=

Pa4qn4rn4m+t=/ II! III III

/
"

H-3 Htt 3k

For constant term put A- O

t
=/ If -3041 =
o ti tr ) -1314) =
O

Expand along R,

4 ( 5k 2- 5) +20
Z
I f- lose -
10K) -

( 2K -12 ) = O

-
IORZ -
10K -
20k 2-120 -140k -140=0

30 R2 -130N +60=0
NZ -

R -

2 = 0

µ 2) (Rtl ) =
0
-

A- I 2
{
or
HE 2 }
-

-
I
,
✓

Expand
along
R,

R ( k£12 ) -3 ( 2K -
14) t 7 ( 12 -
7k) =
O

3- 12k GR 421-04 49k O

N t
-
- -
-

3- 67 R t 126=0
N

At 9) ( RIGHT 141=0
Get 9) ( R 7) Ca 23=0
- -

x = -

9 , 2,7
-

¥+14
n/3_t9
3
Rtg N -
67 Rt 12 G

gu 2- 67kt 126

¥
-

one
;
¥26
14$ I$
-

±
-

/! ! ! )
in R ,R, ,R,
mulling by a. b. c ,

respectively
'

/ )
a a abc

taking
'
1-
abq
b b on common
=

abc c CZ ab abc from Cz

I :& il
'

. see.

ti: :c 'd
'

= -

= -

la! ! 91 a
-

ti: ::H -
'

: : :L
in R ,R, ,R,
mulling by a. b. c ,

respectively
'

/ )
a a abc

1- b b
'
abc
on
taking common

Abc Abc from Cz

c CZ abc

la:&: :L in:c .

C ←
,

ti : :c:L ti : :c: to
-
✓

R R,
tRztRz then
taking
→
,
common

kink t 2 coxa) from

-

R,

.me/=
" "

@ inntacoxn) a sinn coal °

coal comes ,

C → C, -

Cz
,

uinntacoxnscoxonsinn ÷:
[Link]/- oKmYt2cosn)LSinn-cosk
'

) ( Sina -

coxae ) -
-
o

- -
=
0 =
0

tank -

z
tank =
I
-
-
No
solution in
fifty ] a. solution in f-I. Tf )
Hence total one solution in
[Link]]
-

For constant term put link -_

o

H=O

| ! ! !) r
=
Ill -
i ) -

ol -

1) til D= -
-

Ri -
R , -tRztRz then take common @tbt from R,

@tbtd/2b /
l l l

b- C-a 2b C →
G g & CpG G
-
-
,

2C 2C C- a b-

) )
l
8
O
=
@tbtc) )
catbtc 2b
Expand
along 4
-

Atbtc atbtc C- a -

=
Catbtc) ( atbtc ) ( atbtc)
3.
=
Catbtc) KI
✓

=/ )
100
Loo
lol
fueros 100×99 101×100
300×99 100×99×90 101×100×99

on
taking common too ,
lol from Cz & Cz respectively

't !%µg "

!
"
Hoos -
uomo

9g:* , Yoo
on
taking common 99 from Rz

/ Yoo
l l

f- Hoo ) = 100×101×99
300
gg
98
too

100
)
R, → R, -

Rz f R2 →
Rz Rs
-

fuori
-400×101×99/1,112 Iz flow )
f- ( 100) =
100×101×99 X (-202+202)=0
-
-

R, tRztRz common r 't y 42kg

→ R, then on
taking from R, .

easily: !; nd
'

=
catyp ( l
( y3e2-4n2yY -

I ( n
't
-

zay 3)
ti Kady yt)
-

)
d4t2ny3t2k3y
'
=
( hyp [ -3kg -
-

y
't
]

= -

Get y} ( Mt y t -

Lay
'
-

2k3y -13N }
'
]

latest caky 2- ay ]
'
= -

= -

caky 92
-

R, →
Rit Rzsinptrzeosp

fin 't
"
. :* 's:*
-

con sine Copps

Expand R
along ,

=
2ps) -11) ( sink task)
ltCos2p independent ofa
=
Lol
"
C → C itch
,

yshho

F'

.to
I
! . In
Coto
:S
:
its
RJR -

R
,
Rs '
Rs -
R
,
,

Yo
}
9g
/
-

I 'mo/=o0 I

⇒
if 2+4 snuol - o

HI
smh D= -

I =
SINTI
11h24
.
'
G

II
U D= ⇒ D= It

Ty
'

A C
,
 fitted
"

SI Cz -
Cz -

⇒
!
=°aa4zb2+c=o
:*
la
fax
't
.

Eac
zbxtc
:*
) (
.

ac -
::*
BY

In
.

a)
. "

⇒ & -

is
Root
9. b.
a
'

- .
care of
ima .p axhtbntc = o

B D
,
 v
✓ ✓

goin Direct
Expansion
13 A
B A
1

for Pn Snl Ptdlh -

Sp n Culp t d) a
)

Rn#
13 A B
A
- a
(Con IP - d) n at Pt d)
B
n - Con ( Pt d) n Snip
B
-
d) u

A A
1- at
( s Pnas IP -
d) n -

Corp n a G-d) )
n

[Link]-PX-dn
) )) (

-1Mt
Pln
⇒ I s du -

) - a

( ( ))
'

's)
+ a su du

du
= I
( Ldn ) -
a
( and n + a

A ,
e
,
D
 "
SI ay of HP 5 ⇒
ay of
A- D= ¥
-

. -

Pis at3d=t
as of H 4
-

-_

⇒ 5
as of AP .

It ⇒

atuokyt
a
of
A P
To D=
'T -¥=Lw
'

,
-

azqAP=atd=3w= to a -
I -Io=£o
93 = A -121=2
E ¥
120
20

ufo
;
/
aEat5d=E no
I Ff to

'÷eit÷÷÷
I
tyre÷
ai
-

areas

!
[Link]#Dsoooxfastw-s6xTntIlEss-D
 " ¥÷÷÷
.
÷: ¥: I

¥: ÷: '¥H÷÷
5355 5-
f IE Iss
÷ f Fists
¥ ¥ ¥1
-

+ I
.

k
He
I ¥
s
I to
.
.

55
(
-

I
( 5- 56 ) ) = 55 ( I 5)-
*

Eary ÷; . ÷ : n
I

y .

÷:
÷ :L .

y¥÷ ÷: .
÷ i
.

Hi
⇒ ' '

→
I
O
 "
Lot
ph

E
teem H pea ⇒ At CP D D=
I
. -

of

qthtesm of h P= .
b
⇒
A -119 -

DD -
-

I
At (
yth Him of H P ⇒ r D D= L
-
. -
-

:L
::
"

I!t
anti
:

Afar
!
Pf
-
D " A a- ' ' D
-

DD
abc
)
)

!'t
IT
" '

.cl ! ! ! fancy
a

O t O = 0
y z x x
y z x y R1 R1 + R2 + R3
z z x y
2(y z) 2(x z) 2(x y)
= y x z y on taking common 2 from R1
z z x y
y z x z x y
=2 y x z y R1 R1 R2
z z x y
z 0 x
= 2y x z y C1 C1 C2
z z x y
z 0 x
=2y x z x z y
0 z x y
= 4xyz

1 3 4
1 x 1 2x 2 = 0
2 5 9
x 1 2x 2 1 2x 2 1 x 1
1 3 4 0
5 9 2 9 2 5
(9x 9 10x 10) 3(9 4x 4) + 4(5 2x + 2) = 0
( 19 x) 3(5 4x) + 4(7 2x) = 0
19 x 15 + 12x + 28 8x = 0
6 + 12x 9x = 0
3x = 6
x=2

x 1 x 2 x a
x 2 x 3 x b a, b, c are in A.P.
x 3 x 4 x c
b a = c b = d common difference

12
8
R2 R2 R1 & R3 R3 R2
x 1 x 2 x a
= 1 1 (b a)
1 1 (c b)
x 1 x 2 x a
= 1 1 d =0
1 1 d

R1 R1 R2 R2 R2 R3
2
x 2x 1 2x 3 6
= 4 2x 2 2x 3
x 3 x 4 3x
2(x 1) (2 x 3) 4 (2 x 3) 4 2(x 1)
= (x2 + 2x 1) (2x 3) 6
x 4 3x x 3 3x x 3 x 4
2
= (x + 2x 1)[ 6x(x + 1) + (2x + 3) (x + 4)] (2x 3) (12x + (2x + 3) (x 3))
+ 6[4(x + 4) + 2(x + 1) (x 3)]
= (x + 2x 1) [ 6x 6x + 2x + 8x + 3x + 12] (2x 3) [12x + 2x2 + 3x 6x 9]
2 2 2

