TERM on Latin TERM on English

ala, ae f wing
angulus, i m angle
aorta , ae f aorta
apex, ĭcis m apex, tip
arcus, us m arch
arteria , ae f artery
atlas, antis m atlas
basis, is f base
brachium, i n shoulder
calcaneus, i m calcaneus, heel bone
caput, ĭtis n head
cavitas, ātis f cavity
concha, ae f shell
cornu, us n horn
corpus, óris n body, shaft
costa, ae f rib
cranium, i n skull, cranium
crista, ae f crest
crus, cruris n shin
digitus, i m finger
dorsum I n back
ductus, us m duct,
facies, ēi f face; surface
fibula, ae f fibule, fibula
foramen, ĭnis n opening, foramen
genu, us n knee
huměrus, i m upper arm, humerus
incisura, ae f notch, incisure
lamina, ae f plate
ligamentum, i n ligament
linea, ae f line
lingua, ae f tongue
mandibula, ae f mandible, lower jaw
manubrium, i n manubrium,
maxilla, ae f maxilla, upper jaw
meatus, us m passage, meatus
musculus, i m muscle
nasus , i m nose
orbĭta, ae f orbit
os, ossis n bone
patella, ae f patella, knee-cap, knee-pan
radius, i m radius, spoke-bone
rhaphe, es f (greek word) raphe
scapula, ae f scapula, shoulder blade
septum, i n septum
spina, ae f spine
sternum, i n sternum, breast bone
sulcus, i m sulcus, groove
sutura, ae f sutura
tuba, ae f tube
tuberculum, i n tubercle
tuberositas, ātis f tuberosity
tympanum, i n tympanum
ulna, ae f ulna
vena, ae f vein
vestibulum, i n vestibule, antrum
vertebra, ae f vertebra
dexter, tra, trum right
albus, a, um white
asper, era, erum rough
coronarius, a, um coronary
iliacus, a, um iliac
liber, era, erum free
longus, a, um long
niger, gra, grum black
obliquus, a, um oblique
osseus, a, um osseous, bony
palatinus, a, um palatine
profundus, a, um deep, profound
pterygoideus, a, um pterygoid, wing-shaped
rectus, a, um straight
ruber, bra, brum red
sacer, cra, crum (for sacrum sacred
(bone)
sinister, tra, trum left
thoracicus, a, um thoracic
thyreoideus, a, um thyroid
transversus, a, um transverse
venosus, a, um venous
zygomaticus, a, um zygomatic
alaris, e alar
articularis,e articular
cerebralis, e cerebral
cervicalis, e cervical
ethmoidalis, e ethmoidal
frontalis, e frontal
mandibularis, e mandibular
maxillaris, e maxillary
nasalis, e nasal
occipitalis, e occipital
orbitalis, e orbital
sphenoidalis, e sphenoid(al)
spinalis, e spinal
temporalis, e temporal
vertebralis, e vertebral
jugularis, e jugular
sacralis, e sacral
 calcaneus, i m calcaneus, heel bone
clavicula, ae f clavicle
condylus, i m condyle
fascia, ae f fascia
fibula, ae f fibule
fissura,ae f cleft
fonticulus, i m fontanelle
meniscus, i m meniscus
nasus, i m nose
nucha, ae f nucha
organum (organon), i n organ
palatum, i n palate
ramus, i m branch
segmentum, i n segment, section
squama, ae f squama, scale
talus, i m talus
tibia, ae f tibia, shinbone
tonsilla, ae f tonsil
ulna, ae f ulna
vestibulum, i n vestibule
anterior, ius front, anterior
auricularis, e auricular
bulbus, i m bulb
bulbus oculi eyeball
bursa, ae f bag, sac, bursa
cavus, a, um hollow
cerebellum, i n cerebellum
cerebrum, i n (large) brain
curvatura, ae f curvature
dorsalis, e dorsal
encephalon, i n brain
facialis, e facial
ganglion, i n ganglion
inferior, ius lower, inferior
laryngeus, a, um laryngeal
magnus, a, um large
major, jus major, large
medulla, ae f medulla
minor, us minor, small
nervus, i nerve
nodus, i m node
oculus, i m eye
parietalis, e parietal
parvus, a, um small
pharyngeus, a, um pharyngeal
pleura, ae f pleura
posterior, ius posterior
profundus, a, um deep
superior, ius upper
thymus, i m thymus gland, thymus
urethra, ae f urethra
vena portae portal vein
ventralis, e ventral
vesica, ae f bladder
cutaneus, a, um cutaneous
ischiadicus, a, um sciatic
latus, a, um wide
longus, a, um long
mastoideus, a, um mastoid
squamosus, a, um scaly, squamous
trapezoideus, a, um trapezoidal
urinarius, a, um urinary
colon, i n colon
duodenum, i n duodenum
gastricus, a, um gastric
hyoideus, a, um hyoid
hypoglossus, a, um hypoglossal
ileum, i n ileum, , twisted intestine
iliacus, a, um iliac
intestinum, i n Intestine, bowel
intestinalis, e Intestinal
maximus, a, um great, the greatest
minimus, a, um small, the least
mucosa, ae f mucous membrane
mucosus, a, um mucous, mucosal
oesophagus, i m esophagus
oesophageus, a, um esophageal
periton(a)eum, i n peritoneum
peritonealis, e peritoneal
rectum, i n rectum
anus, i m anus
analis, e anal
c(a)ecum, i n слепая caecum, blind gut
conjunctiva, ae f conjunctiva
flexura, ae f flexure
fundus, i m bottom
jejunum, i n Jejunum, empty intestine
ovarium, i n ovary
perin(a)eum, i n perineum
pylorus, i m pylorus
pyloricus, a, um pyloric
sacrococcygeus, a, um sacrococcygeal
stylopharyngeus, a, um stylopharyngeal
stylohyoideus, a, um stylohyoid
intestinum tenue small intestine
truncus, i m trunk
submucosus, a, um submucous
supremus, a, um highest
 tunica, ae f shell, tunic, membrane, sheath,
coat, layer
uterinus, a, um uterine
uterus, i m uterus, womb
vaginalis, e vaginal
ventriculus, i m ventricle of the heart or brain ;
stomach
[Link], tĭdis f (greek) carotis
appendix, īcis f appendix
articulatio, ōnis f articulation, joint
auris. is f ear
basis, is f (greek) base
cartilago, ĭnis f cartilage
cavitas, ātis f cavity
cervix, īcis f 1) neck 2) cervix (of the womb, urinary bladder)
cutis, is f skin
frons, frontis f forehead
[Link], tĭdis f (greek) parotis
meninx, ngis f (greek) maninx (usually meninges
pars, partis f part
radix, īcis f root
pelvis, is f pelvis
pelvis renalis renal pelvis
pyramis, ĭdis f (greek) pyramid
regio, ōnis f region
symphysis, is f (greek) symphysis
synchondrosis, is f (greek) synchondrosis
tuberositas, ātis f tuberosity
bilis, is f bilis
extremitas, ātis f extremity
impressio, ōnis f impression
iris, ĭdis f (greek) iris
lens, lentis f lens
phalanx, ngis f phalanx
pubes, is f pubes
axis, is m 1) axis 2) the 2nd cervical vertebra
canalis, is m chanel
dens, dentis m tooth
margo,ĭnis m border
sanguis, ĭnis m blood
tendo, ĭnis m tendon
coccyx, ȳgis m (greek) seu (or) os coccygis coccyx
fornix, ĭcis m fornix
larynx,ngis m (greek) larynx
pharynx, ngis m (greek) pharynx
thorax, ācis m (greek) thorax, pleural cavity
hallux, ūcis m big toe
pancreas, ătis n (greek) pancreas
vas, vasis n vessel
coccyx, ȳgis m (греч.) seu (или) os coccyges
abdomen, ĭnis n abdomen, belly
caput, ĭtis n head
corpus, ŏris n body
crus, cruris n crus, heel-bone
diaphragma, ătis n diaphragm
femur, ŏris n femur
foramen, ĭnis n foramen, opening
hepar, ătis n liver
nomen, ĭnis n name
occiput, ĭtis n occiput, back of the head
pectus, ŏris n pectus
stroma, ătis n stroma
tempus, ŏris n temple; time
zygoma, ătis n cheekbone
chiasma, ătis n chiasma
glomus, ĕris n glomus
systema, ătis n system
tegmen, ĭnis n tegmen
viscus, ĕris n (viscera) internal organs
ren, renis m kidney
lien, ēnis m spleen or splen, splēnis m (greek) spleen

