SHS

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
Module 16, Quarter 1, Week 5
General Physics 1
Grade 11/12 Module 16 Quarter 1, Week 5
First Edition, 2020

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 General Chemistry 1
Module 16: Quarter 1 – Week 5
Introduction

In our previous lesson, we examined three historically important gas laws that
describe the relationship among the four variables P, V, T and n. Combining these four
variables with a proportional relationship make up the ideal gas law equation.

Target

Use the ideal gas equation to calculate pressure, volume, temperature,

or number of moles of a gas STEM_GC11G-Ihi-46.

Jumpstart

The relationship that we have learned so far can be combined into a single law
that encompasses all of them. Let us summarize the gas laws we have discussed so
far:

We can combine all three expressions to form a single master equation for the
behavior of gases:

Figure 1: Ideal Gas Law

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 These relationships, which show how the volume of a gas depends on pressure,
temperature, and number of moles of gas present, can be combined as follows:

PV=nRT

(Ideal gas equation)

Where: R, the proportionality constant, is called the gas constant.

L - kPa
R = universal gas constant = 8.314
mol - K
R = 62.364 L Torr/mol-K

R = 0.082057 L atm/mol-K

P = pressure (in kPa) n = # of moles of gas (mol)

V = volume (in L or dm3) T = temperature (in K)

The ideal gas equation describes the relationship among the four variables P,
V, T, and n.
• Pressure (P) in atm
• Volume (V) in L
• Temperature (T) in K
• Moles (n) in mol

Keep in mind that the ideal gas equation applies to systems that do not undergo
changes in pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of a gas.

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 Discover

Now let us explore the various terms.

A. Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

Standard condition of temperature and pressure is known as STP. The universal
value of STP is 1 atm (pressure) and 0°C.
Pressure (P)
• Pressure is measured in pascals (Pa), atmosphere (atm), etc. Should you want
to convert from other pressure measurements:

1 atm = 760 mmHg

= 760 torr
= 101326 Pa
= 101.326 kPa
= 14.7 psi
Temperature (T)
• Temperature factor is overlooked because temperature will always be in Kelvin
instead of Celsius when using the Ideal Gas equation.
• The temperature has to be in kelvin. Don't forget to add 273 if you are given a
temperature in degrees Celsius.
K = °C + 273

B. Volume (V)
• In STP, 1 mole of gas will take up 22.4 L of the volume of the container.

C. The Gas Constant (R)

Here comes the tricky part when it comes to the gas constant, R.
➢ Value of R WILL change when dealing with different unit of pressure and
volume.
R = 8.314 L-kPa/mol-K
R = 62.364 L Torr/mol-K
R = 0.082057 L atm/mol-K

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D. Number of moles (n)
This is easy, of course - it is just a number. You already know that you work it
out by dividing the mass in grams by the mass of one mole in grams.

The ideal gas law can be used to solve a variety of problems. Let us study the
following sample problems:

a) 0.25 g carbon dioxide fills a 350 mL container at 127 oC. Find pressure in mm Hg.

➢ Write down your given information:

T = 127°C + 273 = 400 K

V = 0.35 L
n =?
P =?

➢ Derive the formula of finding the pressure (P) from the ideal gas equation.
PV=nRT

P = nRT
V

➢ Use the given mass of CO2 to find the mole (n) of CO2.

n = 0.25g CO2 1mol CO2 = 0.00568 mol CO2

44g CO2
➢ Substitute the given to the derive formula

P = nRT
V

P = (0.00568 mol) 8.314 L-kPa (400 K)

mol-K
0.35 L

P = 54.0 kPa

➢ Convert kPa to mmHg

P = 54.0 kPa 760 mmHg = 405 mmHg

101.3 kPa

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Try this: Use a separate sheet of paper.

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a colorless, odorless, very unreactive gas.

a) Calculate the pressure (in atm) exerted by 1.82 moles of the gas in a steel
vessel of volume 5.43 L at 69.5°C.

b) 32 g oxygen at 0oC is under 101.3 kPa of pressure. Find sample’s volume.

