 m width and considering BD pinned at each end.

z B

WATER
45˚

2.20 m 90˚

A
D

a. 1.98 m c. 1.67 m
b. 1.88 m d. 2.12 m

SITUATION 12(35-37): A vat holding paint (s = 0.80) is 8 m long and 4 m depth and
has a trapezoidal cross section 3 m wide at the bottom and 5 m wide at the top. 35.
Compute the total weight of the paint
a. 1207.56 KN c. 1004.54 KN

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 Fluid Mechanics

b. 1255.68 KN d. 1286.32 KN
36. Compute the force on the bottom of the vat
a. 941.76 KN c. 753.41 KN
b. 931.76 KN d. 841.76 KN
37. Compute the force on the trapezoidal end of the panel
a. 287.76 KN c. 230.21 KN
b. 277.76 KN d. 240.21 KN
38. Determine the height “h” in the figure so that the rectangular gate of unit meter
width is in static equilibrium.

oil
(s
= 0.80) water
3m

45˚

a. 1.64 m c. 2.21 m
b. 2.32 m d. 2.78 m

SITUATION 13(39-41): A square plate having one side equal to 3 m is immersed in a

water surface in a vertical position such that the two edges of the square would be
horizontal in order that the center of pressure shall be 8 cm from the center of gravity.

39. How far below the water surface should the upper plate be submerged?
a. 7.875 m c. 10.875 m
b. 7.455 m d. 9.455 m
40. What is the distance of the center of pressure from the water surface?
a. 7.875 m c. 10.875 m
b. 7.455 m d. 9.455 m
41. Determine the hydrostatic force acting on the plate at this position. a.
827.72 KN c. 837.72 KN b. 847.72 KN d. 817.72 KN

SITUATION 14(42-44): The gate AB shown in figure is hinged at A and kept closed by
a force P at B.
42. Determine the nearest value of the total force exerted by the oil on the gate.
 a. 165.18 KN c. 155.18 KN b. 130.21 KN 120.21 KN
43. Determine the location of this total force from A.
a. 4.82 m c. 4.72 m
b. 4.62 m d. 4.92 m
44. Determine the nearest value of the force P needed to kept the gate closed.
a. 129.92 KN c. 124.66 KN

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Fluid Mechanics

b. 100.26 KN d. 98.57 KN P = - 18.46 KPa

7m

A
oil (s = 0.80) 6m
2

B P

SITUATION 15(45-47): In the tank shown in figure is 3 m wide into the paper. Neglect
atmospheric pressure. Unit weight of water is 9.79 KN/m3

4m
m O

5
A

5m

B
45. Determine the nearest value of the vertical component of the total force on the quarter
circle panel AB, in KN.
a. 1,166.46 KN c. 1,164.08 KN b. 1,008.22 KN d. 1,213.25 KN 46. Determine the
nearest value of the resultant force acting on the quarter circle panel AB, in KN.
 a. 1507.23 KN c. 1505.39 KN b. 1388.39 KN d. 1543.73 KN 47. Calculate the
nearest value to the angle that the resultant hydrostatic force make with the horizontal, in
degrees.
a. 50.71˚ c. 50.65˚
b. 46.57˚ d. 51.81˚

59
Fluid Mechanics

48. A submersible has a viewing window that is 60 cm in diameter. Determine the

pressure force of the water on the window if the center of the window is 33 m below
the surface of the horizontal window.
a. 65.47 KN c. 78.54 KN
b. 91.53 KN d. 96.32 KN

SITUATION 16(49-51): The gate shown in the figure will open automatically when the
water level reaches a certain height above the hinge. When b = 1.8 m, determine the
following.

49. Value of H
a. 3.46 m c. 2.77 m
b. 3.1 m d. 3.12 m 51. The horizontal force
H water
50. The vertical force acting on the gate in KN.
acting on the gate in KN a. 58.86 c. 71.22
a. 43.50 c. 55.05 b. 47.68 d. 37.67 b
b. 67.97 d. 82.24

SITUATION 17(52-54): Consider the gate shown in the figure to be a quarter circle of
radius 90 cm with the hinge 10 m below the water surface. The gate is 2.5 m wide. Unit
weight of water in 9.81KN/m3

52. Calculate the vertical component of

the total force acting on the gate, in KN.
a. 302.1 c. 216.5
b. 210.8 d. 256.3 53. Calculate the total force
acting on the gate, in KN.
a. 210.8 c. 256.3 b. 216.5 d. 302.1 54. What
force P in KN is needed to hold the gate in
the position.
a. 216.5 c. 302.1 b. 256.3 d. 210.8

water P hinge
SITUATION 18(55-57): The canal shown is quarter circle in cross section in the figure
shown runs 40 m into the paper.
B

18 m

water

60
Fluid Mechanics

55. Determine the horizontal hydrostatic force. Use unit weight = 9.79 kN/cu m
a. 65,112 KN c. 61,127 KN b. 63,439 KN d. 58,786 KN 56. Determine the
magnitude of the hydrostatic force.
a. 175,002 KN c. 154,207 KN b. 118,130 KN d. 131,284 KN 57.
Find the vertical location of the center of pressure from A. a. 8.33 m c.
11.55 m b. 9.54 m d. 9.07 m

58. Find an algebraic formula for the net vertical force F on the submerged
semicircular projecting structure CDE in the figure. The structure has
uniform width b into the paper. The liquid has specific weight γ. γR b/ 2c. 2
a. γR b/ 2
2 2

γR b/ 2d. 2
γR b/ 2
b.

