OEE BINOMIAL THEOREM, SE! CHAPTER 5 BINOMIAL THEOREM, SEQUENCES & SERIES BINOMIAL THEOREM: @+b)? a2 + 2ab + b? (@+b)? aS + 3at%h + Sab? +b? (a+b)* 2 @+bys =? C1 (a+b)r ="Coan bo + "C1 a™! bi + ™Cz ar? b? Hees # Crs at bet + "Cn ab? In @+ by? Trt Ceat-r br EXERCISE 5.1 1. Expand (i) (2x? - 2) 3 SOLUTION (2x7 2» = 8Co (2x2)! @ ~3C1 (2x2)? Q + 32 (2x2) e 2165 (2x2)0 ( = 1 (6) x6(1) ~3(4) x'(2) tp (Z)-10@ axt 8x5 ~ 36x34 54 2% 3p ) UENCES & SERIES ; i (iy (2x? - V7 ~ #) + (2x7 + BVI ) SOLUTION. eet) ee = 4C3 al! + 4C+ ab’ Grey = Combe + Crab +c | + 4C3 atb3 + 4Cx a% (acbyit (at by = 2i'Coatbe icra | + Cs a%b4] (2x2 - 3VT= 4 (2x? + 3VI- 2)! 2S (2x7)? 3V1- 2) 2x 2[u(2x?)* 1+ +1) (3VT= *7)"| | 2[r6xt + 6(4)x4(9) (1x?) + 8101-2 = 2[lex? + 246xt(1-x2) + 8101-xy) | u 2, Compute (i) 102+ SOLUTION 102+ (100-+ 2)¢ = 4€o (100)* 2° + 4C: (100)3 2! 4 C2 (100)? 2? + *C3 (100)!28 + 4Cs (100)? 2¢ 1 (100000000) (1) + 4 (1000000)2 +3 (10000)4 + 4(100)8 + 111) 100000000 8000000 240000 3200 16 =___ 108243216 _ I fe if + “i (li) 99 SOLUTION 994= (100-1)4 “Co (100)*(1)9 - 4c (100)9(4)! + 4C2 (100)2(1)2~ 4c (100)1(1)? +4Cy (100)9(1)+ » | | | | a tS 144ee ————— eee SS 4 (400000000) (1) = 4 (1000000) (1) 400000000 - 4000000 Fe 60000 - sees ~~ 190060001 OS 96059601 ——— 400 Gain” SOLUTION g7 = 0-1)" = 70 (10)? (A)2- 761 10) (1) 4. 7€2 (10)* (1)? - 7€s (10)* GL) 4-7¢4 (10) (1)*-7€s (20)? (2) +4 7G5 (10)! (16767 (20)? A)” 420000000) - 7 (1000000) +22£ 100000) - 72675 (10000) 4.35 (1000) - 21(100) +740)-@) ) @ = 10000000 - 7000000 + 2100000 - 350000 = 35000 - 2100 + 70 - a Ba 17185070 (© 7352101 4782969 __ 3, Using binomial theorem, indicate which of the following two number is larger: (a. 011000, 10000. SOLUTION ony" = (1 +.0.01)'* 10%, (1) (0.01)? + 10%, (1) (0.01) _.to (106 + 1) terms (aq) + 10° (001) +--- (10 + 1) terms M + u 4+ 223 10000) (4) - 4(200) @) + @C) BID mente BINOMIAL THEOREM, S| ZQUENCES & SERIES 1 + 10000 + +ye terms 10001 + +ve term: 2.01)!" 10,000 0,000 A. Find the coefficient of x15 in (x? + 4° | SOLUTION ; | In x+y)» | Tet eee | in(t + 4)° \ Th = we, Gaye (ZY = 10, 20-20 3 TH = 10¢, x20-Sr } To find coefficient of x15 | Put 15 | 20-5r = aor | r= 1 \ Tz = Mx Coefficient of x"? 10 \ = 10 \ 8 Find the coefficient of x* and the coefficient of 6 xéin (x? — 3). SOLUTION In(xt+y)" Tai = 8Crxe TYE ‘ im((e = 3) «ex (2) (3) = 6Cq x12 (1) (Ay eCe x2 To find coefficient of x* ‘Trig = Tet = put 12-50= 2 40= 50 a £7 n=? Tt = (1)EM, SEQUENCES & SERIES aS > a BINOMIAL THEOR 1)? 