1.

SUM() — Total Sales

Sales (₹)
1200
1800
1500
2000
1300

Result 7800 =SUM(C6:C10)

2. AVERAGE() — Average ROI

ROI (%)
10
12
8
15
11

Result 11.2 =AVERAGE(C18:C22)

3. COUNT() — Count of Numbers

Data
45
"Text"
68
72
"Hello"

Result 3 =COUNT(C30:C34)

4. COUNTA() — Count of Non-Empty Cells

Data
45
"Text"

72
"Hello"

Result 4 =COUNTA(C42:C46)

5. MAX() — Highest Marks

Marks
65
88
72
91
85
Result 91 =MAX(C54:C58)

6. MIN() — Lowest Price

Price (₹)
230
180
250
300
200

Result 180 =MIN(C66:C70)

7. IF() — Pass/Fail

Student Marks
Aarti 78
Rahul 52
Neha 89
Arjun 45
Meera 66

Result Fail =IF(D81>=60,"Pass","Fail")

8. AND() — Loan Eligibility

Age Credit Score

22 750
19 680
28 800
24 620
30 700

Result TRUE =AND(C90>=21,D90>=700)

9. OR() — Offer Eligibility

Purchases Referral
3 0
1 1
0 0
5 0
0 1

Result TRUE =OR(C102>=2,D102=1)

10. PMT() — EMI Calculation

Loan Interest Tenure

₹ 1,00,000.00 10% 5 Years

Result ₹ 2,124.70 =PMT(D114/12,60,-100000)

 11. FV() — Future Value

Monthly SIP (₹) Period (Months)

1000 12

Result ₹ 12,000.00 =FV(E122/12,12,-1000,0,0)

12. PV() — Present Value

Future Value (₹) Rate

10,000 8%

Result ₹ 9,673.23 =PV(D130/12,5,0,-10000)

13. NPV() — Net Present Value

Year Cash Flow (₹)

1 2,000
2 3,000
3 4,000
4 4,500
5 5,000

Result ₹ 13,480.95 =NPV(10%,D138:D142)

14. IRR() — Internal Rate of Return

Year Cash Flow (₹)

0 -10,000
1 3,000
2 4,000
3 5,000
4 6,000

Result 25% =IRR(D150:D154)

15. ROUND()

Value
12.6789

Result 12.68 =ROUND(C162,2)

16. ABS()

Number
-4500
3200
-700

Result 4500 =ABS(C170)

 17. POWER()

Base Exponent
2 3

Result 8 =POWER(C180,D180)

18. SQRT()

Number
49
81
16

Result 7 =SQRT(C188)

19. RANK()

Marks
90
75
85
60
95

Result 2 =RANK(C198,C198:C202)

20. PERCENTILE()

Returns (%)
5
10
15
20
25
30

Result 25 =PERCENTILE(C210:C215,0.8)

21. AVERAGEIF()

Category Sales (₹)

Online 2000
Offline 1500
Online 3000
Offline 1000
Online 2500

Result 2500 =AVERAGEIF(C223:C227,"Online",D223:D227)

22. SUMIF()
 Product Sales (₹)
A 500
B 800
A 700
B 600
A 900

Result 2100 =SUMIF(C235:C239,"A",D235:D239)

23. VLOOKUP()

ID Name Marks
101 Aarti 80
102 Rahul 70
103 Neha 90

Result 70 =VLOOKUP(102,C247:E249,3,)

24. HLOOKUP()

A B C D
1 ID 101 102 103
2 Marks 85 70 90

Result 85

25. INDEX()

Product Price (₹)

A 100
B 200
C 300
D 400
E 500

Result 300 =INDEX(D266:D270,3)

26. MATCH()

Names
Aarti
Rahul
Neha
Arjun
Meera

Result 2 =MATCH("Rahul",C278:C282,0)

27. CONCAT()

First Last
Pooja Mehta
 Amit Singh

Result PoojaMehta =CONCAT(C290,D290)

28. TEXT()

Value
1234.56

Result ₹1,234.56 =TEXT(C299,"₹#,##0.00")

29. TODAY()

Result 11-11-2025 =TODAY()

30. IFERROR()

Value 1 Value 2
10 2
5 0
8 4

Result Error in calculation =IFERROR(C313/D313,"Error in calculation")

 Gant [Link] Solutions

Task Duration
Task ID Start Date End Date
Name (Days)
Topic
1 01-Nov-25 03-Nov-25 3
Selection
Literature
2 04-Nov-25 08-Nov-25 5
Review

Data
3 09-Nov-25 15-Nov-25 7
Collection
Data
4 16-Nov-25 21-Nov-25 6
Analysis
Draft
Report
5 22-Nov-25 26-Nov-25 5
Preparatio
n
Review &
6 27-Nov-25 29-Nov-25 3
Feedback
Final
Report
7 30-Nov-25 02-Dec-25 3
Submissio
n
Presentati
on
8 03-Dec-25 05-Dec-25 3
Preparatio
n