+ 6[4x + 16 + 2(x2 + x 3x 3)]

= (x + 2x 1) [ 4x + 5x + 12] (2x 3) [2x + 9x 9] + 6[2x2 + 10]
2 2 2

= 4x4 + 5x3 + 12x2 8x3 + 10x2 + 24x + 4x2 5x 12 (4x3 + 18x2 18x 6x2 27x + 27)
+ 12x2 + 60
= 12 27 + 60 = 21

ln x ln y ln z
1 log x y log x z ln x ln x ln x
ln x ln y ln z
log y x 1 log y z =
ln y ln y lny
log z x log z y 1
ln x ln y ln z
ln z ln z ln z
ln x ln y ln z
1 1 1
= ln x ln y ln z = 0
ln x ln y ln z
ln x ln y ln z

p x q y r z
B=a x b y c z
a p b q c r

12
9
 2(a p x) 2(b q y) 2(c r z)
B= a x b y c z
a p b q c r
a p x b q y c r z
B=2 a x b y c z
a p b q c r
R1 R1 R2 R3
a bc
B=2a x b y c z
a p b q c r
R2 R2 + R1 & R3 R3 + R1
a b c a b c a b c
B=2 x y z = 2 x y z 2 p q r = 2 × 6 = 12
p q r p q r x y z

a1 b1 c1
= a 2 b2 c 2 A2, B2, C2 are respectively cofactors of a2, b2, c2 then a1A2 + b1B2 + c1C2 is 0
a 3 b3 c3
* multiplication of any row element with any other cofactor series = 0

If A = (aij), 4 × 4 matrix Cij is the co-factor then a11C11 + a12C12 + a13C13 + a14C14 = Det(A)
we know det(A) = det(AT)

det(AT) skew symmetric matrix AT = A

= det( A)
= ( 1) det A
now n is odd
det A = det A
only possible when determinant vanishes.

a1 b1 c1
= a 2 b2 c2
a 3 b3 c3
multiplication of row elements with corresponding co factors = & with any other = 0

2r x n(n 1)
2
Sr = 6r 1 y n 2 (2n 3)
4r 3 2nr z n 3 (n 1)

13
0
 2n(n 1)
x n(n 1)
2
n
6n(n 1)(2 n 1)
Sr = n y n 2 (2 n 3)
r 1 6
4n 2 (n 1) 2 2n 2 (n 1)
z n 3 (n 1)
4 2
n(n 1) x n(n
1)
2
= n[(n 1)(2 n 1) 1] y n (2 n 3)
n 2 (n 1)[n 1 1] z n 3 (n 1)
n(n 1) x n(n 1)
2 2
n (2 n 3) y n (2 n 3) 0
3 3
n (n 1) z n (n 1)

Does not depend on any thing

a1 b1 c1
= a2 b 2 c 2 A1, B1, C1 cofactors of a1, b1, c1
a3 b 3 c3
multiplication of two determinant property
D1= Dn 1 = 3 1 = 2
matrix made by replacing elements by their cofactors

a, b, c are sides of a scalene triangle.

a, b, c > 0
a b c
b c a , cyclic determinant = (a3 b3 + c3 3abc)
c a b
1
= (a + b + c) {(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2}
2

( )ive +ive (+)ive

( )ive

3x+ky 2z = 0
x + ky + 3z = 0
2x+3y 4z = 0

13
1
3 k 2
1 k 3 =0
2 3 4
For non trivial solution
k 3 1 3 1 k
3 k 2 0
3 4 2 4 2 3
3( 4k 9) k( 4 6) 2 (3 2k) = 0
12k 27 + 4k + 6k 6 + 4k = 0
33
2k = 33 k
2
Consistent and has infinite solution
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 6
x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 9
2x1 + 5x2 + ax3 = b
D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
1 2 3
D 1 3 5 0
2 5 a
3 5 1 5 1 3
1 2 3 0
5 a 2 a 2 5
3a 25 2(a 10) + 3(5 6) = 0
3a 25 2a + 20 3 = 0
a=8
1 2 6
3 9 1 9 1 3
D3 1 3 9 0 1 2 6 0
5 b 2 b 2 5
2 5 b
3b 45 2(b 18) + 6(5 6) = 0
3b 45 2b + 36 6 = 0
b = 15

x + ay + 0z = 0
0 + y + az = 0
ax + 0 + z = 0
for unique solution condn
1 a 0
0 1 a 0
a 0 1

13
2
 1 a 0 a 0 1
1 a 0 0
0 1 a 1 a 0
1 a( a)2 0
a3 1
a 1
a R {1}

(a x a x ) 2 (a x a x ) 2 1
(b y b y ) 2 (b y b y ) 2 1
(cz c z ) 2 (c z c z ) 2 1
2 2
x 1 x 1
a a 1
ax ax
2 2
y 1 y 1
b b 1
by by
2 2
1 1
cz cz 1
cz cz
1 1
a 2x 2x
2 a 2x 2 1
a a 2x
1 1
b 2y 2y
2 b 2y 2 1 C1 C1 C2
b b 2y
1 1
c 2z 2z
2 c 2z 2 1
c c 2z
On taking common 4 from C1
1 1
4 a 2x 2x
2 1 1 a 2x 2 1
a a 2x
1 1
4 b2 y 2y
2 1 = 4 1 b2 y 2 1 =0
b b2 y
1 1
4 c 2z 2z
2 1 1 c 2z 2 1
c c 2z

x(x 1) x(x 1)(x 2)

x
x
C1 x
C2 x
C3 2 6
y y y y(y 1) y(y 1)(y 2)
C1 C2 C3 = y
z z z
2 6
C1 C2 C3
z(z 1) z(z 1)(z 2)
z
2 6

13
3
 1 (x 1) (x 1)(x 2)
xyz
= 1 (y 1) (y 1)(y 2)
12
1 (z 1) (z 1)(z 2)
R1 R1 R2
R2 R2 R3
0 (x y) (x y)(x y 3)
xyz
= 0 (y z) (y z)(y z 3)
12
1 (z 1) (z 1)(z 2)
0 1 (x y 3)
(x y)(y z)xyz
= 0 1 (y z 3)
12
1 (z 1) (z 2)
(x y)(y z)(xyz)
= [y + z 3 x y + 3]
12
(x y)(y z)(z x) xyz
=
12
1 2 5
2 x 1 = 86
0 4 2x
x 1 2 1 2 x
1 2 5 86
4 2x 0 2x 0 4
2
2x + 4 + 8x + 40 = 86
2x2 + 8x 42 = 0
x2 + 4x 21 = 0
(x 3) (x + 7) = 0
x1 = 3 & x2 = 7
x1 + x2 = 3 7 = 4

1 a a2
cos(p d)x cos px cos(p d)x
sin(p d)x sin px sin(p d)x
cos px cos(p d)x cos(p d) x cos(p d)x 2 cos(p d) x cos px
a +a
sin px sin(p d) x sin(p d) x sin(p d) x sin(p d) x sin p x
= sin(p+d)x cospx sinpx cos(p+d)x a(cos(p d)x sin(p+d)x sin(p d)x cos(p+d)x)
+ a2 (cos(p d)x sinpx cospx sin(p d)x)
= sin(p+d p)x a (sin(p+d p+d)x) + a2 (sin(p p+d)x)
= sin(dx) a sin(2dx) + a2 sin(dx)
= sin(dx) [1 2a cosdx + a2] independent of P.