➢ Write down your given information:

T = 0°C + 273 = 273 K
P = 101.3 kPa
n=?
V=?

➢ Find the mole of oxygen

n = 32g O2 1 mol O2 = 1.0 mol O2

32g O2

➢ Substitute the given

V = nRT
P

V = (1.0 mol) 8.314 L-kPa (273 K)

mol-K
101.3 kPa

V = 22.4 L

Calculate the volume (in liters) occupied by 2.12 moles of nitric oxide (NO) at 6.54
atm and 76°C.

c. What is a gas’s temperature in Celsius when it has a volume of 25 L, 203 mol,

143.5 atm?

➢ Write down your given information:

P = 143.5 atm V= 25 L
n = 203 mol R = 0.0820574 L-atm/mol-K
T=?

➢ Derive the appropriate equation from the general equation

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PV=nRT

PV = nRT
nR nR

T = PV
nR

➢ Plug in the variables into the appropriate equation.

T = PV
nR

T = _____(143.5 atm) (25 L)_______

(203 mol) (0.08206 [Link]/mol.K)

T = 215.4 K

➢ You are not done. Be sure to read the problem carefully, and answer what they
are asking for. In this case, they are asking for temperature in Celsius, so you
will need to convert it from K, the units you have.

215.4 K – 273 = -57.4 °C

Try this:
At a given temperature, 0.00332 g of Hg in the gas phase has a pressure of
0.00120 mmHg and a volume of 435 L. What is its temperature?

d. Calculate the number of moles of gas in a 3.24-L basketball inflated to a total

pressure of 24.3 psi at 25°C.

➢ Write down your given information:

P = 24.3 psi V= 3.24 L
T = 25°C R = 0.0820574 L-atm/mol-K

➢ Convert P and T into their correct units.

P = 24.3 psi 1 atm = 1.6531 atm

14.7 psi

T = 25°C + 273 = 298K

➢ Substitute the given information and solve for n.

PV = nRT

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 n – PV
RT

n= (1.6531 atm) ( 3.24 L

0.08206 [Link] (298 K)
mol .K

n = 0.219 mol

Try this:
A sample of hydrogen gas, H2, has a volume of 8.56 L at a temperature of 0°C
and a pressure of 1.5 atm. Calculate the number of moles of H2 present in this gas
sample. (Assume that the gas behaves ideally.)

Explore

Practice Problems: Use a separate sheet of paper.

1. What volume does 0.556 mol of a gas occupy at a pressure of 715 mmHg and a
temperature of 58°C?

2. Find the pressure in mmHg of a 0.113-g sample of helium gas in a 648-mL

container at a temperature of 32°C.

3. A weather balloon contains 1.10 x 105 mol He and has a volume of 2.70 x 106 L at
1.00 atm pressure. Calculate the temperature of the helium in the balloon in kelvins
and in Celsius degrees.

4. A sample of gas has a volume of 3.91 L, a temperature of 305 K, and a pressure

of 2.09 atm. How many moles of gas are present?

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 Deepen

Chemistry Is Everywhere

1) Breathing
Breathing (more properly called respiration) is the process by which we draw
air into our lungs so that our bodies can take up oxygen from the air. Let us apply
the gas laws to breathing.
Start by considering pressure. We draw air into our lungs because the
diaphragm, a muscle underneath the lungs, moves down to reduce pressure in the
lungs, causing external air to rush in to fill the lower-pressure volume. We expel air
by the diaphragm pushing against the lungs, increasing pressure inside the lungs
and forcing the high-pressure air out. What are the pressure changes involved? A
quarter of an atmosphere? A tenth of an atmosphere? Actually, under normal
conditions, it’s only 1 or 2 torr of pressure difference that makes us breathe in and
out.

Figure 2
Breathing Mechanics

A normal breath is about 0.50 L. If room temperature is about 22°C, then the air has
a temperature of about 295 K. With normal pressure being 1.0 atm, how many moles
of air do we take in for every breath? Use the ideal gas equation to solve the problem.