alveolus, i m alveolus
ampulla, ae f ampoule
apertura, ae f aperture, opening
cavernosus, a, um cavernous
cellula, ae f cell
communis, e general, common
corticalis, e cortical
facialis, e facial
fibra, ae f fiber
fibrosus, a, um fibrous
folium, i n leaf
genitalis, e genital
gingiva, ae f gum
glandula, ae f gland
glandularis, e glandular
hepaticus, a, um hepatic
lumbalis, e lumbar
lymphaticus, a, um lymphatic
manus, us f hand
medulla oblongata (ae) oblongated marrow
nucleus, i m nucleus
nutricius, a, um nutritious
pectoralis, e pectoral (referring to the anterior
chest wall)
pelvicus, a, um pelvic
pelvinus, a, um pelvic
proprius, a, um proper
pulmonalis, e pulmonary
ramus, i m branch
recessus, us m recess
retinaculum, i n retainer
spatium, i n space
spinalis, e spinal
superficialis, e surface
supercilium, i n eyebrow
 accessorius, a, um accessory
brevis, e short
flavus, a, um yellow
glut(a)eus, a, um gluteal
gyrus, i m Gyrus, convolution
metacarpus, i m matacarpus
metatarsus, i m matatarsus
palpebra, ae f eyelid
plica, ae f fold
radialis, e radial
subcutaneus, a, um subcutaneous
ulnaris, e ulnar, cubital
arteriosus, a, um arterial
atrium, i n atrium
bronchus, i m bronchus
cardiacus, a, um с cardiac
comissura, ae f comissure, adhesion
generalis, e general
glandula suprarenalis glandula suprarenalis; adrenal
lobus, i m lobe
medulla ossium bone marrow
medulla spinalis spinal cord
medullaris, e medullary
paranasalis, e paranasal
sanguineus, a, um sanguineous; circulatory
stratum, i n layer, stratum
thalamus, i m thalamus, optic hillock
thymus,i m thymus gland, thymus
trachea, ae f trachea,windpipe
vagina, ae f vagina
carpus, i m wrist, carpus
lumbi, orum m loins (it is used in Latin only in
the plural)
membranaceus, a, um membranous
nodulus, i m nodule
opticus, a, um optic
peron(a)eus, a, um peroneal
fibularis, e fibular
valvula, ae f valve
vesica biliaris gall bladder

2 Term.

Tabuletta, ae f tablet
Dragées (French word, plural only) dragee
Capsŭla, ae f capsule
Granŭlum, i n granule
Pulvis, ĕris m powder
Pilula, ae f pilule
Suppositorium, i n suppository
Ampulla, ae f ampoule
Specĭes, ērum f species, tea
Membranula (lamella) ophthalmica ocular film
Solutĭo, ōnis f solution
Gutta, ae f drop
Infūsum, i n infusion
Decoctum, i n decoction
Tinctūra, ae f tincture
Suspensio, onis f suspension
Mixtura, ae f mixture
Sirūpus, i m syrup
Extractum, i n extract
Olĕum, i n oil
Emulsum, i n Emulsion
Linimentum, i n – liniment
Unguentum, i n – ointment
Emplastrum, i n plaster
Pasta, ae f paste
Aёrosōlum, i n aerosol; inhaler
aethylicus, a, um ethyl
amarus, a, um bitter
аqua, ae f water
concentratus, a, um concentrated
dilutus, a,um diluted
depuratus,a,um depurated
flos, floris m flower
fluidus, a, um fluid
folium, i n leaf
fructus, us m fruit
gemma, ae f gemma, bud
herba, ae f herb
isotonicus, a,um isotonic
oleum, i n oil
ophthalmicus, a, um ophthalmic, ocular
purificatus, a, um purified
radix, īcis f root
rhizoma, atis n rhizome
semen, ĭnis n seed
siccus, a, um dry
solubilis,e solubile
spiritus, us m spirit
spirituosus,a,um alcoholic
spissus,a,um thickened
 сortex, ĭcis m bark

PLANTS NAMES
Adonis vernalis (G.S. Adonidis vernalis, m/f) – Adonis vernalis , pheasant's eye, spring
pheasant
Belladonna, ae f Atropa belladonna
Convallaria, ae f officinalis – lily of the valley
Crataegus, i f – howthorn.
Digitalis, is f – foxgloves
Frangula, ae f – buckthorn
Hypericum, i n – St John's wort
Leonurus, i m – motherwort
Mentha, ae f piperita – peppermint
Rheum, i n – rhubarb, Rheum
Ricinus, i m – castor oil plant.
Salvia, ae f – sage
Valeriana, ae f officinalis – valerian
Urtica, ae f – nettle
Quercus, us f - oak
Hippophaё, ёs f – seaberry
Althaea, ae f – marshmallow
Aloё, ёs f – Aloe
Helianthus, i m – sunflower
Chamomilla,ae f - chamomile
Viburnum, i n - guelder rose, cramp bark
Eucalyptus, i f – eucalyptus
Millefolium, i n – yarrow
Calendula, ae f (officinalis) - pot marigold
MODUS MODUS MEANING
IMPERATIVUS CONJUNCTIVUS
Recĭpe --- Take
Da Detur Give / Let it be given
Signa Signētur Designate / Let it be designated
Misce Misceātur Mix. / Let it be mixed
Repĕte Repetātur Repeat / Let it be repeated.
Sterilĭsa! Sterilisētur! Sterilize!/ Let it be sterilized!
Da tales doses Dentur tales Give such doses in a quantity of
numero… doses numero… / Let such doses be given in a quantity of

spelling meaning Examples in LATIN

Therapeutic effect
-aesthes - anesthethics are drugs which Anaesthesinum
produce loss of sensitivity
-cain- local anesthethics relieve or prevent Ultracainum
pain in a particular area of the body
-alg- analgesics (painkillers) are agents Analginum
-dol- which act to relieve pain. They are Panadolum
divided into the opioids and non-
opioids.
-press- antihypertensives ; antihypertensives Apressinum
-tens- are a class of drugs that are used to Angiotensinamidum
treat hypertension (high blood
pressure).
-sulfa- sulfonamides or sulpha drugs used to Sulfadimezinum
inhibit the growth of bacteria and
developed from chemicals (sulfur)
-angi vasodilators - drugs that widen blood Angiotensinamidum
-vas vessels and are often used to treat Vasographinum
high blood pressure and angina
because the widening of the body's
blood vessels reduces the heart's
workload
-cid- antiparasitic, antimicrobic Streptocidum
-sed- sedatives. In small doses they cause Sedalginum
relaxation and calm, and may
produce sleep in large doses,
-sept antiseptics; Antiseptics are Mycoseptinum
antimicrobial substances that are
applied to living tissue/skin to reduce
the possibility of infection, sepsis, or
putrefaction.
-myc- antifungal drugs; An antifungal Mycoseptinum
medication, also known as
an antimycotic medication,
a pharmaceutical
fungicide or fungistatic used to treat
and prevent mycosis such
as athlete’s foot,
ringworm, candidiasis (thrush),
serious systemic infections such
as cryptococcal meningitis, and
others.
-pyr- antipyretics. Pyromecainum
An antipyretic (from anti- 'against'
and pyretic 'feverish') is a substance
that reduces fever.
Pyrogens. A pyrogen is a substance Pyrogenalum
that induces fever. In the presence of
an infectious agent, such as bacteria,
viruses, viroids, etc., the immune
response of the body is to inhibit
their growth and eliminate them. The
most common pyrogens are
endotoxins, which are
lipopolysaccharides (LPS) produced
by Gram-negative bacteria such as
E. coli. But pyrogens include non-
endotoxic substances (derived from
microorganisms other than gram-
negative-bacteria or from chemical
substances) as well. The types of
 pyrogens include internal
(endogenous) and external
(exogenous) to the body.
-vit- vitamins Quadevitum

