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DIP Handwritten Style Notes Module1 2

The document provides an overview of Digital Image Processing (DIP) and its fundamental steps, including image acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation, representation, and recognition. It discusses spatial filtering techniques for image enhancement, highlighting linear and non-linear filters, and introduces specific methods such as the Laplacian high pass filter and unsharp masking. The content is structured into two modules focusing on image fundamentals and image enhancement techniques.

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3 views2 pages

DIP Handwritten Style Notes Module1 2

The document provides an overview of Digital Image Processing (DIP) and its fundamental steps, including image acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation, representation, and recognition. It discusses spatial filtering techniques for image enhancement, highlighting linear and non-linear filters, and introduces specific methods such as the Laplacian high pass filter and unsharp masking. The content is structured into two modules focusing on image fundamentals and image enhancement techniques.

Uploaded by

Children Academy
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Digital Image Processing & Machine Vision

(ECC603)
Handwritten-Style Exam Notes (Module 1 & 2)

MODULE 1: Image Fundamentals & Point Processing

1. Digital Image Processing:


Digital Image Processing is the manipulation of digital images using computer algorithms
to enhance image quality or extract useful information.

Need:
• Image enhancement
• Noise removal
• Medical & satellite imaging
• Machine vision & automation

2. Fundamental Steps in DIP:


1. Image Acquisition
2. Pre-processing
3. Segmentation
4. Representation & Description
5. Recognition & Interpretation

Diagram:
Image Acquisition → Preprocessing → Segmentation → Representation → Recognition

3. Distance Measures:
Euclidean Distance:
De = √[(x1−x2)² + (y1−y2)²]
City Block Distance:
D4 = |x1−x2| + |y1−y2|
Chessboard Distance:
D8 = max(|x1−x2|, |y1−y2|)
MODULE 2: Image Enhancement – Spatial Filtering

1. Spatial Filter:
A spatial filter operates directly on pixels using a mask.
Types:
• Linear filters
• Non-linear (order-statistic) filters

2. Linear Spatial Filtering:


Output pixel is weighted sum of neighborhood pixels.
g(x,y) = Σ f(x+i,y+j)h(i,j)

Mask Example:
[a b c]
[d e f] * Filter Mask
[g h i]

3. Laplacian High Pass Filter:


Second order derivative operator for edge detection.
Kernel:
0 -1 0
-1 4 -1
0 -1 0

4. Unsharp Masking & High Boost Filtering:


Unsharp Mask = Original − Blurred
High Boost: g(x,y) = A·f(x,y) − f_blurred
Steps:
1. Blur image
2. Subtract
3. Amplify
4. Add to original

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