A B

FU

D
 E

FL
SITUATION 19(59-61): A dam has a parabolic shape
( )2
z/ z = x/ xas
oo

shown in the figure, with o

x = 10 ftando
z = 24 f t. The fluid is γ = 62.4 lb/ft3,
and atmospheric pressure may be omitted.
59. Compute the magnitude of force Fh.
a. Fh = 818,560 lbf c. Fh = 838,560 lbf b. Fh = 898,560 lbf d. Fh = 858,560
lbf 60. Compute the magnitude of force Fv.
a. 419,200 lbf c. 489,200 lbf
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Fluid Mechanics

b. 429,200 lbf d. 499,200 lbf 61. Compute the line of action.

a. (5.4269 ft, 7.0683 ft) c. (5.5269 ft, 7.2683 ft) b. (5.1269 ft, 7.3683 ft) d.
(5.9269 ft, 7.3683 ft)

xo

Fv
zFh
zo
x

62. A temporary above-ground square pool with 100 m long sides is created in a concrete
 parking lot. The walls are concrete, are 50.0 cm thick, and have a density of 2.50
g/cm3. The coefficient of static friction between the walls and the parking lot is
0.450. What is the maximum possible depth of water in the pool?
a. 1.225 m c. 1.325 m
b. 1.125 m d. 1.025 m

63. Determine the magnitude of the force due to water acting on curve area per meter of
its length.

A
C
B

a. 564.55 KN c. 544.55 KN b. 584.55 KN d. 524.55 KN

SITUATION 20(64-65): A 2 m diameter cylinder as shown in the figure weighs 20 KN

and is 1.8 m long. Neglecting friction,
62
Fluid Mechanics

Oil

C
[Link]. = 0.8
A B

64. Determine the reactions at A.

a. 22.25 KN c. 26.25 KN
b. 24.25 KN d. 28.25 KN
65. Determine the reactions at B.
a. 2.39 KN a. 2.59 KN
b. 2.19 KN d. 2.79 KN

SITUATION 21(66-67): From the figure shown, the diameter of the cylinder is 2 m.

A
m

3
 B

45˚

66. Determine the horizontal component of the force due to water acting on the diameter
cylinder shown per meter of its length.
a. 58.62 KN c. 54.69 KN
b. 41.62 KN d. 52.69 KN 67. Determine the vertical component of the force due
to water acting on the diameter cylinder shown per meter of its length.
a. 53.03 KN c. 59.03 KN
b. 57.03 KN d. 51.03 KN

68. In the figure shown, a 6 m diameter cylinder plugs a rectangular hole in a tank that is
2 m long. With what force is the cylinder is pressed against the bottom of the tank
due to water?
63
Fluid Mechanics

8m 6m A B

a. 207.98 KN c. 247.98 KN b. 227.98 KN d. 267.98 KN

69. In the figure shown, the 4 m diameter cylinder weighs 2200 N and rest on the
bottom of a tank that is 1.5 m long. Water and oil are poured into the left and right
hand portions of the tank depths of 1 and 2 m respectively. Find the magnitudes of
the horizontal and vertical components of the force that will keep the cylinder
touching the tank at A.
a. 17.19 KN, 53.86 KN c. 18.19 KN, 54.86 KN b. 16.19 KN, 52.86 KN d.
19.19 KN, 55.86 KN
 2 m Oil
1m
[Link]. = 0.8
A

water
SITUATION 22(70-71): The half conical buttress ABE shown is used to support a half
cylindrical tower.

R=2m
A

3m

4m
E

64
Fluid Mechanics

70. Calculate the horizontal component of the force due to water acting on the buttress
ABE
a. 516.66 KN c. 536.66 KN
b. 526.66 KN d. 546.66 KN
71. Calculate the vertical component of the force due to water acting on the buttress
ABE
a. 257.1 KN c. 287.1 KN
b. 267.1 KN d. 277.1 KN

72. A 4 m high by 1.5 m wide rectangular gate AB is vertical and is hinged at a point 0.2
mm below the center of gravity. The total depth of water is 6 m. What horizontal
force F must be applied at the bottom of the gate for equilibrium.
a. 16.44 KN c. 15.44 KN
b. 17.44 KN d. 18.44 KN

73. For a 3 m length of gate AB as shown in the figure, find the compression strut CD
 due to water pressure.
a. 157.82 KN c. 177.82 KN
b. 127.82 KN d. 197.82 KN

1.5 m

70˚
60˚

B D
74. Gate AB is hinged at B and is 1.5 m wide. What vertical force, applied at the center
of gravity of the 25 KN gate, will keep it in equilibrium?