-as- enzymes Desoxyribonucleasum

-chol- cholagogic (cholagogue) drugs, Allocholum

col- bile-expelling drugs Colestid
Effectual to specific organ
-cor(d)- heart, cardiotonic. A drug that has Cordaronum
-card(i a strengthening effect on the heart Cardiovalenum
or that can increase cardiac
output.
- eye medication Ophthalmoferonum
ophthalm-

-pancreat- pancreas medication, pancreatic Pancreatinum

enzymes (substances needed to Pancrealipasum
break down food so it can be
digested
-thyr- thyroid medication. This oral Thyrotropinum
medication restores
adequate hormone levels,
reversing the signs and symptoms
of hypothyroidism.
-trop- action aimed at Thyrotropinum
-ceph- antibiotics-cephalosporins. Cefazolinum Ceplex
(-cef-,- Cephalosporins are bactericidal Cephalexinum
cep-) and have the same mode of action
as other β-
lactam antibiotics (such as
penicillins)
-cillin- antibiotics-penicillins, derived Bicillinum
from moulds
-cyclin- antibiotics-tetracyclines Tetracyclinum
-mycin- antibiotics, derived from radiate Azithromycinum
fungi (which are called
Streptomyces)
Hormones
-test- male sex hormones or androgens Testosteronum
andr-
-ster- Androfortum
-oestr- female sex hormones: there are two Synoestrolum
natural female hormones -
oestrogen
and progesterone which in women
are secreted by the ovaries from
puberty
until the menopause
-cort(ic)- corticosteroids - drugs often Corticotropinum
refferred to simply as steroids, are
derived from or are synthetic
variants of the natural
corticosteroid hormones formed in
the outer part (cortex) of the
adrenal glands situated on the top
of each kidney

-glyc- sugar Corglyconum

gluc(os)- glucose Glycerinum
Glucosum
-haem(at)- blood;. Haemophobinum
-ichthy- containing the fossilized remains of Ichthyolum
fishes and marine animals
-phyll- plant leaf Platyphyllinum
the- tea; Theophyllinum;
god Theobroma (litterally
Gods’ drink)

Connections with mythology, literature

-morph– Connected with the name of an Apomorphinum
ancient god of sleeping - Morpheos
7. Morphemes including chemical data
-aeth- ethyl group aethylicus, a, um
Aether, eris m

meth- methyl group Methacinum

phen- phenyl group Phenobarbitalum
benz- benzene group benzoas, atis m
-az-, - nitrogen Norsulfazolum
(a)zol-, - Sulfadimezinum
zin-,
-zid-
-sulfa- sulphur; sulphonamides Sulfadimezinum
thi(o)- replacing sulphur atom Thiopentalum
Sulfathiozolum
phthor- fluorine compounds Phthoracizinum

yl- hydrocarbon or acid radical Acidum acetylsalicylicum

ox(y)- sour; oxygen Oxygenium
оxydum
hydr- water; hydrogen; fluid Hydrocortisonum
naphth- petroleum, oil Naphthalanum
barb- connected to barbituric acid, Barbamylum
sedatives
Capital letters in the parmaceutical terms and prescriptions:
It is necessary to use capital letters in Latin when you write:
1) Names of medications, substsances: Analgīnum, i n analgine; Sacchărum, i n sugar;
2) Names of medicinal plants and herbs: Chamomilla, ae f daisy; matricary, daisy wheel
3) Names of chemical elements: Calcium, i n calcium;
4) Prescriptional verbs : Misce Mix;
5) The beginning of every new prescriptional line;
6) The beginning of the product label : Tabulettae Analgīni tablets of analgine
Small letters in the parmaceutical terms and prescriptions:
It is necessary to use small letters in Latin when you write:
1) The names of the dosage forms in the middle of the pharmaceutical term: pulvis extracti
Belladonnae powder of belladonna extract;
2) The adjectives : Adonis vernalis spring Adonis;
3) The names of groups of oxides - oxўdum, peroxўdum, hydroxўdum : Zinci oxўdum
Zinc oxide;
4) The names of parts of plants in the middle of the term : Infusum radīcis Althaeae
infusion of althea root;
5) The names of anions of the salts: Magnesii sulfas Magnium sulphate;
6) Sentences with prepositions: contra tussim against cough.

Accusative prepositions:
ad up to; for
ad 200 ml up to 200 ml
аd usum extérnum for external use
аd usum intérnum for internal use

contra against
contra tussim cough remedy ( literally: against cough)

per by, through

per rectum per rectum, through rectum
per os per os, through mouth, orally
per se itself
Prepositions used with Ablativus:
cum with cum extrácto with extract
ex from еx témpore (lat.) when it is necessary
pro for рro dosi for dose (single dose)
рro die for day (daily dose)
рro infántibus for children
рro injectiónibus for injections
pro suspensionibus for suspensions
 рro narcósi (greek) for narcosis

Prepositions, used with Accusativus and Ablativus:

Prepositions -in in and sub- under requires 2 cases, depending on the question asked.
They are used only with Ablativus in pharmaceutical terminology.
in ampúllis in ampules
in cápsulis (gelatinosis) in (gelatinous) capsules
in tabuléttis (obductis) in (coated) tablets
in spritz-tubulis in syringe-tubes
in vitro in vitro, in glass tube
in vitro nigro in the dark glass
in vivo in vivo, in life testing
sub lingua sublingually (literally: under the tongue)
Recipe: Tabulettas “Citramonum” numero 10
Detur. Signetur
Take: Tablets “Citramon” in a quantity of 10
Let it be given. Let it be designated.

Recipe: Tabulettas “Quadevitum” obductas numero 25

Detur. Signetur
Take: Coated tablets “Quadevit” in a quantity of 25
Let it be given. Let it be designated

sign Latin name English name

Al Aluminium, i n alumin(i)um
Ag Argentum, i n silver
As Arsenicum, i n arsenic
Ba Barium, i n barium
Bi Bismuthum, i n bismuth
B Borum, i n boron
Вr Bromum, i n bromine
Ca Calcium, i n calcium
С Carboneum, i n carbon
CI Chlorum, i n chlorine
Cu Cuprum, i n copper
Fe Ferrum, i n iron
F Fluorum, i n seu Phthorum, i n fluor(ine)
I lodum, i n iodine
H Hydrogenium, i n hydrogen
Hg Hydrargyrum, i n seu Mercurium , i n mercury
К Kalium, i n seu Potassium , i n potassium
Li Lithium, i n lithium
Mg Magnesium seu Magnium, i n magnesium
Mn Manganum, i n manganese
Na Natrium, i n seu Sodium, i n sodium
N Nitrogenium, i n nitrogen
О Oxygenium, i n oxygen
Pb Plumbum, i n seu Saturnum, i n lead
Ph Phosphorus, i m phosphorus
S Sulfur, uris n sulphur
Zn Zincum, i n zinc

Names of oxides consist of two nouns: the name of chemical element in the Genetive case is
on the first place and the group name of oxide in the Nominative case is on the second place.
 The group name of oxide:
oxўdum, i n oxide
peroxўdum, i n peroxide
hydroxўdum, i n hydroxide