11
 Gauge

Read the following questions carefully. Write the letter of your answer in a separate
sheet.

1. Which of the following term does not involve in ideal gas law?
A. Pressure B. Temperature C. Time D. Volume
2. In the ideal gas law, which variable represents the gas constant?
A. n B. R C. T D. V
3. In order to solve gas law calculations, which unit in temperature must be
measured in?
A. Celsius B. Fahrenheit C. Kelvin D. Torr
4. At STP, what is pressure in atmospheres?
A. 0 atm B. 1 atm C. 10 atm D. 100 atm
5. What is the correct form of the equation for the ideal gas law?
A. PV = nRT B. PT = nRV C. P/V = nRTD. PV = n/RT
6. Which of the following expressions relates the kelvin and Celsius temperature
scales?
A. K = 273 + °C B. K= -273 + °C C. °C + 273 K D. K = 273°C
7. Convert 2.4 atm into mmHg
A. 1524 mmHg B. 1724 mmHg C. 1824 mmHg D. 2224 mmHg
8. Calculate the volume that a 0.323-mol sample of a gas will occupy at 265 K and a
pressure of 0.900 atm.
A. 7.18 L B. 7.81 L C. 8.17 L D. 8.71 L
9. What is the pressure of a 5 liter per mole ideal gas at temperature 27°C?
A. 2.5 atm B. 3.8 atm C. 4.4 atm D. 4.9 atm
10. What is the temperature of a 2 liter per mole ideal gas with pressure 10 atm?
A. 243 K B. 268 K C. 289 K D. 313 K

Given: 88 grams of CO2 at 27°C is applying 5 atm pressure.

11. How many moles of CO2 are there?
A. 1 mol B. 2 moles C. 3 moles D. 4 moles
12. What is the volume occupied by it?
A. 5.6 liter B. 7.9 liter C. 9.8 liter D. 12.2 liter

Given: Fluorine is a diatomic atom with a mass of 19 amu.

13. How many moles are there in a 76 g of fluorine gas?
A. 1 mole B. 2 moles C. 3 moles D. 4 moles
14. What pressure (in atm) would be exerted by the fluorine gas in a 1.50 liter vessel
at -37°C?
A. 4.1 atm B. 26 atm C. 84 atm D. 19,600 atm

15. What is the temperature in Celsius of 2.49 moles of gas contained in a 1.00-L
vessel at a pressure of 143 atm.
A. 246.8 °C B. -246.8°C C. 426.8°C D. -426.8°C

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References:

Brown, Theodore L. et al. (2009). CHEMISTRY, The Central Science 11th Edition. USA.
Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 402-406.

Chang, Raymond. (2010). Chemistry. — 10th edition. USA. McGraw-Hill. pp. 185-
187.

Steven S. Zumdahl and Donald J. DeCoste. (2010). Introductory Chemistry: A

Foundation, Seventh Edition. USA. Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. pp. 419-424.

Tro, Nivaldo J. (2011). Chemistry: a molecular approach. USA. Pearson Prentice Hall.
pp. 190-193.

“Mr. Christopherson/Ideal Gas Law”, Normal Community High School Home of the
Ironmen, accessed July 25, 2020, [Link]

“The Ideal Gas Law and Some Applications”, accessed July 25, 2020,
[Link]
some-applications-2/

“The Ideal Gas Law and Some Applications”, accessed July 25, 2020,
[Link]
[Link]

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14
15. C
14. B
13. B
12. C
11. B
10. A
9. D
8. B
9. D
7. C
6. A
5. A
4. B
3. C
2. B
1. C
GAUGE
n = 0.021 mol of air
DEEPEN:
4) 0.33 mol
3) 26°C
2) 1.09 atm
1) 16.05 L
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
EXPLORE
d. 57 mol
c. 507 K
b. 59.34 L
a. 9.42 atm
Try this:
DISCOVER
KEY ANSWERS