13
4
 x3 1 x2 x
If y3 1 y 2 y =0
z3 1 z2 z
x3 x2 x 1 x2 x
y3 y2 y + 1 y2 y =0
z3 z2 z 1 z2 z
x2 x 1 1 x2 x
xyz y 2 y 1 + 1 y2 y =0
z2 z 1 1 z2 z
1 x2 x
(xyz + 1) 1 y 2 y =0
1 z2 z
xyz = 1

a 2 2a 2a 1 1
L.H.S. 2a 1 a 2 1
3 3 1
R1 R1 R 2 & R2 R2 R3
2
a 1 a 1 0
= 2a 2 a 1 0 common from R1 and R2
3 3 1
(a 1) 1 0
= (a 1) (a 1) 2 1 0
3 3 1
a 1 1
= (a 1)2 1
2 1
2
= (a 1) [(a + 1 2)] = (a 1)3 proved.
1 1 1
x y z = (x y) (y z)(z x) (x + y + z)
x 3 y3 z 3
C1 C1 C 2 & C2 C2 C3
on taking common (x y) (y z) from C1 & C2

13
5
 0 0 1 0 0 1
x y y z z = (x y) (y z) 1 1 z
3 3 3 3
x y y z z3 x2 y2 xy y 2 z 2 yz Z3
C1 C1 C 2
0 0 1
= (x y) (y z) 0 1 z
x 2 z2 y(x z) y 2 z 2 yz z 3
0 0 1
= (x y) (y z) (x z) 0 1 z
(x z y) y 2 z 2 yz z 3
= (x y) (y z) (x z) (x + y + z) ( 1)
= (x y) (y z) (z x) (x + y + z).
3
x 1
2
(x) = 2 2 1 Fi d he mi im m al e f ( ), > 1
1 1
0
x 1 2
C1 C1 C 2
3
x 1 1
2 2 1 0 1 0 2
3
= 0 2 1 = (x 1) 1 1 1 1 1
0 2 0
1 1 2 x 1 2 x 1
0
x 1 2
1 3 2
= (x 1) 1
x 1 2 x 1
1 3
=x 1+ +
x 1 x 1
4 (x 1) 2 4
=x 1+ =
x 1 (x 1)
x 2 2x 5
=
x 1
(2x 2)(x 1) (x 2 2x 5)
'( ) = =0
(x 1)2
2x2 4x + 2 x2 + 2x 5 = 0
x2 2x 3 = 0
(x 3) (x + 1) = 0 (x 1 x > 1)
x=3

13
6
 4
( )=3 1+
3 1
4
=2+ =4
2

If a2 + b2 + c2 + ab + bc + ca 0 a, b, c R
1
((a+b)2 + (b+c)2 + (c+a)2) 0
2
only possible when a + b = 0 , b + c = 0 , c + a = 0 a=b=c=0
(a b 2) 2 a 2 b2 1 4 0 1
2 2 2
1 (b c 2) b c = 1 4 0
c2 a 2 1 (c a 2) 2 0 1 4
= 4 (16 0) 0 ( 4 0) + 1 (1 0)
= 64 + 1 = 65

b c c a a b
D' = a b b c c a
c a a b b c
C1 C1 + C2 + C3
2(a b c) c a a b
D' = 2(a b c) b c c a
2(a b c) a b b c
(a b c) c a a b
D' = 2 (a b c) b c c a
(a b c) a b b c
C2 C2 C1 C3 C3 C1
a b c b c
D' = 2 a b c a b C1 C1 + C2 + C3
a b c c a
a b c
D' = 2 c a b on taking common ( 1) from C2 & C3
b c a
a b c
D' = 2 c a b = 2 D proved.
b c a

13
7
( )4 ( )2 1
( )4 ( )2 1
( )4 ( )2 1
R1 R1 R2 & R2 R2 R3
4
( ) ( )4 ( )2 ( )2 0
= ( )4 ( )4 ( )2 ( )2 0
( )4 ( )2 1
R1 R1 R2
= (( )2 ( )2) (( + )2 ( + )2) ×
( )2 ( )2 1 0
( )2 ( )2 1 0
( )4 ( )2 1
R1 R1 R2
1 0
= 64 ( )( )( )( ) ( )( ) 1 2
( ) 1
= 64 ( )( )( )( )=( )( )

x 2 2x 3 3x 4
2x 3 3x 4 4x 5 = 0
3x 5 5x 8 10x 17
3 C3 C2 C2 C2 C1
x 2 x 1 x 1
2x 3 x 1 x 1 0 R2 R 2 R1
3x 5 2x 3 5x 9
x 2 x 1 x 1
x 1 0 0 0
3x 5 2x 3 5x 9
Expand along R2
x 1 x 1
(x + 1) = (x + 1) ((x + 1) (5x +9) (x + 1) (2x + 3)) = 0
2x 3 5x 9
(x + 1)2 (5x + 9 2x 3) = 0
(x + 1)2 (3x + 6) = 0
3 (x + 1)2 (x + 2) = 0
x= 1 & x= 2

13
8
 x 2 2x 3
3x 4
x 4 2x 9
3x 16 = 0
x 8 2x 27 3x 64
2 C2 2C1 & C3 C3 3C1
x 2 1 2
x 4 1 4
x 8 11 40
R3 R3 R 2 & R2 R 2 R1
x 2 1 2 x 2 1 2
2 2 6 = ( 2) ( 2) 1 1 3
4 10 36 2 5 18
1 3 1 3 1 1
4 (x 2) 1 0 2
5 18 2 18 2 5
4 [ (x 2) (18 15) 1 (18 6) +2 (5 2) ] = 0
4 [3 (x 2) 12 + 6] = 0
4 [3x 6 12 + 6] = 0
4 (3x 12) = 0
x=4
a x c b
c b x a =0
b a c x
R1 R1 + R2 + R3
a b c x a b c x a b c x
c b x a =0 ( a + b + c = 0)
b a c x
x x x
c b x a =0 C1 C1 + C2 + C3
b a c x
3x x x
a b c x b x a =0
a b c x a c x
3x x x
x b x a =0 on taking common x from R1
x a c x

13
9
 3 1 1
( x) x b x a =0
x a c x
(b x) a x a x b x
x 3 1 =0 1
(c x)a x c x x a
x ( 3(bc cx bx + x2 a2) 1 (x (x c) + ax) +1 ( ax + x (b x))) = 0
x = 0 or
3bc 3cx 3bx + 3x2 3a2 x2 + xc ax ax + bx x2 = 0
x2 + 3bc 2cx 2bx 2ax 3a2 = 0
x2 2x (a+b+c) 3a2 + 3bc = 0
x2 = 3a2 3bc
x = ± 3(a 2 bc)
x = ± 3(a( b c) bc)
x = ± 3( ab ac bc)
3 2
x=± (a b 2 c2 (a b c) 2 )
2
3 2
x=± (a b 2 c2 ) ( (a + b + c)2 = a2 +b2 +c2 + 2ab +2bc + 2ca)
2

a,b,c are the solutions of cubic x3 5x2 + 3x 1=0

a+b+c=5
ab + bc + ca = 3
abc = 1
a b c
a b b c c a
b c c a a b
R2 R2 R1
a b c
= b c a
b c c a a b
R3 R3 + R2
a b c
= b c a on taking common ( 1) from R2 cyclic determinant.
c a b
a b c
= b c a
c a b

14
0
= ( (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ac))
= (5) ((a + b + c)2 3 (ab + bc + ca))
= 5 (25 3 (3)) 5 (25 9) = 80

a2 ab ac
2
ab b bc Multiply a, b, c in R1, R2, R3
2
ac bc c
a(a 2 ) a 2b a 2c
1
ab 2 b(b 2 ) b 2c on taking common a, b, c from C1, C2, C3
abc
ac2 bc2 c(c2 )
a2 a2 a2
(abc)
b2 b2 b2 R R1 + R2 + R3
abc
c2 c2 c 2

a2 b2 c2 a 2 b2 c2 a 2 b2 c2
(abc)
b2 b2 b2
abc
c2 c2 c2
1 1 1
2 2 2
(a + b + c + ) b 2 b 2
b2
c2 c2 c2
1 C1 C2 C2 C2 C3
0 0 1
(a2 + b2 + c2 + ) b2 (a2 + b2 + c2 + ) 1
0
0 c2
(a2 + b2 + c2 + ) ( 2 0)
= 2 (a2 + b2 + c2 + ) so 2
is a factor of given problem & other factor (a2+b2+c2+ )

R2 R2 R3
a2 b2 c2
= (a 1) 2 (a 1) 2 (b 1) 2 (b 1) 2 (c 1) 2 (c 1) 2
(a 1) 2 (b 1) 2 (c 1) 2
a2 b2 c2
= 2a 2 2b 2 2c 2
(a 1) 2 (b 1) 2 (c 1) 2
a2 b2 c2
= 2 2a 2b 2c R3 R3 + R2
(a 1) 2 (b 1) 2 (c 1) 2

14
1
 a2 b2 c2
=2 2a 2b 2c R3 R3 R1
2 2 2
a 1 b 1 c 1
2 2 2
a b c
=4 a b c
1 1 1

0
2(x 1) 2(x 4)
(x) = x 1 4 x2 7 (x 1) from C1 & 2 from R1
0 0 x 4
0 x 1 (x 4)
= 2 (x 1) 1 4 x2 7 R1 R1 R3
0 0 x 4
0 x 1 0
2
= 2 (x 1) 1 4 x 7
0 0 x 4
x 1 0
= 2 (x 1) 1
0 x 4
= 2 (x 1) (x 1) (x + 4)
= 2 (x 1)2 (x + 4)
3 3
f(x) = a ij .cij
j 1 i 1
3
(a1j. c1j. + a2j. c2j. + a3j. c3j)
= j 1

= (a11 c11 + a21 c21 + a31 c31) + (a12 c12 + a22 c22 + a32 c32) + (a13 c13 + a23 c23 + a33 c33)
= 3 (x)
( ) = 6 (x 1)2 (x + 4)
for maxima & minima.
'( ) = 6 × 2 (x 1) (x + 4) 6 (x 1)2
= (x 1) [ 12 (x + 4) 6 (x 1)]
= 6 (x 1) [2 (x + 4) + (x 1)]
= 6 (x 1) [2x + 8 + x 1]
= 6 (x 1) (3x + 7)
+
7 1
3

f(1) = 6 (1 1)2 (1 + 4) = 0 maximum value.