-aeth- ethyl group aethylicus, a, um

Aether, eris m
meth- methyl group Methacinum

phen- phenyl group Phenobarbitalum

benz- benzene benzoas, atis m

group
-az-, - nitrogen Norsulfazolum
(a)zol-, - Sulfadimezinum
zin-,
-zid-
-sulfa- sulphur; Sulfadimezinum
sulphonamides
thi(o)- replacing Thiopentalum
sulphur atom Sulfathiozolum

phthor- fluorine Phthoracizinum

compounds

yl- hydrocarbon Acidum acetylsalicylicum

or acid radical

ox(y)- sour; oxygen Oxygenium

оxydum

hydr- water; Hydrocortisonum

hydrogen; fluid
Aether, eris m ether
Aethylmorphinum, i n ethylmorphine
Aminazinum, i n aminazin
Amylum (i, n) Tritici Wheat starch
Anaesthesinum, i n anaesthesin
Atropinum, i n atropine
Benzylpenicillinum, i n benzylpenicillin
Cacao (нескл.) Cocoa
Camphora, ae f camphor
Chinosolum, i n chinosol
Chloroformium, i n chloroform
Codeinum, i n codein
Coffeinum, i n caffein
Coffeinum-natrii caffeine sodium benzoate
benzoas, Coffeini-natrii
benzoatis
Corazolum, i n corazol
Cordigitum, i n cordigit
Desoxycorticosteronum desoxycorticosteron
,in
Dimedrolum, i n diphenhydramine
Diprophyllinum, i n diprophyllin
Ephedrinum, i n ephedrine
Erythromycinum, i n erythromycin
Euphyllinum, i n euphyllin
Furacilinum, i n furacin
Furazolidonum, i n furazolidon
Glucosum, i n glucose
Hydrocortisonum, i n hydrocortison
Ichthyolum, i n ichthyol; ichthammol
Mentholum, i n menthol
Methylii salicylas, Methyl salicylate
Methylii salicylatis
Methyloestradiolum, i n methyloestradiol
Morphinum, i n morphine
Oleandomycinum, i n oleandomycin
Phenacetinum, i n acetophenetidin
Phenoxymethylpenicilli phenoxymethylpenicillin
num, i n
Phenylii salicylas, phenyl salicylate
Phenylii salicylatis
Phthoracizinum, i n phthoracizin
Saccharum, i n sugar
Synoestrolum, i n synoestrol
Tetracyclinum, i n tetracyclin
Theobrominum, i n theobromin
Theophyllinum, i n theophyllin
Thiaminum, i n thiamin
Validolum, i n validol
Vinylinum, i n vinylin
aethylicus, a, um ethylic
albus, a, um white
antiasthmaticus, a, um antiasthmatic
antidotum, i n antidote
aqua, ae f water
concentratus, a, um concentrated
dilutus, a, um dilute
depuratus,a,um purified (about solid and
semisolid substances)
flavus, a, um yellow
glycerophosphas, atis glycerophosphate
m
hydrotartras, atis m hydrotartrate
isotonicus, a, um isotonic
ophthalmicus, a, um ophthalmic
quantum satis as much as suffices
rectificatus,a,um rectificate
sirupus, i m syrup
solubilis, e solubile
thiosulfas, atis m thiosulphate
venenum, i n poison
final part of the adjective in final part of the adjective in Latin examples
English

-ic -icus, a, um hypertonic

hypertonicus, a, um
-ous/eous/ose -osus, a, um gangraenous
gangraenosus, a, um
-al -alis, e paradental
paradentalis,e
-ile -ilis, e senile
senilis, e

-genic/genous -genus, a, um cancerogenic

Last suffix has two cancerogenus, a, um
meanings:
1. forming, causing the
disease;
2. produced, caused
by disease

cancer-causing
cancerogenic
abscessus, us, m abscess, a collection of pus that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the
tissue in which the pus resides due to an infectious process or other foreign
materials (e.g., splinters, bullet wounds or injecting needles).
acutus, a, um acute (ache); urgent (not chronic)
chronicus, a, um Chronic(al)

tumor, oris m 1. tumour, tumor; 2. onc

benignus, a, um benign (bonus good + gignere, from γίγνομαι to take birth)

malignus, a, um malignant (malus bad + gignere, from γίγνομαι to take birth)

cancer, cri, m cancer (carcin-)

carcinoma, atis, n malignant tumour of epithelial origin; syn. cancer, cri, m

oedema, atis, n edema (from the Greek oídēma οἴδημα "swelling"), formerly known as
dropsy or hydropsy, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin
or in one or more cavities of the body that produces swelling.
trauma, atis, n injury, trauma (from Greek τραῦμα "a wound", compare verb τιτρώσκω
"I injure") is often a serious and body-altering physical injury.

glaucoma, atis, n glaucoma, it is an eye disorder in which the optic nerve is damaged,
permanently damaging vision in the affected eyes and progressing to
complete blindness if untreated.

cysta, ae, f [Link], it is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division on the
nearby
tissue. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. 2. urinary bladder.
The etymology of cysta derives from the Greek kustis (κύστις “bladder,
urinary bladder”).3. cyst- - morpheme to construct complete clinical terms:
e.g. cystoscopia cystoscopy (cyst-о- + Greek. skopeo visually examine) –
method of examining of urinary bladder inside with help of cystoscope.
cystosus, a, um cystous, cystic

diabetes, ae, m diabetes, (from the Greek diabaino (διαβαίνω “to run through, exhaust”), it
usually refers to diabetes mellitus a group of metabolic heterogeneous
group of diseases that only have in common the presence of excessive
urination.
diffusus, a, um diffuse, spread (from the Latin verb. diffundo – to diffuse, to spread)

cancerosus, a, um cancerous (general terms)

carcinomatosus, a, um cancerous

caries, ei, f caries, it is a progressive destruction of any kind of bone structure, including
the skull, ribs and other bones, or the teeth.
colica, ae, f – colic, it is a form of pain which starts and stops abruptly. Types include: baby
c., renal c., biliary c. etc. The etymology of colica derives from the Greek
colon (kόλον “large intestine”).
coma, atis, n coma (from the Greek koma κῶμα “deep sleep”) is a state of unconsciousness,
lasting more than 6 hours in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to
 respond normally to painful stimuli, light or sound, lacks a normal sleep-wake
cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions.
comatosus, a, um comatous

eczĕma, ătis, n eczema (from the Greek ēkzeo εκζέω "to boil over") is a form of dermatitis or
inflammation of the the outer layer of the skin.
fractura, ae, f fracture (break) (from the Latin verb frango to break; name of plant
Frangula, ae f buckthorn)
gangraena, ae, f gangrene. The etymology of gangrene derives from the Greek gangraina
(γάγγραινα), which means "putrefaction of tissues". It is a serious and
potentially life-threatening condition that arises when a considerable mass of
body tissue dies (necrosis). This may occur after an injury or infection, or in
people suffering from any chronic health problem affecting blood
[Link] primary cause of gangrene is reduced blood supply to the
affected tissues, which results in cell death. There are different types of
gangrene with different symptoms, such as dry gangrene, wet gangrene, gas
gangrene etc.
gangraenosus, a, um gangrenous

icterus, i, m jaundice, also known as icterus; attributive adjective: icteric, is a yellowish

pigmentation of the skin, the conjunctival membranes over the sclerae (whites
of the eyes), and other mucous membranes caused by hyperbilirubinaemia
(increased levels of bilirubin in the blood).
infans, ntis, m/f сhild

infantilis, e infantile

juvenilis, e juvenile

senilis, e senile, old

infectio, onis, f infection

inflammatio, onis, f inflammation (from Latin verb inflammare inflame, ignite, fire; Symptomata
inflammationis sunt rubor, tumor, calor, dolor et functio laesa Classic signs
of inflammation are: redness, tumour, fever, pain and function getting worse.
paralysis, is, f paralysis, a loss of muscle function in one or more muscles. Paralysis can be
accompanied by sensory loss in the affected area if there is sensory damage as
well as motor. The word comes from the Greek παράλυσις «disabling of the
nerves» ( from παρά para «beside, by» + λύσις lusis «losing» and that from
λύω luō «to lose»).
paralyticus, a, um paralytic

