Amrita School of Engineering Dec 2025
23ECE212
Even 2025-26
Homework (Week 8)
1. In an inverting op-amp circuit, the nominal resistance values are R2 = 300 kΩ and R1
= 15 kΩ. The tolerance of each resistor is ±5%, which means that each resistance can
deviate from its nominal value by ±5%. (a) What is the maximum deviation in the
voltage gain from its nominal value? (b) Repeat part (a) if the resistor tolerance is
reduced to ±1%.
2. The parameters of the two-inverting op-amp circuits connected in cascade in Figure are
R1 = 10 kΩ R2 = 80 kΩ, R3 = 20 kΩ, and R4 = 100 kΩ. For vI = −0.15 V, determine
vO1, vO, i1, i2, i3, and i4. Also determine the current into or out of the output terminal of
each op-amp.
3. (a) An op-amp with an open-loop gain of Aod = 7 × 103 is to be used in an inverting op-
amp circuit. Let feedback resistor, R2 = 100 kΩ and input resistor, R1 = 10 kΩ. If the
output voltage is vO = 7 V, determine the input voltage and the voltage at the inverting
terminal of the op-amp. (b) If the output voltage is vO = −5 V and the voltage at the
inverting terminal of the op-amp is 0.2 mV, what is the input voltage and the value of
Aod ? (c) What is the percent error in output voltage compared to the ideal value.
4. The parameters for the summing amplifier in Figure are RF = 100 kΩ and R3 =∞. The
two input voltages are vI1 = 4 + 125 sinωt mV and vI2 = −6 mV. Determine R1 and R2
to produce an output voltage of vO = −0.5 sinωt V.
5. A noninverting amplifier has an op-amp with an open-loop gain of AOL = 2 × 104. (a)
Determine the maximum ideal closed-loop gain such that the actual closed-loop gain is
within 0.1 percent of the ideal closed-loop value. (b) Repeat part (a) for 0.05 percent.
6. For the voltage follower circuit, determine (a) the ideal closed-loop voltage gain, (b)
the actual closed-loop voltage gain if the open-loop gain is Aod = 150,000, and (c) the
open-loop gain such that the actual closed-loop gain is within 1 percent of the ideal.
7. Modify the instrumentation amplifier in Figure such that the amplifier provides a
variable differential voltage gain covering the range of 5 to 200. Set the gain of the
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Amrita School of Engineering Dec 2025
difference amplifier to 2.5. The maximum current in R1 is to be limited to 50μA for an
output voltage of 10V. What value of potentiometer is required?
8. A pressure transducer produces a maximum dc voltage signal of 2 mV and has an output
resistance of RS = 2kΩ. The maximum dc current from the transducer is to be limited
to 0.2 μA. An inverting amplifier is to be used in conjunction with the transducer to
produce an output voltage of −0.10V for a 2 mV transducer signal. The error in the
output voltage cannot be greater than 0.1 percent. Determine the minimum open-loop
gain of the amplifier to meet this specification.
9. The op-amp in the noninverting amplifier configuration in Figure has a slew rate of 1
V/μs. Sketch the output voltage versus time for each of the three inputs shown. The
op-amp is at ±10 V.
10. An audio amplifier system, using a noninverting op-amp circuit, needs to have a
small-signal bandwidth of 20 kHz. The open-loop low-frequency voltage gain of the
op-amp is 105 and the unity-gain bandwidth is 1 MHz. What is the maximum closed-
loop voltage gain that can be obtained for these specifications?
11. An amplifier system is to be designed to provide an undistorted 10 V peak sinusoidal
signal at a frequency of f = 12 kHz. Determine the minimum slew rate required for the
amplifier.
12. The op-amp in the difference amplifier configuration in Figure is ideal. (a) If the
tolerance of each resistor is ±1.5%, determine the minimum value of CMRRdB.(b) If
the tolerance of each resistor in the difference amplifier ±x%, what is the maximum
value of x if the minimum CMRRdB is 50 dB
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13. An ideal op-amp integrator with 𝑅 = 10 kΩand 𝐶 = 0.1 𝜇Fis excited by a 10 mV DC
offset at the input. Calculate the output voltage after 2 s and comment on the
practicality of the circuit. Hence, modify the circuit to prevent saturation and justify
the need for a practical integrator.
14. An ideal op-amp differentiator with 𝑅 = 10 kΩand 𝐶 = 0.01 𝜇Fis driven by a 1 V, 10
kHz sine wave containing high-frequency noise. Calculate the magnitude of the
output voltage and analyse the circuit’s noise sensitivity. Hence, modify the circuit to
obtain a stable practical differentiator.
15. In the differential amplifier of Figure, the current source 𝐼1 is non-ideal with a
magnitude of 1 𝑚𝐴 and a resistance of 200 𝑘Ω. The transistors 𝑇1 and 𝑇2 can be
considered to be ideal. If the inputs are 𝑣1=𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜔1𝑡) 𝑉+5 𝑚𝑉 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜔2𝑡) and
𝑣2=𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜔1𝑡) 𝑉−5 𝑚𝑉 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜔2𝑡), 𝑓1=50 𝐻𝑧 & 𝑓2=1 𝑘𝐻𝑧, determine the output
taken differentially as 𝑣𝑜=𝑣𝑜1−𝑣𝑜2. Assume 𝑅1=5 𝑘Ω;𝑅2=4.7 𝑘Ω and 𝑉𝐶𝐶=5 𝑉.
(Please note that all circuits are to be simulated and analysed, whether specifically
required or not)
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