14
2
 2 2 2
s0 s1 s 2 1 1 1
2 2 2 3 3 3
s1 s2 s3 =
2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
s2 s3 s4
2
1 1 1 1
2
= 1
2 2 2 2
1
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 C1 C2 C2 C2 C3
2 2
0 0 1 0 0 1
= =( )2 ( )2 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2

2
2 2 1 1
=( ) ( )

=( )2 ( )2 ( + )2
=( )2 ( )2 ( )2 proved.

Cramer's rule
x+y+z 6=0
2x + y z 1 = 0
x + y 2z + 3 = 0
x y z 6
2x y z 1
x y 2z 3
1 1 1
D= 2 1 1 =3 0 unique solution or trivial solution.
1 1 2
6 1 1
D1 = 1 1 1 C2 C2 C3
3 1 2
6 0 1
D1 = 1 2 1
3 3 2

14
3
 2 1 1 1 1 2
=6 0 +1
3 2 3 2 3 3
= 6+9=3 D1 0 unique solution consistent.
1 6 1
D2 = 2 1 1
1 3 2
1 1 2 1 2 1
=1 6 +1
3 2 1 2 1 3
= 5 + 18 7
= 18 12 = 6
1 1 6
1 1 2 1 2 1
D3 = 2 1 1 = 1 1 +6
1 3 1 3 1 1
1 1 3
= 4+7+6 9
D D2 D3
x= 1 y= z=
D D D
3 6 9
x= =1 y= =2 z= =3
3 3 3

x + 2y + z = 1
3x + y + z = 6
x + 2y + 0 = 0
1 2 1
D = 3 1 1 R2 R2 R1
1 2 0
1 2 1
2 1
= 2 1 0 =1 =4+1=5 0
1 2
1 2 0
1 2 1
D1 = 6 1 1 = 10
0 2 0
1 1 1
D2 = 3 6 1 = 5
1 0 0
1 2 1
D3 = 3 1 6 R1 R 1 R3
1 2 0

14
4
 0 0 1
3 1
= 3 1 6 =1 = (6 1) = 5
1 2
1 2 0
D1 10 D 5 D 5
X= = =2, Y= 2 = = 1, Z = 3 = = 1 consistent.
D 5 D 5 D 5
7x 7y + 5z = 3
3x + y + 5z = 7
2x + 3y + 5z = 5
7 7 5 7 7 1
D= 3 1 5 =5 3 1 1 R1 R1 R2 R2 R2 R3
2 3 5 2 3 1
4 8 0
=5 1 2 0 =0
2 3 1
3 7 1
D1 = 5 7 1 1 R3 R3 R2 R2 R2 R1
5 3 1
3 7 1
D1 = 5 4 8 0 = 5 × 24 = 120
2 2 0
D1 0
D = 0 & D1 0 inconsistent.

x + ky + 3z = 0
3x + ky 2z = 0 (not all zero)
2x + 3y 4z = 0
1 k 3
= 3 k 2 =0
2 3 4
k 2 3 2 3 k
1 k +3 =0
3 4 2 4 2 3
( 4k + 6) k ( 12 + 4) +3 (9 2k) = 0
4k + 6 + 12k 4k + 27 6k = 0
2k = 33
33
k=
2
33
x+ y + 3z = 0
2

14
5
 33
3x + y 2z = 0
2
2x + 3y 4z = 0
2x + 33y + 6z = 0 ..(1)
6x + 33y 4z = 0 ..(2)
2x + 3y 4z = 0 ..(3)
From equation (1) , (2) , (3)
15
x : y: z = y : y : 3y
2
15
x:y:z= :1: 3
2
a(y + z) = x , b(z + x) = y , c(x + y) = z
x + ay + az = 0
bx y + bz = 0
cx + cy z = 0
1 a a
b 1 b =0
c c 1
C1 C1 C2
1 a a a
b 1 1 b =0
0 c 1
C2 C2 C3
(1 a) 0 a
(1 b) (1 b) b =0
0 (c 1) 1
Expand along R1
(1 b) b 1 b (1 b)
(1 + a) +a =0
(c 1) 1 0 (c 1)
(1 + a) [(1 + b) b (1 + c)] + a [(1 + b) (c + 1)] = 0
(1 + a) (1 + b) + b (1 + a) (1 + c) + a (1 + b) (c + 1) = 0
divided by (1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)
(1 a)(1 b) b(1 a)(1 c) a(1 b)(c 1)
+ + =0
(1 a)(1 b)(1 c) (1 a)(1 b)(1 c) (1 a)(1 b)(1 c)
1 b a
+ + =0
1 c 1 b 1 a
1 b 1 1 a 1 1
+ + =0
1 c 1 b 1 b 1 a 1 a
1 1 1 1 1 1
+1+1=0 + + =2
1 a 1 b 1 c 1 a 1 b 1 c

14
6
3x y + 4z = 3 unique solution
x + 2y 3z = 2
6x + 5y + z = 3 atleast one solution
For unique solution. infinte solution

3 1 4
D= 1 2 3 0
6 5
2 3 1 3 1 2
D=3 +1 +4 0
5 6 6 5
3 (2 + 15) +1 ( + 18) +4 (5 12) 0
6 + 45 + + 18 + 20 48 0
7 48 45 18 20
48 65 18
7
30 65 35
=
7 7
5
let = 5
3 1 4
then D = 1 2 3 = 3 |10 + 15| +1 |5 + 18| +4 |5 12|
6 5 5
= 75 + 23 + 4 ( 7)
= 75 + 23 28
= 70
3 1 4
D1 = 2 2 3 = 3 |10 + 15| +1 | 10 9| +4 | 10 + 6|
3 5 5
= 3 (25) 19 16
= 40
40 4
x= =
70 7
3 3 4
2 3 1 3 1 2
D2 = 1 2 3 = 3 3 +4
3 5 6 5 6 3
6 3 5
= 3 ( 10 9) 3 (5 + 18) +4 ( 3 + 12)
= 19 × 3 3 × 23 + 4 × 9
= 90
D 90 9
y= 2 = =
D 70 7

14
7
 3 1 3
2 2 1 2 1 2
D3 = 1 2
2 =3 +1 +3
5 3 6 3 6 5
6 5 3
= 3 ( 6 + 10) +1 ( 3 + 12) +3 (5 12)
= 3 × 4 + 9 + 3 ( 7)
= 12 + 9 21
=0
D
z = 3 =0
D
for = 5
3 1 4
D= 1 2 3 =0
6 5 5
3x y + 4z = 3
3x + 4z 3 = ..(1)
x + 2y 3z = 2
x + 2 (3x + 4z 3) 3z = 2
7x + 8z 6 3z = 2
7 +5 =4 .(2)
let z = k
4 5k
x=
7
4 5k
y=3 + 4k 3
7
12 15k 28k 21
=
7
13k 9
y=
7

1 1 1
D= 1 1 x 1
1 1 1 y
C1 C1 C3 & C2 C2 C3

0 0 1
= 0 x 1
y y 1 y
Expand along R1

14
8
 0 x
= +1 = xy divisible by both x and y.
y y

a, b, c be any real numbers.

x cy bz = 0
cx y + az = 0
bx + ay z = 0 for non-trivial solutions.
1 c b
c 1 a =0
b a 1
1 a c a c 1
1 +c b =0
a 1 b 1 b a
(1 a2) + c ( c ab) b (ac + b) = 0
1 a2 c2 abc abc b2 = 0
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1
a a 1 a 1 a 1 b 1 c 1
b b 1 b 1 + a 1 b 1 c 1 =0
c c 1 c 1 ( 1) n 2 a ( 1) n 1 b ( 1) n c
on taking transpose of 2nd det.
a a 1 a 1 a 1 a 1 ( 1) n 2 a
b b 1 b 1 + b 1 b 1 ( 1) n 1 b = 0
c c 1 c 1 c 1 c 1 ( 1) n c
c2 c3 then c3 c1
n 2
a a 1 a 1 ( 1) a a 1 a 1
b b 1 b 1 + ( 1) n 1 b b 1 b 1
c c 1 c 1 ( 1) n c c 1 c 1
if n is odd
a a 1 a 1 a a 1 a 1
b b 1 b 1+ b b 1 b 1
c c 1 c 1 c c 1 c 1
on taking common ( 1) from c1
a a 1 a 1 a a 1 a 1
b b 1 b 1 b b 1 b 1 =0
c c 1 c 1 c c 1 c 1
x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3
2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3
3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1

14
9
 1 2 1
3 1 2 1 2 3
D= 2 3 1 =1 2 +1 = (6 5) 2 (4 3) +1 (10 9)
5 2 3 2 3 5
3 5 2
=1 2+1=0
3 2 1
3 1 3 1 3 3
D1 = 3 3 1 = 3 2 +1
5 2 1 2 1 5
1 5 2
= 3(6 5) 2(6 1) +1(15 3)
= 3 10 + 12 = 5 0
if D = 0 and any D1 or D2 or D3 0 the inconsistent system. No solution.