01-Nov-25 06-Nov-25 11-Nov-25 16-Nov-25 21-Nov-25 26-Nov-25 01-Dec-25

Topic Selection

Literature Review

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Draft Report Preparation

Review & Feedback

Final Report Submission

Presentation Preparation
Gopher Drugs Scenario Solutions
Development Cost 9.3 Million
Lifetime 20 years
Year 1 Margin 1.2 million
Increase through Year 8
Rate of Increase 10%
Rate of Decrease 5%
Discount Rate 12%

(Net) Present Value $ 12.60 =NPV(J9,I18:J37)

Development Cost $ 9.30
Net Present Value $ 3.30 =J11-J12

Cash Flows
End of year Gross margins ($M)
1 $ 1.20
2 $ 1.32 =I18+I18*$J$7
3 $ 1.45 =I19+I19*$J$7
4 $ 1.60 =I20+I20*$J$7
5 $ 1.76 =I21+I21*$J$7
6 $ 1.93 =I22+I22*$J$7
7 $ 2.13 =I23+I23*$J$7
8 $ 2.34 =I24+I24*$J$7
9 $ 2.22 =I25-$J$8*I25
10 $ 2.11 =I26-$J$8*I26
11 $ 2.00 =I27-$J$8*I27
12 $ 1.90 =I28-$J$8*I28
13 $ 1.81 =I29-$J$8*I29
14 $ 1.72 =I30-$J$8*I30
15 $ 1.63 =I31-$J$8*I31
16 $ 1.55 =I32-$J$8*I32
17 $ 1.47 =I33-$J$8*I33
18 $ 1.40 =I34-$J$8*I34
19 $ 1.33 =I35-$J$8*I35
20 $ 1.26 =I36-$J$8*I36
 Anscombe’s Quartet (mean, median, correlation)
x₁ y₁ x₂ y₂ x₃ y₃ x₄ y₄
10 8.04 10 9.14 10 7.46 8 6.58
8 6.95 8 8.14 8 6.77 8 5.76
13 7.58 13 8.74 13 12.74 8 7.71
9 8.81 9 8.77 9 7.11 8 8.84
11 8.33 11 9.26 11 7.81 8 8.47
14 9.96 14 8.1 14 8.84 8 7.04
6 7.24 6 6.13 6 6.08 8 5.25
4 4.26 4 3.1 4 5.39 19 12.5
12 10.84 12 9.13 12 8.15 8 5.56
7 4.82 7 7.26 7 6.42 8 7.91
5 5.68 5 4.74 5 5.73 8 6.89

Y1 vs X1 y = 0.5001x + 3.0001
12

10

8
Mean 8.250455
=AVERAGE(B4:B14,C4:C14)
6 Median 8.02
=MEDIAN(B4:B14,C4:C14)
Y1

Correlation 0.816421
=CORREL(B4:B14,C4:C14)
4

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
X1

Y2 vs X2 y = 0.5x + 3.0009
12

10 Mean 8.250455
=AVERAGE(D4:D14,E4:E14)
8 Median 8.44
=MEDIAN(D4:D14,E4:E14)
Correlation 0.816237
=CORREL(D4:D14,E4:E14)
6
X2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
X2

Y3 vs X3 y = 0.4997x + 3.0025
14
12 Mean =AVERAGE(F4:F14,G4:G14)
8.25
10 Median 7.635
=MEDIAN(F4:F14,G4:G14)
8 Correlation 0.816287
=CORREL(F4:F14,G4:G14)
Y3

6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
X3
 Y4 vs X4 y = 0.4999x + 3.0017
14
12
10
Mean 8.250455
=AVERAGE(H4:H14,I4:I14)
Median =MEDIAN(H4:H14,I4:I14)
8
8
Correlation 0.816521
=CORREL(H4:H14,I4:I14)
Y4

6
4
2
0
0 5 10 15 20
X4
 NCAA T shirt

Given: Case 1 Case 2

Costs: Number of shirts ordred: 1450 1650
Fixed $ 750.00 Demand: 1500 1500
Variable Revenue $ 8.00 Number of shirts sold(FP): 1450 1500
Full Price $ 18.00 Number of shirts sold(RP): 0 150
Reduced Price $ 6.00
Total Cost: $ 12,350.00 $ 13,950.00
Total Revenue: $ 26,100.00 $ 27,900.00
Total Profit: $ 13,750.00 $ 13,950.00
 Present Value (PV) Example
=PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type])

Scenario:

You expect to receive ₹50,000 after 5 years, and the annual interest rate (discount rate) is 10%.
You want to find out how much that future ₹50,000 is worth today .