1.0 m

2.0 m
45˚
B

65
Fluid Mechanics

a. 73.10 KN c. 77.10 KN
b. 75.10 KN d. 79.10 KN
75. The 1.5 m diameter semi-cylindrical gate is 1 m long. If the coefficient of friction
between the gate and its guides is 0.15, find the force F required to raise the 14 KN
gate.

AB
F
 2m

a. 10.4 KN c. 13.4 KN
b. 12.4 KN d. 11.4 KN

76. An isosceles triangle, base 6 m and altitude 8 m, is immersed vertically in oil of

specific gravity 0.82 with its axis of symmetry horizontal. If the head on the
horizontal axis is 4 m, determine the force on one face of the triangle. a. 1287
KN c. 1487 KN
b. 1387 KN d. 1587 KN

SITUATION 23(77-78): The 1.5 m diameter cylinder, 1.5 m long, is acted upon by
water on the left and oil of [Link]. 0.8 on the right. Determine
77. the normal force at B if the cylinder weighs 18 KN
a. 5.103 KN c. 5.203 KN
b. 5.403 KN d. 5.303 KN
78. the net horizontal force due to oil and water.
a. 25.38 KN c. 23.38 KN
b. 22.38 KN d. 24.38 KN

water
2.5 m
1.5 m
Oil
[Link]. = 0.8
B
66

Fluid Mechanics

79. From the figure shown, for a length of 2.5 m determine the
unbalanced moment about the hinge O due to water at level
A.
 A
2m
O

a. 1669.6 KN-m c. 1769.6 KN-m

b. 1569.6 KN-m d. 1869.6 KN-m

80. The tank whose cross section is shown in the figure is 1.5 m long and full of water
under pressure. Find the components of the force required to keep the cylinder in
position, neglecting the weight of the cylinder.
a. FH = 27.21 KN, FV = 19.90 KN c. FH = 25.21 KN, FV = 16.90 KN b. FH =
24.21 KN, FV = 18.90 KN d. FH = 26.21 KN, FV = 17.90 KN
15 KPa

0.9 m

water

81. Determine, per meter of length, the horizontal and vertical components of water
pressure acting on the Tainter-type gate shown.

70˚
O

a. FH = 6.45 KN, FV = 2.77 KN c. FH = 5.33 KN, FV = 6.33 KN b. FH = 4.51

KN, FV = 8.22 KN d. FH = 6.21 KN, FV = 1.98 KN
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Fluid Mechanics

82. The cylinder shown is 3 m long. Assuming a watertight condition at A and no

rotation of the cylinder, what weight of cylinder is required to impend motion
 upward.
0.15 B
a. 253.75 KN b. 273.75 KN c.
233.75 KN d. 293.75 KN
2.5 m
A
μ=

83. For the parabolic seawall shown, what moment about A per
m of wall is created by the 3 m long depth of water?
2m

a. 65.31 KN-m
b. 63.31 KN-m c. 61.31 KN-m

parabola
d. 67.31 KN-m
3m

0.5 m

4m

84. The tank shown is 3 m long, and sloping bottom BC is 2m wide. What depth of
 mercury will cause the resultant moment about B due to the liquids to be 30 KN-m
clockwise?

1m
water
C

mercury
30˚
h
B

a. 0.666 m c. 0.566 m b. 0.466 m d. 0.766 m

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Fluid Mechanics

85. The gate shown is 10 m long. What is the total reaction at hinge O due to water?

O C
A
0.5 m
B

a. 637 KN c. 647 KN
b. 637 KN d. 627 KN

SITUATION 24(86-87): Refer to the figure shown. A parabolic flat plate hinged at C,

Oil
[Link]. = 0.8
 30˚

86. what is the force of oil on the plate due to oil?

a. 31.24 KN c. 37.24 KN
b. 39.24 KN d. 33.24 KN
87. what is the torque about hinge C ?
a. 32.326 KN-m c. 34.326 KN-m
b. 36.326 KN-m d. 38.326 KN-m

88. A parabolic gate ABC is hinged at A and is acted upon by oil weighing 7.86 KN/m3.
If the gate’s center of gravity is at B, what must the gate weigh per m of length in
order for equilibrium to exist. Vertex of parabola is at A.
y
C
1.5 m

1m 2m
W
B

Oil

A 69
x
Fluid Mechanics

a. 14.43 KN c. 15.43 KN b. 13.43 KN d. 16.43 KN

70