4x + ky + 2z = 0
kx + 4y + z = 0
2x + 2y + z = 0 For Non-trivial solution.
4 k 2
k 4 1 =0
2 2 1
C1 C1 C2 & C 2 C2 2C3
4 k k 4 2
k 4 2 1 =0
0 0 1
4 k k 4
1 =0
k 4 2
2 (4 k) (k 4)2 = 0
(k 4) ( 2 (k 4)) = 0
(k 4) ( 2 (k 4) = 0
(k 4) ( 2 k + 4) = 0
(k 4) (2 k) = 0 k=4 k = 2 (two solution)

x ky + z = 0
kx + 3y kz = 0
3x + y z = 0 for Trivial solutions.
1 k 1
k 3 k 0
3 1 1
3 k k k k 3
1 +k +1 0
1 1 3 1 3 1
( 3 + k) +k ( k + 3k) +1 (k 9) 0

15
0
 3 + k k2 + 3k2 + k 9 0
2k2 + 2k 12 0
k2 + k 6 0
(k 2) (k + 3) 0
k 2, 3
k R { 3, 2}

(k + 1) x + 8y = 4k
k x + (k + 3) y = (3k 1)
for No solution.
k 1 8 4k
=
k k 3 3k 1
(k + 1) (k + 3) = 8k
k2 + 4k + 3 = 8k
k2 4k + 3 = 0
(k 3) (k 1) = 0
k = 3, 1
For k = 3 (acceptable)
4 8 12
=
3 6 8
For k = 1
2 8 4
= ( Not acceptable, solution case)
1 4 2
So only one value of k for which the system of eqn has no solution.

2 2
3 1 1
2 2 3 3
1 1 1
2 2 3 3 4 4
1 1 1
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2
= 1 1 = 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1

transpose
C1 C1 C2 and C2 C2 C3
2 2
0 0 1 0 0 1
= 1 =(1 )2 ( )2 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
C1 C1 C2

15
1
 2
0 0 1
=(1 )2 ( )2 0 1
2
1
2
0 0 1
=(1 )2 ( )2 (1 2
) 0 1
2
1
2
2 2 2 0 1
=(1 ) ( ) (1 ) 1
1
=(1 )2 (1 )2 ( )2 ( 1)2 = 1 (1 )2 (1 )2 ( )2
so, value of k = 1

2x1 2x2 + x3 = x1 ( 2) x1 + 2x2 x3 = 0

2x1 3x2 + 2x3 = x2 2x1 (3 + ) x2 + 2x3 = 0
x1 + 2x2 = x3 x1 + 2x2 x3 = 0
( 2) 2 1
2 (3 ) 2 =0
1 2
(3 ) 2 2 2 2 (3 )
( 2) 2 1 =0
2 1 1 2
( 1) ( + 3) ( 1) = 0
= {1, 3}
set of contains 2 elements

x+ y z=0
x y z=0
x+y z=0 for non-trivial solution.
1 1
1 1 =0
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 =0
1 1 1 1
( + 1) ( 2 + 1) 1 ( + 1) = 0
( + 1) (1 + ) (1 ) 1 ( + 1) = 0
(1 ) (1 + ) = 0
=0, =1, = 1
Exactly 3 values of .

15
2
x+y+z=1 ..(1)
x + ay + z = 1 ..(2)
ax + by + z = 0 ..(3)
for non solution case
1 1 1
1 a 1 =0
a b 1
(a 1)2 = 0
if a = 1
1 1 1
D1 = a 1 1 = 0
b 1 0
1 1 1
D2 = 1 1 1 = 0
a 1 0
1 1 1
D3 = 1 a 1 = 0
a b 0
the set S is a singleton set
S = {1}
a=1
for a = 1
D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 infinite solution.
but if b = 1 with a = 1 from eqn (1) & (3)
x y z 1
represents two parallel plane so no intersection no solution.
x y z 0

x + ky + 3z = 0 ..(1)
3x + ky 2z = 0 ..(2)
2x + 4y 3z = 0 ..(3)
(1) (2)
2x + 5z = 0
5z
x=
2
Put in equation (3)
5z + 4y 3z = 0
4y = 2z
z
y=
2

15
3
 5
z z
xz 2 5
2
× 4 = 10
y2 z 2
2

x 4 2x 2x
2x x 4 2x = (A + Bx)(x A)2
2x 2x x 4
4 0 0
Put x = 0 , 0 4 0 = A3 A3 = ( 4)3 A= 4
0 0 4
and (x 4)3 + 2. (2x)3 3(x 4) (2x)3 = (A + Bx) (x A)2
Now coefficient of x3 = 1 + 16 3 (4) = B B=5
[Also we can put x = 4 and compare]

1 1 1
= 2 3 2 0
2
2 3 a 1
2 1 1 0 1 1
x= 5 3 2 0 3 2
a 1 3 a2 1 a 1 3 a2 1 3 a2 1
[C1 C1 (C2 + C3)]
2
x = ( 1)( a + a 1)
1 2 1 1 2 1
y = 2 5 2 0 1 0 a2 3
2
2 a 1 a 1 2 a 1 a2 1
z =0 a R

x 4 +7 =g (1)
3y 5 = h (2)
2x + 5y 9 = k (3)
(1) × 2 + (2)
2x 5y + 9z = 2g + h
2x + 5y 9z = k 2g + h + k = 0

|A| = (2 + sin ) (2 sin + 2d) d(2sin d)

|A| = 4 sin2 + 4d + 2d sin 2d sin + d2
= d2 + 4d + 4 sin2 = 8
for min. value of |A|

15
4
sin2 = 1
d2 + 4d + 3 = 8
d2 + 4d 5 = 0
(d + 5) (d 1) = 0
d = 1, 5

1 1 1
1 2 3 0
1 3
(2 9) 1( 3) + 1(3 2) = 0
2 9 +3+1=0
=5
= 18 5 = 13
=8

(0, )
x + 3y + 7z = 0 ...(1)
x + 4y + 7z = 0 ...(2)
(sin3 )x + (cos2 )y + 2z = 0 ...(3)
(1) (2) 2x y = 0 y = 2x z = x
from (3); x 0
sin3 + 2cos2 2=0
2
sin3 4sin = 0
3sin 4sin2 4sin3 = 0
2
sin (4sin + 4sin 3) = 0
1
sin = (only two values)
2
=0
a 2 3
1 = b 1 5 0 a b+c=0
c 3 2
Similarly, 2=0 a b+c=0
3=0 a b+c=0

a b c 2a 2a
2b b c a 2b = (a + b + c)(x + a + b + c)2, x 0 and a + b + c 0
2c 2c c a b
R1 R1 + R2 + R3

15
5
 a b c a b c a b c
= 2b b c a 2b
2c 2c c a b
1 1 1
= (a + b + c) 2b b c a 2b
2c 2c c a b
C1 C1 C2 & C2 C2 C3
0 0 1
= (a + b + c) a b c (a b c) 2b
0 a b c c a b
0 0 1
3
= (a + b + c) 1 1 2b = (a + b + c)3
0 1 c a b
x = 2(a + b + c) is correct option

det (ABAT) = 8 det(AB 1) = 8 det (BA 1BT)

|A|
|A||B||AT| = 8 ....(1) 8 ....(2)
|B|
From (1) & (2),
1 T | B || BT | 1 1 1 1
det(BA B ) = =
|A| 2 2 4 16

