Fluid Mechanics

PROBLEM SET-2
Instruction: Do as required. Present in writing the full details of your answer or
solutions. The grades you earn for each item will be based on correctness,
completeness and clarity of presentation.

1. What is the capillary depression of mercury in inches at 68°F (σ = 0.032 lb/ft) to be

expected in a 0.05 inches-diameter tube?
a. 0.444 inch c. 0.333 inch
b. 0.467 inch d. 0.222 inch
2. Calculate the height of which the water rise in a capillarity tube of radius 1.4 mm if σ
= 0.0728 N/m.
a. 10.61 mm c. 12.33 mm
b. 14.22 mm d. 9.76 mm

SITUATION 1(3-5): Oil having a specific gravity of 0.85 has a kinematic viscosity of
1.243 x 10-6 m2/s.

3. What is the value of the absolute viscosity in Pa-s?

a. 1.078 x 10-3c. 1.018 x 10-3
b. 1.057 x 10-3 d. 1.027 x 10-3
4. How many strokes is equivalent to 1.243 x 10-6 m2/s?
a. 0.03335 c. 0.01234
b. 0.04214 d. 0.04067
5. If the viscosity is 0.0154 strokes, what is the equivalent kinematic viscosity in m2/s a.
1.54 x 10-9c. 1.54 x 10-6
b. 1.54 x 10-3 d. 1.54 x 10-12

6. Determine the capillary depression for mercury in a glass capillary tube 3 mm in

diameter if its surface tension is 0.942 N/m.
a. 8.21 mm c. 7.21 mm
b. 6.21 mm d. 9.21 mm

7. The kinematic viscosity unit of 1 sq-ft per second is equivalent to how many strokes.
a. 867 c. 929
b. 1005 d. 765

8. Compute the numerical factor for converting foot-pound-second units of dynamic

viscosity to poises.
a. 412 c. 369
b. 479 d. 238

9. Find the modulus of elasticity of a liquid if a pressure of 1033.93 Kpa applied to

0.283 m3 of liquid causes a volume reduction of 0.000567 m3.
a. 444.06 MPa c. 516.07 MPa
b. 723.33 MPa d. 667.17 MPa
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Fluid Mechanics

10. If K = 2100 Mpa is the bulk modulus of elasticity of water, what pressure is required
to reduce a volume by 0.6 percent?
a. 12.6 MPa c. 14.7 MPa
b. 15.11 MPa d. 10.36 MPa

11. A rigid steel container is partially filled with liquid at 14 atm. The volume of liquid
is 1.232 lit. At a pressure of 29 atm., the volume of liquid is 1.231lit. Find the
average bulk modulus of elasticity of the liquid over the given range of pressure if
the temperature after compression is allowed to return to its initial value. a. 2.111
GPa c. 3.667 GPa
b. 1.555 GPa d. 1.872 GPa

12. The density of fluid has increased by 0.004% when its pressure is increased from 150
KPa to 200 KPa. Determine the bulk modulus of elasticity of this fluid? a. 1,250,063
Kpa c. 1,333,012 KPa
b. 1,711,234 Kpa d. 978,129 KPa

13. The weight of 20 litre of a liquid is 140 N. Find its specific gravity.
a. 0.715 c. 0.712
b. 0.833 d. 0.671

14. The absolute viscosity of a liquid having a specific gravity of 0.9 is 0.073 poise. Find
its kinematic viscosity in m2/s and in stokes.
a. 0.711 stoke c. 0.811 stoke
b. 0.611 stoke d. 0.911 stoke

15. Determine the diameter of water droplet having an internal pressure of 0.2 KPa
greater than the surrounding atmospheric pressure. The surface tension of water in
contact with air at 20˚C is 0.0736 N/m.
a. 1.472 mm c. 1.712 mm
b. 2.078 mm d. 1.899 mm

16. A vertical gap 23.5 mm wide contains an oil of specific gravity 0.80. A plate
weighing 50 N and of dimension 1.5 m x 1.5 m is lifted midway through the gap. If
the force of 140 N is required to move the plate with a steady velocity of 0.1 m/s,
estimate the kinematic viscosity of the oil filled in the gap. Take the width of the
plate as 1.5 mm.
a. 0.00275 m2/s c. 0.00522 m2/s
b. 0.00312 m2/s d. 0.00375 m2/s
 17. A glass tube 2.5 mm in diameter contains a mercury column with water above the
mercury. The surface tension of mercury in contact with water is 0.363 N/m. What
will be the capillary depression of mercury? Take contact angle, = 130˚.

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Fluid Mechanics

a. 2.88 mm (rise) c. 2.11 mm (fall)

b. 2.88 mm (fall) d. 2.11 mm (rise)

18. The volume flow meter kept at the delivery side of a blower recorded a value of 6
m3/s, when the pressure reading and the temperature reading at the delivery side
show 1.5 bar (abs) and 20˚C respectively. If the kinematic viscosity is 1 x 10-5 m2/s,
determine the dynamic viscosity. Assume characteristic gas constant for air as 287
(N-m)/(kg-˚K).
a. 0.0000178 Pa-s c. 0.0000311 Pa-s
b. 0.0000122 Pa-s d. 0.0000467 Pa-s

19. A liquid compressed in a container has a volume of 1.5 liter at a pressure of 1 MPa
and a volume of 1.255 liter at a pressure of 2 MPa what is the bulk modulus of
elasticity of the liquid?
a. 6.12 c. 7.12
b. 5.12 d. 8.12

20. Find the modulus of elasticity of a liquid if a pressure of 1023 KPa applied to 0.283
��3 of a liquid causes a volume reduction to 0.000567 ��3.
a. 510.6 MPa c. 510.6 MPa
b. 510.6 MPa d. 510.6 MPa

21. An oil film of viscosity μ and thickness h lies between a solid wall and a circular disk,
as shown in the figure. The disk is rotated steadily at angular velocity ω. Noting that
both velocity and shear stress vary with radius r, derive a formula for the torque M
required to rotate the disk. Neglect air drag.

