XSTANDARD, BSS COMPILED BY- THEJASHWINI
X BIOLOGY
Define the following / Explain the following terms:
2025
1. Micturition - The act of passing urine out of the body.
2. Bio-medical waste Any waste generated in hospitals, clinic, or lab, research
centers, diagnostic centers is called biomedical waste.
Example: needle, syringe, dirty dressing, discarded medical tablets, discarded
biological research material
3. Vestigial organs -Vestigial organs are those organs th¡t have ceased to be of
any use to the possessor but still persist generation after geeration in a reduced
form.
4. Allele -Alternative form of agene occupying the satne pogition (locus) on the
homologouschromnosomes affecting the same characteristic
but in different
ways.
5. Exeretion - The process of removal of harmful metabolic nitrogenous waste from the
body.
2024
6. Thigmotropism - The growth movemen of plants in response to atouch
stimulus is called thigmotropisin
7. Diapedesis - The proces which leucorytes/WBCs squeeze out of wall of
capillary at the site @injury to ightaganstpathogens.
8. Hormone - HÍrtmoneisa seeretion of an endocrine gland which is poured into
the blood stream, acting on target organs/cells of the same individual.,
9. Ultrafiltraion The filtration of blood laden with nitrogenous wastes in the
glomeulus under high hydrostatic pressure is called ultrafiltration.
2023
10Active transportActive transport is the passage of asubstance (salt or ion)
from its lower to higher concentration, using energy from the cell, through a
living celmembrane.
[Link] density-The number of individuals per square kilometer at any
given time.
[Link] -The loss of water as water vapour from the aerial parts of the
plant is called transpiration. (or)
Evaporative loss of water from stomata / lenticles / leaves / stem
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STANDARD, BSS COMPILED BY -THEJASHWINI
[Link] action - An automatic/quick/immediate involuntary action in the body
brought about by a stimulus.
[Link] A sudden change in one or more genes/ in the number of
chromosomes/ structure of chromosomes.
15. Semi permeable membrane - A semi-permeable membrane is one which
allows the passage of molecules selectively. It allows a solvent /water
molecules to pass through it freely but prevents the passage of solute.
2022
16. Synapse - The point of contact or junction between the terminal branches of
the axon of a neuron with the dendrites of another neuron separated by a bne
gap.
17. Reflex action already answered
2021
18. Photosynthesis - Photosynthesis is the progess by whicaliving plant cells,
containing chlorophyll, produce food substance glucose and starch), from
carbon dioxide and water by using lght enerey.
19. Power of accommodation: Abihty to ad ust the focal length of the eye lens in
order to see objects at difference distancesclearly. (or)
The process of focusing the eye at different distances to perceivea clear image.
20. Transpiration - already answered,
[Link] - Each longitucnal halt of chromosome is known as chromatid.
22. Centromere he region ofaohromosome where the two sister chromatids remain
attached tÍ each othef
23. Guttation Lossofwater the form of droplets from the margin of the
leaveshydathodes ofleaves.
24. Osmosis Movement ofwater molecules from their region of higher
concentration dilute solution] to their region of their lower concentration [conc.
solution througn a semi-permeable membrane.
25. Serum -Blood plasma from which the protein fibrinogen has been removed.
2020
26. Allele -
27. Diffusion The free movement of molecules of a substance [solute, solvent,
gas, liquid,] from the region of their higher concentration to their region of
lower concentration when the two are in direct contact.
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XSTANDARD, BSS COMPILED BY -THEJASHWINI
28. Photolysis in photosynthesis -The process of splitting of water molecules into
H'ions (hydrogen ions) and OH (hydroxyl ions) or H* ions and oxygen in the
presence of light, chlorophylland grana during photosynthesis.
29. Phenotype -The observable characteristics which are genetically controlled.
30. Population density -
[Link] - Chemotropism is the phenomenon of the growth of plant
organs in response to chemicals.
32. Gestation - The full term of the development of the embryoin theuterus.
2019
33. Pollutant - Any constituent that harms the environment or deteriorates the
natural quality of air, water and soil.
34. Positive tropic movements in plants - The movement of the plant parts
towards the stimulus.
Examples:
Growth of shoots towards light
Growth of roots towards gravity
Growth of roots towards watep
[Link] tropic movements in plants- Re movement of the plant parts away
from the stimulus.
Examples:
Growth of roots away fromn lhght
Growth of shoots upwards and away from gravity
Growth of shoots aay from water
36. Dibybrid cross -ASross beween two parents taking alternative traits of two
differenlcharacters
37. ParthenocarpyDevelopment of fruits without fertilisation is called
parthenocarpy eg: grapes, watermelon, papaya
2018
38. Implantation -The fixing of the blastocyst to the wall of the uterus
(endometrium).
39. Gestation
40. Reflex action
41. Guttation
2017- Nil
2016
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XSTANDARD, BSS COMPILEDBY-THEJASHWINI
42. Transpiration -
43. Gestation -
44. Photosynthesis
45. Reflex action
46. Power of accommodation - Ability to adjust the focal length of the eye lens in
order to see objects at difference distances clearly.(or)
The process of focusing the eye at different distances to perceive aclear image.