21 -
For unique solution |A| 0

1 1
|A| 1 1
2
C1 C1 + C2 + C3
1 1
|A| 2 1 1 1
1 2
R2 R2 R1 , R3 R3 R1
1 1
|A| 2 0 1 0
0 0 1
|A|=2+ +

15
6
22 . x 2y 2z = x x(1 ) 2y 2z = 0
x + 2y + z = y x + y(2 )+z=0
x y= z x+y+ z=0
For non-trivial solution, = 0
1 2 2
1 2 1 0
1 1
2
(1 )[2 1] + 2[ 1] 2[1 2+ ]=0
3
3 2+3 1=0
( 1)3 = 0 = 1 only (singleton)

1 c c
23 . c 1 c 0
c c 1
1 c c
0 c2 1 c c2 0
2 2
0 c c c 1
((c2 1)2 (c + c2) ) = 0
(c2 1 c c2) (c2 1 + c + c2) = 0
(2c2 + c 1) (1 + c) = 0
c = 1, 2c2 + c 1 = 0
2c2 + 2c c 1 = 0
(2c 1) (c + 1) = 0
1
c= , 1
2
1
c = 1,
2
1
greatest value =
2

c
24 2, b, c, are in A.P. 2b = 2 + c b=1
2
1 1 1
det. A = 2 b c
22 b2 c2
|A| = (2
b)(b c)(c 2) =
c c
= 2 1 1 c (c 2)
2 2

15
7
 c c 1 3
|A| = 1 1 (c 2) = (c 2) [2, 16]
2 2 4
(c 2)3 [8, 64]
c 2 [2, 4]
c [4, 6]

5 . + = 1 and =1
y 1
y 1 = (y + + + 1) {(y2 ( )2) (1 ) (1 )}
1 y
= y.(y2 ( + )2 + 4 1+( + ) ) = y3
2 3 1
G .
1 K 2 =0
2 1 1
9
By solving K =
2
2x + 3y z = 0 ....(1)
9
x + y 2z = 0 ....(2)
2
2x y +z = 0 ....(3)
(1) (3) 4y 2z = 0
2y = z ....(4)
y 1
....(5)
z 2
put z from eqn. (4) into (1)
2x + 3y 2y = 0
2x + y = 0
x 1
....(6)
y 2
(6) z
4
(5) x
x y z 1
K
y z x 2
x sin cos
Ff .
1 sin x 1
cos 1 x
2
= x( x 1) sin ( x sin cos ) + cos ( sin + x cos )
= x x + xsin + xcos = x3
3 2 2

15
8
 Similarly,
3
2= x
3
1 + 2 = 2x

1 1 1

28 g
D=0 1 2 2 0 =3
1 3
1 5 1
Dx = 0 ; Dy = 0 1 6 2 0
1 3
=7
Dz = 0 =7
So, + = 10

x 6 1 x 6 1 x 6 1
. 2 3x x 3 0 5 5x 5 0 1 x 1 0
3 2x x 2 3 2x x 2 3 2x x 2
x [ x(x + 2) ( 1)(2x)] + 6 [(x + 2) 3] 1(2x 3x) = 0
x3 7x + 6 = 0
sum of roots = 0
6 1 1 5 0 1
O . D2 = 0 2 0 2 2 0
5 2 4 7 6 4
5( 8 + 6 ) +1 ( 12 + 14 ) = 0 =3
is solution of 2 6=0

I .
= [sin ] [ cos ][cot ] .(1)
2
If , then [sin ] = 0 & [ cos ] = 0
2 3
Hence = 0, It has infinite solution.
7
Again if , then [sin ] = 1 & [ cos ] = 0
6
Hence = 1 & the system is homogeneous hence it has unique solution.

1 cos2 sin 2 4 cos 6

2 . cos2 1 sin 2 4 cos 6 = 0,
cos2 sin 2 1 4 cos 6
C3 C1+ C2 + C3

15
9
33 .
340
.

3④
④

⑤ .

⑧
tiny ::S ::3 htt
Xtc N tf 't
k-13

R, →
R, t Rg -

2
Rz

=/ a :b Its
N t C Rt 4
not
It 3
2
/
 f-Ck) 2-
=
Get3) ( Rt4) Get-2)

=
¥+9 -42-6×8
foe) =
I

f- CST )

⑧ FatGy 27=0 -
-

①
3ktty -127=0 -

②
R
2y GZ ③
-

- O
-
-

III ?.to
solutions
Infinite
-

from eg
's
① f② .

① -120 lose -1109=0 x= -

-222
x -
 1 cos 2 sin 2 2 4 cos 6
cos 2 1 sin 2 2 4 cos 6 0
cos 2 sin 2 2 4 cos 6
1 cos 2 sin 2 1
(2+4 cos 6 ) cos 2 1 sin 2 1 0
cos 2 sin 2 1
R1 R1 R2, R2 R2 R3
1 1 0
(2 4 cos(6 )) 0 1 0 0
2 2
cos sin 1
(2 + 4 cos 6 ) (1) = 0
1
cos 6 =
2
2
6 = 2n
3
n
=
3 9
In 0, , = , ,
3 9 3 9

x1 y1 x2 y2
P = ( sin ( ), cos ) , Q = (cos ( ), sin ) and
R = (cos ( + ), sin ( )), where 0 < , , <
4
= (cos ( ) cos sin ( ) sin , sin cos cos sin )
= (x2 cos + x1 sin , y2 cos + y1 sin )
x 2 cos x1 sin y 2 cos y1 sin
T= ,
cos sin cos sin
we can say (P,Q,T) are collinear points.
& P, Q, R are non collinear.

x 2y + 3z = 1
x + y 2z = k
x 3y + 4z = 1
1 2 3
D= 1 1 2
1 3 4

16
0
 1 2 1 2 1 1
=1 +2 +3
3 4 1 4 1 3
= (4 6) + 2 ( 4 + 2) + 3 (3 1)
= 2 + 2 ( 2) + 6 = 0
Statement-(1)
1 2 3
D1 = k 1 2 0
1 3 4
1 2 k 2 k 1
1 +2 +3 0
3 4 1 4 1 3
1 (4 6) +2 (4k + 2) +3 ( 3k 1) 0
2 + 8k + 4 9k 3 0
k+3 0
k 3 for no solution.
Statement-(2)
1 3 1
1 2 k 0 for k 3
1 4 1
= D2 D2 0 means no solution.

so, state (1) & (2) both are correct & II is correct explanation of (1).

(y + z) cos3 = (xyz) sin3 ..(1)

2cos 3 2sin 3
x sin3 = + ..(2)
y z
(xyz) sin3 = (y + 2z) cos3 + y sin3 ..(3)
eqn (2)
xyz sin3 = 2z cos3 + 2y sin3 ..(4)
from equation (1) & (4)
( y + z) cos3 = 2z cos3 + 2y sin3 ..(5)
form eqn (1) & (3)
( y + z) cos3 = (y + 2z) cos3 + y sin3 ..(6)
from eqn (5) & (6)
2z cos3 + 2y sin3 = (y + 2z) cos3 + y sin3
2z cos3 + 2y sin3 = y cos3 + 2z cos3 + y sin3
y sin3 = y cos3
tan3 = 1
3 = n
4

16
1
 1
= n
3 4
5 9 13
|n=0 = , |n=1 = , |n=2 = , |n=3 = (0, )
12 12 12 12
3 solutions.

(1 )2 (1 2 ) 2 (1 3 ) 2
(2 )2 (2 2 ) 2 (2 3 ) 2 = 648
(3 )2 (3 2 ) 2 (3 3 ) 2
2
1 2 1 4 24 1 9 26
2
4 4 4 4 2 8 4 9 2 12 = 648
2
9 6 9 4 2 12 9 9 218
R3 R3 R2 & R2 R2 R1
2
1 2 1 4 4 1 9 26
2

3 2 3 4 3 6 = 648 R3 R3 R2
5 2 5 4 5 6
2 2 2
2 2 4 2 9
2 3 2 3 4 3 6 = 648 R1 R1 R2
2 0 2 0 2 0
on taking common 2 from R3
2
2 4 2 2 9 2 2
2 3 2 3 4 3 6 = 648
1 1 1
C3 C3 C2
C2 C2 C1
2
2 3 2 5 2
2 3 2 2 2 = 648
1 0 0
2 2
3 5
2×1 = 648
2 2
2 × (6 3 10 3) = 648
4 3 = 324
2
= 81
=±9
(b) & (c) are correct.