R
oil

a. πμωR / h 23 c. πμωR / h 22
 b.πμωR / h 24d. πμωR / h 2

22. A cylinder of 0.122 m radius rotates concentrically inside a fixed cylinder of 0.128 m
radius. Both cylinders are 0.305 m long. Determine the viscosity of the liquid that
fills the space between the cylinders if a torque of 0.881 N-m is required to maintain
an angular velocity of 60 revolutions per minute.
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Fluid Mechanics

a. 0.230 Pa-s c. 0.230 Pa-s

b. 0.230 Pa-s d. 0.230 Pa-s

23. A steel sphere with a diameter of 0.250 m is submerged in the ocean to a depth of
500.0 m. What is the percentage change in the volume of the sphere? The bulk
modulus of steel is 160 x 109 Pa.
a. 0.0031% c. 0.045%
b. 0.33% d. 0.55%

24. A sealed tank contains oxygen at 27°C at a pressure of 2 atm. If the temperature
increases to 100°C, what will be the pressure inside the tank?
a. 4.92 atm c. 4.29 atm
b. 2.49 atm d. 9.24 atm

25. A volume of 400 cc of air is measured at a pressure of 740 mm Hg abs and a

temperature of 18°C. What will be the volume at 760 mm Hg and 0°C? a.
376 cc c. 326 cc
b. 356 cc d. 366 cc

26. The pressure of the nitrogen gas thermometer is 76 cm at 0°C. What is the
temperature of a liquid in which the bulb of the thermometer is immersed when the
pressure is seen to be 87.7 cm?
a. 34°C c. 45°C
b. 60°C d. 90°C

27. A transportation company specializes in the shipment of pressurized gaseous

materials. An order is received for 100 liters of a particular gas at STP (32°F and 1
atm). What minimum volume tank is necessary to transport the gas at 80°F and a
maximum pressure of 8 atm?
a. 16 liters c. 14 liters
b. 10 liters d. 12 liters

28. A 20 liter sample of gas exerts a pressure of 1 atm at 25°C. If t is expanded into a 40
liter vessel that is held at 100°C, what will be its final pressure?
a. 0.50 atm c. 1.0 atm
b. 0.315 atm d. 0.63 atm

29. A waterproof ball made of rubber with a bulk modulus of 6.309 x 107 N/m2is
submerged under water to a depth of 55.93 m. What is the fractional change in the
 volume of the ball?
a. 0.0067 c. 0.0097
b. 0.0087 d. 0.0057

30. A waterproof ball made of rubber with a bulk modulus of 8.141 x 107 N/m2is
submerged under water. The fractional change in the volume of the ball is 6.925 x
10-3. To what depth is the ball submerged?
a. 55.47 m c. 53.47 m
b. 51.47 m d. 57.47 m
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Fluid Mechanics

31. A waterproof rubber ball is submerged under water to a depth of 59.01 m. The
fractional change in the volume of the ball is 2.937 x 10-2. What is the bulk modulus
of the rubber ball?
a. 1.871 x 107 Pa c. 1.671 x 107 Pa
b. 1.971 x 107 Pa d. 1.771 x 107 Pa

32. A thin plate is separated from two fixed plates by very viscous liquids μ1 and μ2,
respectively, as shown in the figure. The plate spacings h1 and h2 are unequal, as
shown. The contact area is A between the center plate and each fluid. Assuming a
linear velocity distribution in each fluid, derive the force F required to pull the plate
at velocity V. answer,
μ1

h1 F
μ2

h2

a. F ( / h ) ( / h ) Av = μ + μ
( 11
2

)
=μ+μ
b. F ( h ) ( h ) Av ( 1122)
 +μ
c. F ( / h ) ( / h ) Av = μ (2
=μ+μ
112 ) d. F ( / h ) ( / h ) Av (
1221 )

33. A disk of radius R rotates at an angular velocity ω inside a disk-shaped container

filled with oil of viscosity μ, as shown in the figure. Assuming a linear velocity
profile and neglecting shear stress on the outer disk edges, derive a formula for the
viscous torque on the disk. answer,
ω

a. M R / h = πμω 4
b.M R / h = πμω 4 h
2
h
c. M R / h = πμω 4
3 R R
d.M R / h = πμω 4 4

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Fluid Mechanics

34. The device in the figure is called a cone-plate viscometer. The angle of the cone is
very small, so that sinθ = θ, and the gap is filled with the test liquid. The torque M to
rotate the cone at a rate ω is measured. Assuming a linear velocity profile in the
fluid film, derive an expression for fluid viscosity μ as a function of (M, R, ω, and
θ).

[Link]( )
1 ω
θ
μ=
πω 3
3 R

[Link]( )
3 θ
 μ=
πω 3
2
R fluid
θ

[Link]( )
2 θ θ
μ=
πω 3
3
R

R R

[Link]( )
5 θ
μ=
πω 3
2 R
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