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Climate Full Notes

The document outlines key climatic controls such as latitude, altitude, and ocean currents, and their effects on India's climate, including the influence of the Himalayas and seasonal pressure shifts. It details the seasons in India, highlighting the characteristics of monsoon rainfall and its significance for agriculture and livelihoods. Additionally, it discusses rainfall distribution across the country and the reasons for variations in weather patterns.

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3 views2 pages

Climate Full Notes

The document outlines key climatic controls such as latitude, altitude, and ocean currents, and their effects on India's climate, including the influence of the Himalayas and seasonal pressure shifts. It details the seasons in India, highlighting the characteristics of monsoon rainfall and its significance for agriculture and livelihoods. Additionally, it discusses rainfall distribution across the country and the reasons for variations in weather patterns.

Uploaded by

sanganithyasri2
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Climate Chapter – Full 5-Mark Notes

(Complete coverage of every topic)

1. Climatic Controls:

• Latitude – temp decreases poleward.

• Altitude – temp decreases with height.

• Pressure & Winds – control rainfall & temp.

• Distance from Sea – maritime vs continental climates.

• Ocean Currents – warm/cold currents influence coasts.

• Relief – mountains block/allow winds; rain shadow areas.

2. Factors Affecting India’s Climate:

• Latitude – tropical + subtropical zones.

• Altitude – Himalayas block cold Central Asian winds.

• Pressure & Winds – seasonal pressure shifts cause monsoon.

3. Seasons of India:

Winter – NE trade winds, western disturbances, frost & snowfall.

Summer – Loo, dust storms, Kaal Baisakhi, mango showers.

Advancing Monsoon – SW monsoon, breaks, Mawsynram highest rainfall.

Retreating Monsoon – October heat, cyclones, TN winter rain.

4. Rainfall Distribution:

• Very high rainfall (>400 cm): Western Ghats, NE India.

• Very low rainfall (<60 cm): Rajasthan, Gujarat, Ladakh.

• East to West decreasing rainfall in Northern Plains.

5. Monsoon as a Unifying Bond:

• Agriculture, festivals, rivers, livelihood rely on monsoon.


• Rhythmic cycle of seasons across India.

6. Reasons (5-Mark Explanations):

• Rainfall decreases east→west: winds lose moisture.

• TN winter rainfall: NE monsoon + cyclones.

• Seasonal wind reversal: pressure shifts.

• Cyclones hit east coast: Bay of Bengal low-pressure systems.

• Rajasthan dry: leeward side + far from monsoon path.

7. Characteristics of Monsoon Rainfall:

• Irregular onset/retreat.

• Uneven distribution.

• Breaks in rainfall.

• Floods/droughts.

• Controls agriculture.

8. Winter Weather Conditions:

• Cool dry winds, clear skies.

• Western disturbances bring rain.

• Snowfall in Himalayas.

• Little temperature variation in peninsular India due to sea.

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