6C2 in (28? — x) oxs Le = 1X pees 5G. (20) (SS) ee =15 = sce2srxts-ar GY" yo, av To find coefficient of x° ce 50 put 12-Sr= 6 ee Dg x a 6 = Sr ‘To find constant s eS e is impossible Pure 15 -or—0 Coefficient of xis 0. eee r =3 VA Pind the coefficient of xt in the expansion Of | Ty = C2 Cusae F F 3y80 (42 4 2). x3 4 a+ (842) = Fa 7 | SOLUTION pete, $ Beas ora Given = +x)" (2+ 3) constant term is = sane = (1+x0(= Saoe (e+)! 8. Find the last two digits of the number 360, Ea SOLUTION 4 = (14x)xe Ay 30 = 2500 | In (x+y)* = 9300 Te = $C = (0-13 | In (1 + x8)55x° 300 300 10 \ Tret = 55Cr (155 3) é 4 gen 0)™ 1 | Bee + 300€2 (110)298 12 — 300C3 (10) 13 ‘To find coefficient of x+ ey og ae ce eee ae ~ + 300C300 (10)° 1300 ee; = 1(10)300- 300, (1.0)259 + 200C, (10)3) a = 300C3 (10)97 +... -300(10) | T= Stax +10) | Coefficientofx# = 55Cs = 102 [10298 - 300¢,(10)29” | = s5x54%53 4 300C9(1L0)296 — 300¢3(10)295-+... | axaxd | = 26235 elae f. Among 301 terms, fi rl th Uf Find th Ne ms, first 300 terms end wit) { e constant term of (2x3 pe 3) } 100 and last term end with 1 | OL i | UTION Hence last two digits of 36° is 01 \ In(x+y)" \ 1469, If n is a positive integer, using Binomial theorem, show that 9"** — 8n — 9 is always divisible by 64. ‘SOLUTION on = @+s)rt = HDC 141 BO + OHNE: 1981 4 (OHDCz 19-1 B2 + HDC 1-2 gs 4... + ODE 10.8044 = 1094) + (r+ 8 + DC B 4 +0383 +... + 1(1) Bm 1 +8n $8 + HDC? 82 + (DCS 83 AA yaar es gut = gnit—on-9 = 8[HDC2 + ODEs B+. + BA] which is divisible by 64 Hence showed. 410, [fn is an odd positive integer, prove that the coefficients of the middle terms in the expansion i) of -+y)rare equal. SOLUTION In@ty)" Tra = 8Crxhryt Since n is odd [Link] = n+1 which is even ey" term (+ a Middleterms = Coefficients of middle terms = Nc y1 + Tra W.K.T. ™Cr = 8Cn-r Nene z BINOMIAL THEOREM, SEQUENCES & SERIES 1 NC anones mt = Nene => Coefficients of middle terms are equal. 11. Ifnis a positive integer and ris a nonnegative integer, prove that the coefficients of x* and x*-") in the expansion of (1 + x)" are equal. | SOLUTION . | In + y)" | Tr = PCrxmryt \ In +x | Ter Tt = 2G AF xr | Cr xt ee) i] Coefficient of xt = "Cr | To get coefficient of x", replace r by n-ris (1) Toons =. Cher x8 Coefficient of x" W.K.T "Coen Cr =} 8Gree Hence coefficients of x* and x"~' are equal. | 42, If a and b are distinct integers, prove that a-—bisa factor of at - b®, whenever nis a positive integer. SOLUTION | (a-b+b)" = Co (a—b)nb? + 8Cx (a- by" + 0C2 (a-b)"2b2 +. 44 Cy- (ab)! bet + 8Cn (a= Bb)?" an = gr = (a-byr tn (@=by™tb + "2 (a b)r2bP eee 8Cret (a-b) bY! + b™ an—be = (a-b) ((@-byrt + nbe@-D)"* 4 7C2b2 (a-b)3 +... "Ce 1b™l] Hence a- bisa factor of an—b®.