paresis, is, f paresis The term paresis comes from the ancient Greek: πάρεσις 'letting go'
from παρίημι 'to let go, to let fall'. It is a condition typified by a weakness of
voluntary movement, or by partial loss of voluntary movement or by impaired
movement. When used without qualifiers, it usually refers to the limbs, but it
can also be used to describe the muscles of the eyes (ophthalmoparesis),
the stomach (gastroparesis), and also the vocal cord. Neurologists use the
term paresis to describe weakness, and plegia to describe paralysis in which
all voluntary movement is lost.
pneumonia, ae, f pneumonia, an inflammatory condition of the lung —especially affecting the
microscopic air sacs (alveoli)—associated with fever, chest symptoms, and a
 lack of air space. Pneumonia is typically caused by an infection but there is a
number of other causes. Infectious agents include: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
parasites. The symptoms were described by Hippocrates (460 B.C. – 370 B.C.).
spasmus, i, m spasm, cramp, a sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle, group of
muscles, or a hollow organ, or a similarly sudden contraction of an orifice.
ulcus, eris, n ulcer, sore, a discontinuity of the skin or a break in the skin that stops it from
continuing its normal functions.
ileus, i, m bowel obstruction (or intestinal obstruction), a mechanical or functional
obstruction of intestines, preventing the normal transit of the products of
digestion.
varix, icis, m/f A varix (pl. varices) is an abnormally dilated vessel with a tortuous course.
Varices usually occur in the venous system, but may also occur
in arterial or lymphatic vessels
varicosus, a, um varicous

volvulus, i, m volvulus, a bowel obstruction with a loop of bowel abnormally twisted on itself
.

vulnus, ĕris n wound, a type of injury in which the skin is torn, cut or punctured. In vulnus,
ĕris n - wound, a type of injury in which the skin is torn, cut or punctured. In
pathology it particularly refers to a sharp injury damaging the dermis of the
skin.
hernia, ae, f [Link], a protrusion of an organ or fascia of an organ through the wall of
the cavity that normally contains it. 2. – cele morpheme to construct complete
clinical terms: e.g. meningocele - a problem where part of the meninges (= the
three layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord ) protrude
through the skull or backbone, causing a raised area under the skin.
hernialis, e hernial

greek morpheme
latin word meaning examples
kephal- caput, itis n head, relating
kephalometria
to head kephalometry (kephal- + from greek metreo to measure) is th
ceph- as radiography.
cephal-, cephalhaematoma (cephal- + haematoma) is a hemmorage of blood betwe
-cephalia of blood vessels crossing the periosteum.
cephalgia (cephal- + from greek algos – pain, ache) A distinctive syndrome o
cephalocele (cephal- + from greek kele –hernia) the term cephalocele, in a r
opening in the cranium, typically covered with skin or mucous membrane.
acephalia (а- absence + from greek kephale head) – absence of the head (as
malformed and usually nonviable fetus. abnormalcy, abnormality - an abnor

somat-, corpus, oris nbody somatometria somatometry (somat- + from greek metreo to make measure)
-soma head (mass and size).
chromosoma chromosome (chroma- coloured+ from greek soma) – literally

oste- os, ossis n bone osteologia остеология (oste- + from greek logos study of, process of study
morphology, function, disease, pathology, the process of ossification (from

acr-, membrum, i nlimb; acromegalia acromegaly (acro- + from greek megas, megalu great, big;) –
-acria initial symptom is typically enlargement of the hands and feet;

acr-, high, heightsacrophobia acrophobia (acro- + phobia) – a phobia of heights

-acria
r(h)achi- columna vertebralis
vertebral column
rhachitis (rachitis) rickets is a skeletal disorder that's caused by a lack of vi
and become prone to fractures and irregularities.
rhachischisis (rhachi- + Gr. σχίσις cleavage) –spina bifida. A congenital cl

spondyl- vertebra, ae f vertebra spondylodynia (spondyl- + gr. odyne pain) pain in a vertebra. Called also sp
cardi-, cor, cordis n heart cardiographia cardiography (cardi- + gr. grapho record) – diagnostic proc
cardium producing a cardiogram);
endocardium (endo- + gr. kardia heart) The lining of the interior surface o
stenocardia (sten- strict + gr. kardia heart; syn. angina pectoris), a contrac

cardi-, cardial partcardiostenosis

of stomach (cardi- + stenosis tightening) – tightening of the cardial part
cardium

arthr- articulatio, onis

joint
f arthralgia (arthr- + gr.. algos pain, ache) - pain in a joint

stomat- os, oris n mouth stomatologia stomatology (stomat- + gr. logos study of, process of studying
diagnostic of the mouth
gloss-, -glossia
lingua, ae f tongue glossitis (gloss- + itis inflammation) – inflammation of tongue;
aglossia (aglossia; а- + gr. glossa tongue) - a rare head and neck malforma
rhin- nasus, i m nose rhinogenus rhinogenic (rhin- + gr. -genes originating in) - originating in o
rhinoplastica rhinoplasty (rhin- + plastica) : Plastic surgery on the nose, kn
platyrrhinia platyrrhine (gr. platyrrhinos flat-nosed) - 1. Characterized by
2. Denoting a skull with a nasal index between 53 and 58.

odont- dens, dentis mtooth, teeth оdontogenus оdontogenic – of or relating to the development of teeth; spe
odontalgia (odont- + gr. algos pain;) - pain in a tooth due to the condition o
endodontia endodontics (end- + gr. odus, odontos tooth) - a field of dentistr
prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and injuries in these tissue
cheir-, chir, manus, us f hand acheiria (а- + gr. cheir hand) - 1. Congenital absence of one or both hands
-cheiria, chirurgia surgery (gr. cheirurgia, cheir hand + ergon action, operation) -
-chiria treatment based on such medicine, typically involving the removal or rep
рod-, -podia pes, pedis m foot podalgia ( gr. pus, podos foot+ algos pain) - pain in the foot

gon- genu,us n knee gonitis (gon- + -itis) - inflammation of the knee;

gonarthrosis (gr. gon + arthrosis) - degenerative damage of the cartilage ti

Greek morphemes meaning examples

-logia study of, process of studying of... biologia biology (bios - life) – the study of living
organisms, divided into many specialized fields that
cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy,
behaviour, origin, and distribution.
-log- relating to the speech disorders logopathia logopathy (log- + gr. pathos disease
process, suffering) – a disorder of speech of any kind;
logopaedia (log- + gr. paideia treatment) the science
that studies speech defects and their treatment;
logophobia (log- + phobia) – an irrational or
disproportionate fear of words;
-scopia process of instrumental examining; rhinoscopia rhinoscopy (rhin- + gr. skopeo examine) –
process of visually examining examination of the nasal passages;
endoscopia endoscopy (end- + gr. skopeo examine) – a
 procedure in which an instrument is introduced into
the body to give a view of its internal parts;
-metria-, -metr- process of measuring craniometria craniometry (crani- + gr. metreo to
make measurement) the scientific measurement of
skulls, especially in relation to craniology;
oncometria oncometry (onc – volume + gr. metreo to
make measurement) – the measurement of variations
in size of internal organs;
-graphia- process of recording arthrographia arthrography (arthr- + gr. grapho
write, record) – the radiographic visualization of a
joint (as the hip or shoulder) after the injection of a
radiopaque substance;
cardiographia cardiography (cardi- + gr. grapho
write, record) – the use of a machine to record the
beating of the heart
-gramma record cardiogramma cardiogram (cardi- + gr. gramma
record) 1) The curve traced by a cardiograph, used in
the diagnosis of heart disorders; 2) a record of muscle
activity within the heart made by a cardiograph
-therapia curative treatment by different meanings psychotherapia psychotherapy (psych- + therapy) –
treatment of mental or emotional disorder or of
related bodily ills by psychological means;
hirudotherapia hirudotherapy (lat. hirudo leech +
therapy;) the use of leeches for medical therapy.
-nos- disease nosologia (gr. nosos 'disease', and -logia 'study of-')
nosology – a classification or list of diseases;
anthroponoses (gr. “anthrópos” = man, “nosos” =
disease) are diseases transmissible from human to
human. Examples include rubella, smallpox,
diphtheria, gonorrhea, ringworm (Trichophyton
rubrum), and trichomoniasis.
path-, -páthia mood(in psychology, psychiatry); Apathia apatheia (Greek: ἀπάθεια; from a- "without"
emotion and pathos "suffering" or "passion") freedom or
release from emotion or excitement
-pathía disease process; suffering cardiomyopathia cardiomyopathy (cardi + gr. mys,
myos muscle + pathos "suffering" ; syn. cardiopathy)
– a disease in which the muscle of the heart is
much thicker, bigger, or stiffer than normal.
*-páthia methods of treatment allopathia allopathy - a system of medical practice
that aims to combat disease by use of remedies (as
drugs or surgery) producing effects different from or
incompatible with those produced by the disease being
treated — compare homeopathy. Contraria contrariis
curantur - Contraries are cured with contraries. The
motto of traditional medicine – allopathy;
homeopathia homeopathy - a system of
complementary medicine in which ailments are
treated by minute doses of natural substances that in
 larger amounts would produce symptoms of the
ailment. Similia similibus curantur -The similiar is
treated with the similiar. This is a principle of
homeopathy, based on treating an illness with the
means which are able to subject a healthy person to
the same [Link] principle was offered by the
German physisian Ganeman in 1790.
-algesia- pain sensivity hyperalgesia (hyper- + gr. algesis pain sensivity) An
increased sensitivity to feeling pain and an extreme
response to pain.