16
2
 x x2 1 x3
2x 4x 2 1 8x 3 = 10
3x 9x 2 1 27x 3
R2 R2 2R1 & R3 R3 3R1
x x2 1 x3
0 2x 2 1 6x 3 = 10
0 6x 2 2 24x 3
R3 R3 3R2
x x2 1 x3
0 2x 2 1 6x 3 = 10
0 0 1 6x 3
On taking common x & x2 from c1 & c2
1 1 1 x3
x × x2 × 0 2 1 6x 3 = 10
0 0 1 6x 3
Expand along R3
1 1
x3 (1 6x 3 ) = 10
0 2
x3 (1 + 6x3) × 2 = 10
x3 + 6x6 5 = 0
6x6 + x3 5 = 0
(x3 + 1) (6x3 5) = 0
5
x3 = 1 & x3 =
6
1
5 3
x= 1 & x= two distinct solutions.
6

If a = 3 many solution for & .

3x + 2y =
3x 2y =
3 2
= for many solution = not & .
3 2
if a 3 then unique solution for & .
k 2
, k 3
3 2
if + = 0, then a = 3
3 2
= =
3 2

16
3
 1= 1= 1 many solutions.
if + 0 then
a= 3
3 2
= No solution.
3 2

1 sin 2 x cos 2 x 4sin 2x

2 2
( ) = sin x 1 cos x 4sin 2x
2 2
sin x cos x 1 4sin 2x
R1 R1 R2 R2 R2 R3
1 1 0
= 0 1 1
sin 2 x cos 2 x 1 4sin 2x
1 1 0 1 0 1
=1 1 2 0 2
2
cos x 1 4sin 2x sin x 1 4sin 2x sin x cos 2 x
= 1 + 4sin2x + cos2x + sin2x
= (2 + 4sin2x)max = (2 + 4) = 6 sin2x|max = 1

cos( ) sin( ) cos 2

sin cos sin
cos sin cos
cos sin sin sin sin cos
= cos( + ) + sin( + ) + cos2
sin cos cos cos cos sin
= cos( + ) (cos cos sin sin ) + sin( + ) (sin cos + sin cos ) + cos2 (sin2 + cos2 )
= cos( + ) cos( + ) + sin( + ) sin( + ) + cos2
= cos( + ) + cos2 = cos0 + cos2 = 1 + cos2 independent of .

a a3 a4 1
b b3 b4 1 = 0
c c3 c4 1
a a3 a 4 a a3 1
b b3 b 4 b b3 1 0
c c3 c 4 c c3 1
on taking common a, b, c from R1, R2 & R3

16
4
 1 a2 a3 a a3 1
2
abc 1 b b3 b b3 1 0
1 c2 c3 c c3 1
R1 R1 R2 & R2 R2 R3
0 a b a 3 b3
2 2
a b a 3 b3 0
(abc) 0 b 2 c 2 b3 c3 = b c b3 c3 0
1 c2 c3 c c3 1
0 a b a 2 b 2 ab 1 a 2 b 2 ab 0
(abc) (a b) (a c) 0 b c b 2 c 2 bc = 1 b 2 c 2 bc 0 (a b) (b c)
1 c2 c3 c c3 1
R1 R1 R2
0 a c a 2 c 2 b(a c) 0 a 2 c 2 b(a c) 0
(abc) 0 b c b 2 c 2 bc = 1 b 2 c 2 bc 0
2 3 3
1 c c c c 1
0 1 a c b 1 a c b 0
2 2 2 2
(abc) (a c) 0 b c b c bc = (a c) 1 b c bc 0
1 c2 c3 c c3 1
abc (ab + bc + ca) = (a + b + c)

(2) 2 2
(2) 2 2
(2) 2 2

1 (2) 2 1 (2) 2
1 (2) 2 1 (2) 2
1 (2) 2 1 (2) 2

1 1 (2) 1 1 (2) 1 1 2 1 (2) 2

1 1 (2) 1 1 (2) 1 1 2 1 (2) 2
1 1 (2) 1 1 (2) 1 1 2 1 (2) 2

Total 8 determinant after splitting.

a b a a b b
D1 = c d c c d d
a b a a b b

16
5
 a 0 b
a b
D1 = c 0 d = 2b = 2b[ad bc] ...(1)
c d
a 2b b
a c a a c c a c 0
a c
D2 = b d b b d d b d 0 =b = b[ad bc] ...(2)
b d
a c a a c c a c b
D1 2b[ad bc]
= 2
D2 b[ad bc]

1 a 2 x (1 b 2 )x (1 c 2 )x
( ) = (1 a 2 )x 1 b 2 x (1 c 2 )x
(1 a 2 )x (1 b 2 )x 1 c 2 x
C1 C1 + C2 + C3
1 x x x(a 2 b 2 c 2 ) (1 b 2 ) x (1 c 2 ) x
2 2 2 2 2
(x) = 1 x x x(a b c ) (1 b x) (1 c ) x
1 x x x(a 2 b 2 c 2 ) (1 b 2 ) x (1 c 2 x)
1 2x 2x (1 b 2 ) x (1 c 2 ) x
2 2
= 1 2x 2x 1 b x (1 c ) x
1 2x 2x (1 b 2 ) x 1 c 2 x
1 (1 b 2 ) x (1 c 2 ) x
2 2
= 1 1 b x (1 c ) x
1 (1 b 2 ) x 1 c 2 x
R1 R1 R2 & R2 R2 R3
0 x 1 0
= 0 1 x x 1
1 (1 b ) x 1 c 2 x
2

0 1 0
= (x 1) (x 1) 0 1 1
1 (1 b ) x 1 c 2 x
2

Expand along C1
= (x 1) (x 1) (1)
= x2 1 (2 degree polynomial )

a2x ay = 1 a (1) & bx + (3 2b) = 3 + a (2)

i e l i =1& =1 ..(3)
for unique solution

16
6
a2 a
b (3 2 b)
b
a .(4)
3 2b
From equation (1), (2) & (3)
a2 a = 1 a
a2 = 1
a=±1

b + (3 2b) = 3 + a
3 3 a=b
b= a

case-(1) a = 1, b = 1
From equation (4), a = 1, b = 1 is possible
case-(2) a = 1, b = 1
From equation (4), a = 1, b = 1 is not possible

(K 1)x + (3K + 1)y + 2Kz = 0

(K 1)x + (4K 2)y + (K + 3)z = 0
2x + (3K + 1)y + 3(K 1)z = 0
have a non-trivial solution
=0
(k 1) (3k 1) 2k
(k 1) 4k 2 k 3 0
2 3k 1 3(k 1)
C1 C1 + C2 + C3
6k 3k 1 2k
6k 4k 2 k 3 0
6k 3k 1 3(k 1)
1 3k 1 2k
6k 1 4k 2 k 3 0
1 3k 1 3(k 1)
R1 R1 R2 & R2 R2 R3
0 k 3 k 3
6k 0 k 3 2k 6 0
1 3k 1 3(k 1)
Expand along C1
6k[(6 2k) (3 k) (k 3)2] = 0
6k[18 6k 6k + 2k2 k2 9 + 6k] = 0

16
7
6k[k2 6k + 9] = 0
k = 0 or k2 6k + 9 = 0
6 36 36
k= 3
2
k = 0 & k = 3 (2 values)

The number of real value of x

x 3x 2 2x 1
2x 1 4x
3x 1 = 0
7x 2 17x 6 12x 1
R2 R2 2R1 R3 R3 7R1
x 3x 2 2x 1
1 2x 4 x 3 0
2 4x 8 2x 6
taking common 2 from R3
x 3x 2 2x 1
2 1 2(x 2) x 3 0
1 2(x 2) x 3
R1 & R3 are same in L.H.S.
So this is true for every x (infinite solutions)

x 1 (x 1) 2 x3
D(x) = x 1 x2 (x 1) 3
x (x 1) 2 (x 1)3
R3 R3 R2 R2 R2 R1
2
x 1 (x 1) x3
= 0 x 2 (x 1) 2 (x 1)3 x 3
1 (x 1) 2 x 2 0
(x 1) (x 1) 2 x3
= 0 (x x 1)(x x 1) (x 1 x)[(x 1) 2 x 2 x(x 1)]
1 (x 1 x)(x 1 x) 0
(x 1) (x 1) 2 x3
= 0 (2 x 1) (x 2 2 x 1 x 2 x 2 x)
1 (2 x 1) 0

16
8
 (x 1) (x 1) 2 x3
= 0 (2 x 1) (3x 2 3x 1)
1 (2 x 1) 0
R1 R1 + R3
x x 2 2x 1 2x 1 x3
= 0 (2 x 1) 3x 2 3x 1
1 (2 x 1) 0
x x2 2 x3
= 0 2x 1 3x 2 3x 1
1 2x 1 0
Expand along C1
(3x2 + 3x + 1) ( x2 x + 2) x3(2x 1)
after expanding comparing the coefficient of x .
coefficient of x = 5

a a b a 2b
a 2b a a b
a b a 2b a
R1 R1 + R2 + R3
3(a b) 3(a b) 3(a b)
= a 2b a a b
a b a 2b a
on taking common from R1
1 1 1
=3(a + b) a 2b a a b
a b a 2b a
C1 C1 C2 & C2 C2 C3
0 0 1
=3(a + b) 2b b a b
b 2b a
on expanding along R1
2b b
= 3(a + b)
b 2b
= 3(a + b) (4b2 b2)
= 9b2(a + b)

