Introduction to
learning
How we learn
You cannot learn something without storing it in some
form of memory for future use. From neuroscience, we
know that memories are encoded by physical changes in
the brain. In other words, your brain changes
physically whenever you learn anything, and your
brain continues to be moulded by experience and
learning throughout your life.
Each neuron has 10,000
connection to other neurons
O Change and learning
Definition of learning
O Learning is acquiring or getting of knowledge
of a subject or a skill by studying the
experience or instruction
O And
O A change in behavior as a result of experience
or practice.
Learning is an enduring change in
behavior, or in the capacity to behave
in a given manner, which results from
practice or other forms of experience.
Remember
O Knowledge
O Skills
O Attitude
Concept of learning
.Learning is a process, not a product.
However, because this process takes place in
the mind, we can only infer that it has occurred
from students' products or performances.
O 2- Learning involves change in knowledge,
beliefs, behaviors, or attitude
O 3- Learning is not something done to students
but rather something student themselves do
O 4- Learning endures over time.
O 5- . learning occurs through experience
PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING
O Students' prior knowledge can help learning)
O • How students organize knowledge influences
how they learn and apply what they know.
O Students' motivation determines, directs, and
sustains what they do to learn
O develop mastery, students must acquire component
skills, practice integrating them, and know when to
apply what they have learned.
O Students' current level of development interacts
with the social, emotional, and intellectual climate
of the course to impact learning.
O To become self-directed learners, students must
learn to monitor and adjust their approaches to
learning.
Factors affecting learning
O ➤A. Physiological Factors
O ➤b. psychological factors
O ➤c. Environmental factor>-
O A. Physiological Factors:
O Sense perception , Physical Health, Time of
learning
O Food and Drink , Atmospheric conditions, Age
O B. Psychological Factors:
O Mental Health, Motivation and Interest,
O Success, Praise and Blame, Rewards and
Punishment
O Attention Spans, Prior Knowledge
Environmental Factors
O Working conditions
O Organisational set-up
O Methodology of Instructions
O Timely Testing
Personal Characteristics and
Competencies of Effective Teacher
O Leader,
O Trainer,
O Reviewer,
O Consultant,
O listening and communication skills
O Emotional intelligence/ critical thinking
O Presentation skills,
O Motivation skills
The Educator's Role In Learning
O Assessing problems or deficits,
O Providing appropriate information and presenting it in
unique ways
O Identifying progress being made,
O Giving feedback and follow-up,
O Reinforcing learning in the acquisition of knowledge,
O Evaluating learners' abilities.
O The educator is vital in giving support,
O Provide assistance in choosing learning activities
Assessment of The Learner
O .1Learning needs
(what the learner needs to learn(
O .2Readiness to learn
O (when the learner is receptive to
learning(
O .3Learning style
O (how the learner best learns)
Readiness to learn
O Physical Readiness
O •Measures of ability
O Complexity of task
O Environmental effects
O Health status
Emotional Readiness
O Anxiety level
O Support system
O Motivation
O Risk-taking behavior
O Frame of mind (the here and now)
O Developmental stage
Knowledge Readiness
O Present knowledge base
O Cognitive ability
O Learning disabilities
O Learning styles
.3Learning styles
O Classification of learning style ( VARK)
O . 1Visual learners
O .2 Auditory learners
O .3 Kinaesthetic learners
O 4- Read and write
Six learning style principles
1. Both the style by which the teacher prefers to teach and the style
by which student prefers to learn can be identified.
2. Teachers need to guard against over teaching by their own
preferred learning Classification
3. Teachers are most helpful when they assist students in identifying
and learn through their own style preferences
4. Students should have the opportunity to learn through their
preferred style
5. Students should be encouraged to diversify their style preferences.
6. Teachers can develop specific learning activities that reinforce each
modality style
O DISCOVER your learning style
O When did you enjoy learning
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