-alg, -algia pain Analginum – alg- analgetic medication

often) cardialgia (cardi- + gr. algos pain) Heartburn, also
known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, is a
burning sensation in the central chest or upper
central abdomen;
-odynia (seldom) spondylodynia (spondyl-- + gr. odyne pain ) pain in a
vertebra.
mastodynia (mast- + + gr. odyne pain ) pain in the
breast — called also mastalgia.
-genesis formation, condition of producing; osteogenesis (oste-- + gr. genesis formation and
origine development )–the formation and development of
bony tissue

1. –itis, itĭdis f – inflammation.

2. –oma, atis n –tumour, mainly.
3. –ōsis, is f: a) non-inflammative disease b) with blood cells –cytosis means «a slight increase

of circulating blood cells». c) with names of tumours –omatosis means «multitude, a great
number of tumours». d) process or its result.
4. –iasis, is f : a) abnormal condition, illness. b) similarity. c) –lithiasis – stone formation or
disease involving a stone.
5. –ismus, i m: a) poisoning. 5. –ismus, i m: a) poisoning. c) disorder. d) doctrine, principles,
cause.
6. –ia, ae f: condition or process.

Greek preffixes Latin Meaning Examples

preffixes

endo-, ento- intra-, intro- in(-to), internal membrane endometrium – internal uterus membrane;
entoderma – internal folium of trilayer
germ
intraosseus, a, um - intraosseous
ecto-, exo- extra-, extro extra, out, outside ectoderma – external folium of trilayer
germ; exoglossia – tongue enlargement,
when the tongue abnormally sticks out of
the mouth
extrarenalis, e - extrarenal
hyp(o)- infra-, sub- below, below norm hypogastrium – region below the
stomach, hypogastrium
hypotonia – tone below the norm
submandibularis,e - submandibular
hyper- super-, supra- above, high above norm hypertonia – tone high above the norm
epi- epigastrium - region above the stomach
meta- post- [Link] 1 metencephalon – back part of the brain
[Link] into, develope into [Link]– transformation of one
form into another
meso- inter- [Link], in the middle of [Link] – middle germ folium,
[Link] part (fold) with
middle of one organ [Link] – mesocolon
peri- circum- [Link] [Link] – serous tunic of the
[Link] + organ: serous tunic;uterus;
capsule, fibrous capsule [Link] - inflammation of the
kidney fibrous capsule
para- circum- [Link] [Link] parotis – around the ear
2.pаrа + organ: cellulose glandule
around the organ [Link] – inflammation of the
[Link] similarity, deviation cellulose around the kidney
from the norm [Link] – false sensation
syn-, sym-(before con- together, with syndactylia - fingers growing together
consonant b, p), symbiosis – living together, together
sy- (joint, combined) existence of two
organisms
systola (from the Greek σίστολη)- an
ancient medical term first understood as a
gathering and later contraction of the
heart. Recently it is understood as a force
that drives blood out of the heart. Without
qualifiers, it usually means the
contraction of the left ventricle.
anti- contra- against antidotum – antidote, remedy against
poisoning
en, em- in, im- in, inside encephalon – (inside the head) brain
embolismus (from the Greek ἐμβολισμός
"insertion") is the event of lodging of an
embolus (a detached intravascular mass
capable of clogging arterial capillary beds
at a site far from its origin) into a narrow
capillary vessel of an arterial bed which
causes a blockage (vascular occlusion) in
a distant part of the body
a(n)- in- absense, negotiation analgesia – removal or absense of the
pain sensivity
immobilis,e - immobile
dys- functional disorder, difficultydystonia – tone disorder
or breach
eu- normal, correct functioning eupnoё – normal breath
Greek morphemes Latin word Meaning Examples
splanchn- viscera pl. internal organs splanchnologia splanchnology
(splanchn- + Greek logos study of) - the
scientific study of the viscera and its
organs.

gastr-, -gastria gaster, tris f stomach gastritis is a general term for a group of
conditions with one thing in common:
inflammation of the lining of the
stomach.
hypogastrium (also called the
hypogastric region or suprapubic
region) is a region of the abdomen
located below the umbilical region. The
pubis bone constitutes its lower limit.
The roots of the word hypogastrium
mean "below the stomach"; the roots of
suprapubic mean "above the pubic
bone".
ventriculus,i m (mostly ventricle of heart, or larynx,
in anatomy) brain; stomach
ventricul- (in the ventriculitis - the inflammation of the
clinical terminology ependymal lining of the cerebral
mostly ventricle of the ventricles, usually secondary to
brain) infection
ventriculotomia ventriculotomy
(ventricul- + Greek tome incision) -
surgical incision of a ventricle
enter- intestinum,i n intestine enteropathia enteropathy (enter- +
intestina pl. Greek pathos suffering) - any condition
intestinum tenue small intestine that causes triggers structural or
functional defects of the small
intestine;
enterorrhagia (enter- + Greek. rrhagia
bleeding) bleeding from the intestine;
dysenteria (dys- + entera intestine) - a
disease characterized by severe
diarrhea with passage of mucus and
blood and usually caused by infection.
col- intestinum crassum large intestine, colon colostomia colostomy (col- +Greek
colono- stoma opening) - an opening into the
colon from the outside of the body;
colonoscopia colonoscopy (colon-- +
Greek skopeo examine ) - examination
of the inside of the colon using a
colonoscope, inserted into the rectum.
gastroenterocolitis (gastr- + Greek
entera intestine + kolon + -itis) - a
 condition characterized by
inflammation of the stomach, small
intestines, and colon.
typhl- caecum,i n blind gut typhlectasia (typhl- + Greek ektasis
dilation, widening) – dilation of (blind
gut)
caecum;
typhlospasmus (typhl- + Greek
spasmos spasm) – spasm of caecum
(blind gut)
proct- rectum,i n rectum proctologia proctology (proct- + Greek
logos study of) - a branch
of medicine dealing with the structure
and diseases of the anus, rectum, and
sigmoid colon;
proctoscopia proctoscopy (proct- +
Greek skopeo examine) = roctoscopy is
a common medical procedure in which
an instrument called a proctoscope
(also known as a rectoscope, although
the latter may be a bit longer) is used to
examine the anal cavity, rectum, or
sigmoid colon.
lapar- abdomen,inis n belly, abdomen laparocentesis (lapar- + Greek kentesis
venter,ntris m puncture) is a form of body fluid
sampling procedure, generally
referring to peritoneocentesis (also
called paracentesis or abdominal
paracentesis) in which the peritoneal
cavity is punctured by a needle to
sample peritoneal fluid.
pneumon-, pulmo,onis m lung pneumonia (pneumon- lung ) - an
pneum- infection that inflames the air sacs in
one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill
with fluid or pus (purulent material),
causing cough with phlegm or pus,
fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A
variety of organisms, including
bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause
pneumonia.
pneumonectomia (pneumon- + ectomy;
syn.: pneumectomia, pulmonectomia,
pulmectomia) - pneumonectomy is a
type of surgery to remove one of your
lungs because of cancer, trauma, or
some other condition. You have two
lungs: a right lung and a left lung.
nephr- ren, renis m kidney nephroptosis (nephr- + Greek ptosis
ptosis, prolapse) - abnormal mobility of
the kidney : floating kidney.