Detail Value
Future
₹ 50,000 Result ₹ -31,046.07
Value (FV)
Years
5
(nper)
Interest
Rate 10%
(rate)
Payment
0
(pmt)

Future Value (FV) Example

=FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])

Scenario:

You plan to invest ₹5,000 every month for 3 years at an interest rate of 12% per annum (1% per month).
You want to know how much you’ll have at the end.

Detail Value
Monthly
Investme ₹ 5,000 Result ₹ -2,15,384.39
nt (pmt)
Months
36
(nper)
Monthly
Interest
1%
Rate
(rate)
Present
₹0
Value (pv)
 Questionnaire

Travel & Leisure Habits

Respondent ID Number of Trips Taken (per year) Average Travel Budget (₹) Preferred Mode of Travel Stress Relief from Travel (1–5) Satisfaction with Leisure Activities (1–5)
R1 2 15000 Train 4 5
R2 5 45000 Flight 5 4
R3 1 8000 Bus 3 3
R4 3 20000 Car 4 4
R5 4 30000 Flight 5 5
 Reliance Data, charts, trend lines, regression equation
EQY_WEIGHTED_AVG_PX
PX_LAST SALES_REV_TURN
IS_INC_BEF_XO_ITEM
TOTAL_INVESTED_CAPITAL
RETURN_ON_INV_CAPITAL
EQY_IND_DPS_ANNUAL_GROSS
IS_DIV_PER_SHR
OPER_ROE RETURN_COM_EQY
228.2222 228.91 2739990 298610 4361610 7.8215 2.4765 2.6004 18.7497 13.2184
243.5719 244.21 3053820 298330 4844340 7.1219 2.6004 2.7242 17.7646 12.0747
417.007 415.61 3916770 360800 5403520 8.1802 2.7242 2.9718 20.6093 12.9483
506.424 505.95 5692090 398370 7281180 8.1454 2.9718 3.2195 21.0453 11.633
688.2327 683.19 5975350 398800 8575970 7.5037 3.2195 3.2195 19.0304 9.3651
909.0736 904.33 4669240 537390 10954480 5.7963 3.25 3.5 10.1285 8.5181
1079.826 1078.72 6959630 695060 12196240 5.8803 3.5 4 10.8745 8.2053
1166.008 1160.28 8778350 745060 12221630 6.5551 4 4.5 13.5112 8.9212
1294.663 1292.47 9010640 790200 13433110 6.6723 4.5 5 15.0304 9.2253
1213.069 1215.45 9646930 813090 14625800 6.1838 5 5.5 13.891 8.5109

Average 774.6097 772.912 6044281 533571 9389788 6.98605 3.42424 3.72354 16.06349 10.26203
Median 798.6532 793.76 5833720 468095 9765225 6.8971 3.23475 3.35975 16.3975 9.2952
Maxima 1294.663 1292.47 9646930 813090 14625800 8.1802 5 5.5 21.0453 13.2184
Minima 228.2222 228.91 2739990 298330 4361610 5.7963 2.4765 2.6004 10.1285 8.2053

EQY_WEIGHTED_AVG_PX PX_LAST SALES_REV_TURN

1500 1500 12000000
10000000
1000 1000 8000000
6000000
500 500 4000000
2000000
0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

IS_INC_BEF_XO_ITEM TOTAL_INVESTED_CAPITAL RETURN_ON_INV_CAPITAL

900000 16000000 9
800000 14000000 8
700000 12000000 7
600000 6
10000000
500000 5
8000000
400000 4
6000000
300000 3
200000 4000000 2
100000 2000000 1
0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

EQY_IND_DPS_ANNUAL_GROSS IS_DIV_PER_SHR OPER_ROE

6 6 25
5 5
20
4 4
15
3 3
10
2 2

1 1 5

0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

RETURN_COM_EQY
14

12

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 Wood Works Bookshelf Company Solutions
Costs Cherry Oak
Unit Cost € 5.50 € 4.30
Board Feet 30 30
Material Cost € 165.00 € 129.00

Labour Required 16 16
Labour Rate € 18.50 € 18.50
Labour Cost € 296.00 € 296.00

Total Cost € 461.00 € 425.00

Cost Increases 2.40% 1.70% 1.50%

Year Cherry Oak Labour Total Cherry Total Oak

0 € 165.00 € 129.00 € 296.00 € 461.00 € 425.00
1 € 168.96 € 131.19 € 300.44 € 469.40 € 431.63
2 € 173.02 € 133.42 € 304.95 € 477.97 € 438.37
3 € 177.17 € 135.69 € 309.52 € 486.69 € 445.21
4 € 181.42 € 138.00 € 314.16 € 495.58 € 452.16
5 € 185.77 € 140.34 € 318.88 € 504.65 € 459.22

€ 600.00

€ 500.00

€ 400.00

€ 300.00

€ 200.00

€ 100.00

€-
0 1 2 3 4 5

Cherry Oak Labour Total Cherry Total Oak