= Cexetyt jin(a+b) Ter = "Cram be Atr=3 Ts = rCsatsb? Atr=12 Ts = sCizatt2 bY | By given m3 = "C12 "Caz 2 n= 15 Crear) xe) "Cra "Cri 9Cr41 = 1; 72 42 Ne, nce 7 7, "Ch. = 1c Tenet ae nt ODI =r! GSN 1 1D aE 7 GTi (nr iat \13. In the binomial expansion of (a + pb)", if the oamielents of the 4& and’ 13% fins qual, n-rt Bem = 1. > (1 Consider 2 6.9Cr 6 ae Fam = eG 6(r+1) iat ont 6 = oT 7r-n =6. amg) @= sr-w= 1 @=> Meat = -6 | QO Ww Oo) pa 7 wi sub.r=7 in @) g(7)-n = 1 56-n = 1 ee n= 55 | 45. In the binomial expansion of (1 + x), al coefficients of the 5t, 6% and 7* terms are in P| | Findall values of n. | SOLUTION | vIn(«+y)" | ’ Tet = Crxmryt | In(i+x) | Trt Cy Ln xt Tra = "Crx" | Atr=4, Ts = "Cax* | Atr=5, Te = *Csxs | Atr=6, Tz = "Cox® | By given | C4, "Cs, Co, are in AP. te-tr = tb-te 2 = titts 2."Cs = 0C4-+0C, 148nt nt 2 qenl Geo t amor ee Fe Oe—De= Hi pias exsxai@—9 ea 2. Ten Sr = 6)! 5x Ff perce a ey aa pest aaa 30 a nae s(n-S) ne see) sas) 30(n — 4) <5) 42(n-4) = 30 + n?-5n-4n+ 20 42n-48 = n2-9n+50 pee2int 98 = 0 Oo ae nea 0 n-14 = 0 14 | value of nis Tor 14 secprovethat G+ G+ E+ AO oe SOLUTION |Q+0"= nCo-+ MC1x+ 2C2 +--+ +Cn x" (xt sync aCoxt + ncaxt tt Cat weet ACh = EGnx*) % a+x)= (Cot Cixt C2 x2+. (Coxn + Cx xod Coxm2 inn + Cn) Equating coefficient of ¥° Teg 2 Cope Cae CoS OH m= cyt CEG. + n= n)! Qn) 5 m= cht Crt CRE. + Oo ial Cm) cep CPt CAH. FOP a? Hence proved. HINT: In (x+y) Test = 8Crxmryr In@Q +02 Tea = Cr Aer Tea = 2Cexe Replace r by n Tne =Cax® EXERCISE 5.2 4. Write the first 6 terms of the sequences whose | mt terms are given below and classify them as} arithmetic progression, geometric progression, arithmetico - geometric progression, harmonic progression and none of them. © aa SOLUTION ne = a 6terms => ti, ta, ts, ta, ts, te eae a’ 46’ 32’ ot" 128 Itis a GP. w Sau, SOLUTION t = (+1) @t2) esata) 6 terms ti, ta, ts, ta, ts te 2), 3 = Ta@! 236)" s@. 4D. 10) +3010) 4438)" pun wa 6 = Spin wa 36 Sais tt egal? None of them.LL 1 “pS & SERUES _ BINOMIAL THEOREM, SEQU CES & u (wi) 2018 ay" SOLUTION ani) 4(2 O = 2018 ee ay" 6terms = ti, tz, ts, ts, ts, te = 4G) = 2018, 2018, 2018, 2018, 2, | 6 terms = byte, ts, ts ts, te since it is a constant sequence, yt 49, 40) es a = 4@9.4@ 40): itis AP, GP, AGP and LP. =" 2 eee cage fe a SS ee Itisa GP. a a wo = 1,4,2,20,28, 36 | @i 4315/27 1’ 203 SOLUTION Ttis an A.G.P a ea os é Aaicite the first 6 terms of the sequences whos: nti term anis given below. act? if nis odd | mn if nis even None ofthem. > \ | soLurion | ‘ 2 (nt1 if nis odd | One : a G i nis even | int a ; | ‘SOLUTION ent es t = a=1+1=2 a= | ants hs Gterms = ty, te, ts, ty ts, te a=3+1=4 ar=4 | = 28 2@4 2@)3 as=5+1=6 ac=6 | POR COM GOH! AD First 6terms are 2,2,4,4,6,6 4 (4)+3 © 2(5)4+3 (2(6)43 i v: BOF" 35)44 36) +4 | =, 5,22 23 as 1 | 7104376" 19 29 ane ifn None of them, ae ifn | An-1 + Gn2 ifn >2 | SOLUTION | | it ifn | an=42 ifn= Mn-1+ Ong ifn>2 |