splen- lien,enis m spleen splenomegalia splenomegaly (splen- +

Greek megas, megalu large) - abnormal
enlargement of the spleen;
splenorrhaphia splenorrhaphy (splen-
+ Greek rhaphe suturing) - suture of a
ruptured spleen
pyel- pelvis renalis renal pelvis pyelonephritis (pyel- + Greek nephros
kidney + -itis) - inflammation of the
kidney and renal pelvis, usually due to
a bacterial infection that has ascended
from the urinary bladder.
cyst- vesica,ae f sac, cystoscopia cystoscope (cyst- + Greek
vesica urinaria urinary bladder skopeo examine) - examination of the
bladder and urethra using a cystoscope,
inserted into the urethra.
A cystoscope is a thin, tube-like
instrument with a light and a lens for
viewing.
cystolithiasis (cyst- + Greek lithos
stone + -iasis) - he presence of stones
(calculi) in the urinary bladder. The
stones cause pain, the passage of
bloody urine, and interruption of the
urinary stream and should be removed
surgically.
cholecyst- vesica biliaris gallbladder cholecystographia cholecystography
(cholecyst- + Greek grapho write) - X-
ray examination of the gall bladder,
used especially to detect the presence of
gallstones;
cholecystitis (cholecyst- + -itis) -
inflammation of the gallbladder;
cholecystectomia cholecystectomy
(cholecyst- + ectomia removal) - a
surgical procedure to remove your
gallbladder — a pear-shaped organ
that sits just below your liver on the
upper right side of your abdomen. Your
gallbladder collects and stores bile — a
digestive fluid produced in your liver.
dacryocyst- saccus lacrimalis lacrimal sac dacryocystitis ( dacryocyst + -itis) -
inflammation of the lacrimal sac.

choledoch- ductus choledochus common bile duct сholedochotomia choledochotomy

(choledoch- + tomia) - a surgical
operation in which the common bile
duct is opened, to search for or to
remove stones within it.
metr-, -metra, - uterus,i m womb, uterus - metrorrhagia (metr+ Greek rhagos) –
metrium in therapy irregular uterine bleeding especially
between menstrual periods.;
endometrium (endo- + Greek metra
hyster- womb, uterus uterus) - the mucous membrane lining
– in surgery the uterus
hysteroptosis (hyster- + Greek ptosis
prolapse - prolapse of the uterus;
hysterorrhaphia hysterorrhaphy
(hyster- + греч. rhaphe suture) - a
suturing of an incised or ruptured
uterus.
omphal- umbilicus,i m umbilicus omphalitis (omphal- + -itis) -
inflammation of the umbilicus and
surrounding parts.

cholangi- ductus biliferi bile ducts cholangitis (chol- + Greek angeion

vessel + -itis) - inflammation of one or
more bile ducts —called also
angiocholitis.
cholangioenterostomia (cholangi- +
Greek enteron intestine + stoma
opening)– surgical anastomosis of a
bile duct to the intestine

colp- vagina,ae f vagina сolpitis (colp- + -itis) - inflammation of

the vagina
tendovaginitis (tendo + in anat.. vagina
+ -itis) - inflammation of a tendon and
its enveloping sheath. Synonym(s):
tendinous synovitis,
tendosynovitis, tendovaginitis,
tenovaginitis. [teno- + synovia + G. –
itis)
invaginatio intestinorum in
intussusception, the portion of intestine
that has been invaginated within
another part
oophor- ovarium,i n ovary oophoritis (oophoron ovary + -itis) -
Inflammation of the ovary, or egg sac
oo- ovum,i n ovary, egg – female sex cell оо- (Greek oon egg) – morpheme with
the meanings egg or relating to ovary
salping- tuba uterinа; salpinx, fallopian tubes; salpingographia salpingography
tuba auditiva auditory tube (salping + Greek grapho write) -
visualization of a fallopian tube by
radiography following injection of an
opaque medium;
salpingoscope - a device for examining
the nasopharynx and the eustachian
tube.
trachel- cervix, icis f (uteri) cervix (uteri) trachelorrhaphia (Greek trachelos
cervix + rrhaphia – the operation of
sewing up ) – the operation of sewing
up a laceration of the uterine cervix
orchi-, orchidi-, - testis, is m testis, testicle anorchia (an- + Greek orchis testis;
orchidia, -orchia also called anorchidism or anorchism) -
the congenital absence of one or more
testes;
synorchidia (syn-- + Greek orchis
testis) - a condition of testicles (being)
together;
cryptorchidismus (crypt-hide + + Greek
orchis testis; also called cryptorchidia,
retentio testis) -a condition in which
one or both testicles fail to move from
the abdomen, where they develop
before birth, down into the scrotum
Compare, in the Roman low: unus
testis, nullus testis – the only witness is
not a witness (omonymes: testis, is m/f
– witness and testis, is m testis, testicle)

Greek morphemes
(without Latin dublet)

Greek morphemes Meaning Examples

-iater, -iatria physician, paediatria pediatry (paed- + Greek iatreia cure, treatment) -
iatro- cure of disease the branch of medical science concerned with children and
their diseases;
iatrogenia (Greek iatros physician + -genes caused by) -
inadvertent and preventable induction of disease or
complications by the medical treatment or procedures of a
physician or surgeon.
-ectasia dilation, stretchening, gastrectasia (gastr- + Greek ektasis dilation, stretchening) -
ectasia of the hollow dilation of the stomach;
NB! –ectasis (used seldom) organ bronchoectasis (bronch + Greek ektasis dilation, stretchening)
- permanent abnormal widening of the bronchi (air tubes that
branch deep into the lungs).

-ptosis prolapse, drooping, hepatoptosis (hepato- + Greek ptōsis, a falling) - a downward

falling displacement of the liver. Synonym(s): wandering liver.
ptosis (Greek ptōsis, a falling; also called blepharoptosis) - a
NB! ptosis, is f sagging or prolapse of an organ or part; especially : a
drooping of the upper eyelid
sten-, -stenosis tightening, stricture stenocardia (sten- + Greek kardia heart; also called angina
pectoris) -disease marked by brief sudden attacks of chest
pain or discomfort caused by deficient oxygenation of the
heart muscles usually due to impaired blood flow to the heart;
angiostenosis (angi + stenosis) - the narrowing of one or
more blood vessels.
scler-, -sclerosis 1) hard , hardening arteriosclerosis (arteria + sclerosis) - a chronic disease
characterized by abnormal thickening and hardening of the
arterial walls with resulting loss of elasticity;
osteosclerosis (oste- + sclerosis) - abnormal hardening of
bone or of bone marrow.;
2) relating to eye sclerasclerodermia (scler- + Greek derma skin; also called
scleroderma) - is a rare disease that involve the hardening
and tightening of the skin and connective tissue
sclerotomia sclerotomy (scler- + Greek tome incision,
cutting) - surgical cutting of the sclera
-malacia softening osteomalacia (oste- + Greek malakia softening) - a disease of
adults that is characterized by softening of the bones and is
analogous to rickets in the young
-lysis, -lyt- 1) destruction; osteolysis остеолиз (oste- + греч. lysis dissolution) -
dissolution dissolution of bone especially when associated with
2) surgical eliminationresorption.
of comissures, scars, pneumolysis пневмолиз pneum, pneumon+ греч. lysis
hems surgical elimination) - either of two surgical procedures to
permit collapse of a lung: a : separation of the parietal pleura
from the fascia of the chest wall. — called also
extrapleural pneumonolysis. b : separation of the visceral and
parietal layers of the pleura. — called also
intrapleural pneumonolysis.
-plastica surgical repair cystoplastica cystoplasty (cyst-+ plastica) - plastic surgery on
the urinary bladder.;
blepharoplastica blepharoplasty (blephar- + plastica) plastic
surgery on an eyelid especially to remove fatty or excess tissue

tomo- lay of the organ nephrotomographia nephrotomography (nephr+ tomography)