47. Photophosphorylation -Conversion of ADP toenergy richeATP byaddition
of inorganic phosphate in the presence of light.
48. Hormone
49. Synapse
2015
50. Photosynthesis -
51. Transpiration -
52. Greenhouse effect-The warming up ofearth' ssurtace due to the
concentration /blanketing effect ofthe greenhouse gases like CO2, CH4, CFCS,
etc.
53. Turgor pressure - The pressure of the call contents on the cell wall is caused
due to turgor pressure.
54. Selective reabsorption Theprocessof reabsorption of water, glucose and
salts such as those ofSodiurn ironm th glomerular filtrate in the renal tubule to
the extent th¡t the normal concentration of blood is not disturbed.
55. Natality Bìrth rae-Nunber of live births per thousand population per year.
56. Pulse - The alternate expansíon and elastic recoil of wall of artery during
ventricular sy stole.
2014
57 Transpiration -
58. Osmosis
59. Reflex action
60. Monohybrid eross - A cross between two plants taking into consideration the
two alternative forms of a single characteristic features.
61. Bio-medical waste
62. Diapedesis -
63. Hormones -
64. Innate immunity- Not in syllabus
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XSTANDARD, BSS COMPILED BY - THEJASHWINI
2013
[Link] - Semen is a milky fluid which is the mixture of sperms and secretions
from seminal vesicle, prostate gland, cowper's and urethral gland
66. Osmosis
67. Genes - A specific part (DNA segments) of a chromosome, which determine
the hereditary characteristics.
68. Cytokinesis in plant cell -The division ofcytoplasm, a cell pBate appears in
the centre of the cell which divides the cell into two.
69. Diabetes insipidus - Adisorder caused due to hypo segretion under secretion)
with no sugar
70. Disinfectants
2012
71. Osmosis
72. Allele
ASHW0
of ADH (Vasopressin) from pituitary resulting in passage o
Not in syllabus
diluted urine
73. Pulse -
74. Reflex action -
75. Synapse
2011- Nil
2010
77. Antiseptic -not in sylabus
78. Hormones
79. Diffusion
80. Destarehed plant -A plant whose leaves are free from starch.
81.3emen
82Population density -
83. Natalhty
84. Osmnosis
85. Reflex action
86. Vaccination - Not in syllabus
87. Turgidity - The state of a cell in which the cell wall is rigid and stretched by
the increase in volume of vacuole due to absorption of water.
88. Bleeding in plants - Loss of water/cell sap from the injured part of plant.
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XSTANDARD, BSS COMPILED BY-THEJASHWINI
89. Cataract - A condition in which the lens turnopaque and the vision is cut
down even to total blindness.
2009
90. Natality -
91. Photolysis in Photosynthesis -
92. Antibiotic
93. Root pressure - Pressure developed in the roots due tocontinued inward
movement of water through cell to cell osmosis which helps&n the accent of
sap.
94. Parturition -The process of expelling the fully developet foetus trom he
uterus.
95. Monohybrid cross -
96. Gene
97. Phenotype
2008
98. Destarched plant
99. Phenotype -
100. Death rate / Mortality - The number of deaths per thousand of population
per year.
Power of accommodationof theeye
Natural immunity
103. Mutation
104. Homologous chromosomes-Apair of corresponding chromosomes of the
same shape and size, one obtained from each parent.
105. AÍeles -
106. Tropic hormone -
107. Guttation
108. Osmosis -
109. Stereoscopic vision - The ability of human eye to perceive the depth/
relative distance of an object and 3 dimensional view due to simultaneous
focusing of an object in both the eyes.
110. Mutation -
111. Reflex action
2006
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X
STANDARD, BSS COMPILED BY -THEJASHWINI
112. Population density -
113. Bleeding - LOss of blood from cut blood vessel in animals
Loss of water/cell sap from the injured part of plant.
114. Pulse rate - Recorded beat of heart felt along an artery per minute.
115. Photolysis -
116. Birth rate
117. Hypotonie solution -Solution whose concentration is less th¡n cell sap.
118. Nonbiodegradable - Substances that cannot be degraded/ broken down,
decomposed by microorganisms.
119. Antitoxin -
120. Asphyxiation
121. Diapedesis -
122. Immunity
123. Acid rain The various ways in whËchthe acid forned in the atmosphere
when gaseous pollutants like sulphur aioxida ana nitrogen dioxide combine
with moisture, condense and fallon the cath
124. Antibiotic
125. Homeostasis Homeostasis is the abiity to maintain the internal
environment constant in response to environmental changes.
2005
126. Plasmolysis Plasmolysis is contaction of cytoplasm from the cell wall
caused dueto withdrawal ot water when placed in strong (hypertonic)
solution.
127. Osmoregulation - The process of maintenance of salt and water balance in
the body,
128, Exocrine gland Glands which secrete their section into ducts which carry
them either to the body surface or to some internal body parts(target organs)
129. Gaseous polutant- Gases added to air, adversely affecting or altering its
natural quality
130. Tropic hormone - The hormones which stimulates other endocrine glands
to secrete their specific hormones.
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