- tomographic visualization of the kidney usually combined
with intravenous nephrography
-tomia incision (cut) into nephrotomia nephrotomy (nephr- + Greek tome incision (cut)
into) - incision into a kidney (usually to remove a kidney
stone
-ectomia excision, surgical nephrectomia nephrectomy (nephr- + ectomia) - surgery to
removal remove all or part of the kidney, for example, because of
cancer.;

-stomia 1) a new opening in a nephrostomia nephrostomy (nephr- - + Greek stoma an

hollow inside internal opening) - the surgical formation of an opening between a
organ; renal pelvis and the outside of the body.
2) anastomosis – a new gastroduodenostomia gastroduodenostomy (gastr- +
surgical connection duodenum+ stoma an opening) – surgical formation of a
between two hollow passage between the stomach and the duodenum.
organs or fibers.
-pexia fixation gastropexia gastropexy (gastr- + Greek pexis fixation) - a
surgical operation in which the stomach is sutured to the
abdominal wall.
-rrhaphia making a suture hepatorrhaphia hepatorrhaphy(hepat- + Greek rhaphe
suture) - suture of a wound or injury to the liver.
-schisis splitting cranioschisis (crani- + Greek schisis splitting) - a congenital
fissure of the skull;
thoracogastroschisis (thorac- + Greek gaster, gastros
abdomen + schisis fissure, splitting) - a congenital
developmental defect in which the body wall fails to close
properly along the midline of the front of the thorax and
abdomen allowing protrusion of the viscera
NB! schizophrenia (schiz- + Greek phren mind; also called
dementia praecox) - a mental illness that is characterized by
disturbances in thought (such as delusions), perception (such
as hallucinations), and behavior (such as disorganized speech
or catatonic behavior), by a loss of emotional responsiveness
and extreme apathy, and by noticeable deterioration in the
level of functioning in everyday life
-centesis puncture paracentesis (Greek kentesis puncture; also called
laparocentesis, punctio abdominalis, punctio abdominis) - a
form of body fluid sampling procedure, generally referring to
peritoneocentesis (also called laparocentesis or abdominal
paracentesis) in which the peritoneal cavity is punctured by a
needle to sample peritoneal fluid.

WINGED WORDS
Ab óvo From beginning (literally “from the egg”)
Álea iácta ést The die has been cast
Áliis inserviéndo consúmor Consumed in the service of others
Árbor vitae literally ‘tree of life’, originated from the mid 16th century
from Latin, probably with reference to its medicinal use ( in
cerebellum)
Audiátur et áltera párs Let the other side be heard;
It embodies the concept in Criminal
Law that no person should be condemned unheard; The no
tion that an individual, whose life, liberty, or property are in
legal jeopardy, has the right to confront the evidence agains
 t him or her in a fair hearing is one of the fundamental prin
ciples of Constitutional
Law in the United States and England.
Áurea mediócritas The golden mean : the moderate course
Aut Caesar, aut nihil. Either a Caesar or nothing: either Emperor or nothing: all or
nothing.
Cárpe diem. Seize the day
Consénsus ómnium The agreement of all/everyone
Сontrária contráriis Contraries are cured with contraries. The motto of traditional
curántur medicine – allopathy.
Currículum vitae Courses of life
Debes ergo potes You must, so you can
Dámoclis gládius The sword of Damocles; If you have a sword
of Damocles hanging over your head,
something bad seems very likely to happen to you: According
to the story, Damocles was pandering to his king, Dionysius,
exclaiming that Dionysius was truly fortunate as a great man
of power and authority, surrounded by magnificence. In
response, Dionysius offered to switch places with Damocles
for one day so that Damocles could taste that very fortune
firsthand. Damocles quickly and eagerly accepted the king's
proposal. Damocles sat on the king's throne, surrounded by
every luxury, but Dionysius, who had made many enemies
during his reign, arranged that a sword should hang above the
throne, held at the pommel only by a single hair of a horse’s
tail to evoke the sense of what it is like to be king: Though
having much fortune, always having to watch in fear and
anxiety against dangers that might try to overtake him.
Damocles finally begged the king that he be allowed to depart
because he no longer wanted to be so fortunate, realizing that
with great fortune and power comes also great danger.
King Dionysius effectively conveyed the sense of constant fear
in which a person with great power may live. Dionysius
committed many cruelties in his rise to power, such that he
could never go on to rule justly because that would make him
vulnerable to his enemies.

Édimus ut vivámus, nón We eat to live, we do not live to eat

vívimus ut edámus
Fortúna caeca est Fortune is blind
Homo sápiens Wise man; it is the scientific name for the human species.
Ignorántia non est Ignorance is no argument
argumentum
Lábor ómnia vincit Hard work conquers all
Lége artis According to the law of the art (of medicine)

Locus minóris resisténtiae Place of a lesser resistance

Medicína sóror philosóphiae Medicine is the sister of phylosophy
Meménto mori Remember that you will die
Módus vivéndi Mode of living or way of life
Natúra sánat, médicus cúrat The physician cares while nature heals
mórbos
Nota béne Pay attention
Núlla díes síne línea Not a day without a line drawn
Omne nímium nocet Everything in excess is dangerous
Ómnia méa mécum pórto All that’s mine I carry with me
Óptimum medicaméntum Rest is the best medicine
quíes ést
Orbis terrárum A mapbook Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by Abraham Ortelius
(1527-1598), a Flemish scholar and geographer. - the first
true atlas in the modern sense: a collection of uniform map
sheets and sustaining text bound to form a book for which
copper printing plates were specifically engraved.
[Link]
essays/general-atlases/ortelius-atlas/
Perículum in móra There is danger in delay
Praesénte médico nihil nocet In the presence of a doctor nothing can harm
Scientia est poténtia Knowledge is power
Prímus ínter páres First among equals. The first known use of primus inter
pares was in 1688.

Quot capita, tot sensus So many heads, so many opinions

Rátio medéndi The way of treatment
Repetítio est mater Repetition is the mother of learning
studiórum
Sápere áude Dare to be wise!
Séro veniéntibus óssa The bones for those who come late
Sic transit glória mundi Thus passes the glory of the world; a Latin sentence spoken
during the coronation of a new Pope, while flax is burned to
represent the transitoriness of earthly glory. It was first used
at the coronation of Alexander V in Pisa, 7 July 1409, but is
earlier in origin
Simília simílibus curántur The similiar is treated with the similiar. This is a principle of
homeopathy, based on treating an illness with the means
which are able to subject a healthy person to the same
[Link] principle was offered by the German physisian
Ganeman in 1790.
Státus idem. The same state
Státus quó State that was earlier
Stultórum infinítus est The number of fools is infinite
numerus
Symptómata inflammatiónis Signs of inflammation are: redness, tumour, fever, pain and
súnt: rúbor, túmor, cálor, function getting worse.
dólor et fúnctio laésa
Terra incognita Literally:unknown land; contemporary use: unknown field of
knowledge
Tértium non dátur There is no third option
Trés fáciunt collégium Three makes company. It takes three to have a valid group;
three is the minimum number of members for an organization
or a corporation
Túto, cíto, iucúnde (Treat) quickly and securely with pleasure
Ubi concórdia, ibi victoria. It was a famous quote by Publius Syrus. This quote means
Where there is unity, there is victory. Publilius Syrus (fl. 85–
43 BC), was a Latin writer, best known for his sententiae. He
was a Syrian from Antioch who was brought as a slave to
Roman Italy
Véni, vídi, víci I came, I saw, I conquered