16
9
 a2 a 2 (b c) 2 bc
The determinant b2 b2 (c a) 2 ca
c2 c2 (a b) 2 ab
a2 a2 bc a2 (b c) 2 bc
= b2 b2 ca + b 2 (c a) 2 ca
c2 c2 ab c2 (a b) 2 ab
a2 (b c) 2 bc
= b2 (c a) 2 ca
c2 (a b) 2 ab
C2 C2 + 2C3
a b2 c2
2
bc
= b2 c2 a 2 ca
c2 a 2 b2 ab
C1 C1 + C2 + C3
a b2 c2 b2 c2
2
bc
= b2 c2 a 2 c2 a 2 ca
c2 a 2 b2 a 2 b 2 ab
1 b2 c2 bc
= (a2 + b2 + c2) 1 c 2 a 2 ca
1 a 2 b2 ab
R1 R1 R2 & R2 R2 R3
0 b2 a 2 c(b a)
= (a2 + b2 + c2) 0 c 2 b 2 a(c b)
1 a 2 b2 ab
0 b a c
= (a2 + b2 + c2) (b a) (c a) 0 c b a R1 R1 R2
1 a 2 b2 ab
0 a c c a
= (a2 + b2 + c2) (a b) (b c) 0 c b a
1 a 2 b2 ab
0 1 1
2 2 2
= (a + b + c ) (a b) (b c) (c a) 0 c b a
1 a 2 b2 ab
2 2 2
= (a + b +c ) (a b) (b c) (c a) ( a c b)

17
0
= (a b) (b c) (c a) (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 +c2)
A, C, D are correct.

1 sin 2 A cos2 A 2sin 4

2 2
sin A 1 cos A 2sin 4 = 0 (1)
2 2
sin A cos A 1 2sin 4
R1 R1 R2 R2 R2 R3
1 1 0
0 1 1
sin 2 A cos 2 A 1 2sin 4
2 + 2 sin4 = 0
sin4 = 1 so eqn (1) in finally independent of A.
so it is valid for all the value of A.
sin4 = 1
4 = sin 1 ( 1)
1
= sin 1 ( 1)
4

1 3 1
= =
4 2 4 2
3
= =
8 8
so, all are correct.

1 bc bc(b c)
(A) 1 ca ca(c a)
1 ab ab(a b)
R1 R1 xa
R2 R2 xb
R3 R3 xc
a abc abc(b c)
= b abc abc(c a) on taking common abc from C1 & C2
c abc abc(a b)
a 1 (b c)
2
= (abc) b 1 (c a)
c 1 (a b)
C1 C1 + C2 + C3

17
1
 a b c 1 b c
2
= (abc) b a c 1 c a
c b a 1 a b
1 1 b c
2
= (a + b + c) (abc) 1 1 a c = 0
1 1 a b

1 1
1 ab
a b
1 1
(B) 1 bc
b c
1 1
1 ca
c a
R1 R1 R 2
R2 R2 R 3
1 1 1
0 b(a c) 0 b
a c ac
1 1 1
= 0 c(b a) = (a c) (b a) 0 c
b a ab
1 1 1 1
1 ca 1 ca
c a c a
1 1
0 b c
ab ac
1 1 1 1 (c b)
= (a c) (b a) 0 c
ab ab ac a bc
1 1
1 ca
c a
1
0 1
abc
1
= (a c) (b a) (b c) 0 c
ab
1 1
1 ca
c a
1 1
= (a c) (b a) (b c) =0
ab ab

17
2
 0 a b a c
(C) b a 0 b c
c a c b 0
0
b c b a b c b a 0
=0 (a b) + (a c)
c b 0 c a 0 c a c b
= (a b) (b c) (c a) + (a c) (b a) (c b)
= (a b) (b c) (c a) (a b) (b c) (c a) = 0
log x xyz log x y log x z
(D) log y xyz 1 log y z
log z xyz log z y 1
ln xyz ln y ln z
1
= ln xyz ln y ln z = 0
lnx lny lnz
ln xyz ln y ln z

a b a b
b c b c =0
a b b c 0
R3 R3 R2
a b a b
b c b c =0
a b b c
C3 C3 C2
a b a
b c b =0
a b 2b c
on expanding
c b b b b c
a b +a
b 2b c 2b c a a b
2 2
(b ac) (2b + c + a ) = 0
If b2 ac = 0
b2 = ac
it means
a,b,c are in G.P.
2
if a + 2b + c = 0
it means is root of
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0
so (x ) is a factor, (b) & (d) are correct.

17
3
1 a 2 b2 2ab 2b
2 2
2ab 1 a b 2a
2b 2a 1 a 2 b2
R1 R1 + bR3 & R2 R2 aR3
1 a 2 b2 0 2b b(1 a 2 b 2 )
= 0 1 a 2 b2 2a a(1 a 2 b 2 )
2b 2a 1 a 2 b2
(1 a 2 b2 ) 0 b(1 a 2 b 2 )
= 0 (1 a 2 b 2 ) a(1 a 2 b 2 )
2b 2a 1 a 2 b2
1 0 b
2 2 2
= (1+a +b ) 0 1 a
2b 2a 1 a 2 b 2
= (1+a2+b2)2 (1+a2+b2)
= (1+a2+b2)3

A B C
cot cot cot
2 2 2
B C C A A B
tan tan tan tan tan tan =0
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1

B C A C A B
tan tan tan tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C B C C A A B
cot cot cot tan tan tan tan tan tan =0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1

C1 C1 C2 & C 2 C2 C3
C B A A C B A B
tan tan tan tan tan tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C B A C B A B
cot cot cot tan tan tan tan tan tan =0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 1

17
4
 C A A B
tan tan tan tan
2 2 2 2
B A C B A B
tan tan tan tan 1 1 tan tan =0
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 1

B A C B C A
tan tan tan tan tan tan =0
2 2 2 2 2 2
It means A = B or B=C or C=A
So triangle must be isosceles.

L.H.S.
a 2 2ap p 2 a 2 2aq q 2 a 2 2ar r 2
= b 2 2bp p 2 b 2 2bq q 2 b 2 2br r 2
c2 2cp p 2 c 2 2cq q 2 c 2 2cr r 2
a2 2a 1 1 p p 2
= b2 2b 1 1 q q 2
c2 2c 1 1 r r 2
1 2a a 2 1 p p 2
= 1 2b b 2 1 q q 2
1 2c c 2 1 r r 2
1 2ap a 2p 2 1 2aq a 2q 2 1 2ar a 2r 2
= 1 2bp b 2p 2 1 2bq b 2q 2 1 2br b 2r 2
1 2pc p 2c 2 1 2cq c 2q 2 1 2cr c 2r 2
(1 ap) 2 (1 aq) 2 (1 ar) 2
= (1 bp) 2 (1 bq) 2 (1 br) 2 proved.
(1 pc) 2 (1 cq) 2 (1 cr) 2

x cy bz = 0
cx + y az = 0
bx + ay z = 0
1 c b
c 1 a =0
b a 1
1 a c a c 1
1 +c b =0
a 1 b 1 b a

17
5
( 1 + a2) +c (c + ab) b ( ac b) = 0
a2 + b2 + c2 1 + abc + abc = 0
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1 proved.

x+y+z=6
x + 2y + 3z = 10
x + 2y + z =
for (a) unique solution
1 1 1
1 2 3 0
1 2
R3 R3 R 2 , R2 R2 R1
1 1 1
0 1 2 0
0 0 3
( 3) 0
3

infinite solution
6 1 1
D1 = 10 2 3 = 3 than = 10
2
D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
No solution
D=0, =3 & D1 or D2 or D3 0 10

x+y+z= 1 .(1)
x + 2y + 4z = p .(2)
2
x + 4y + 10z = p .(3)
1 1 1 1 1 1
D= 1 2 4 = 0 1 3 =0
1 4 10 0 2 6
means only possibility of solutions.
1 1 1
D1 = P 2 4 =0
P2 4 10
C1 C1 C2 & C2 C2 C3

17
6
 0 0 1
P 2 2 4 =0
2
P 4 6 10
0 0 1
2 × 2 (P 2) 1 1 2 =0
P 2 3 5
4 (P 2) =0
4 (P 2) ( 3 + P + 2) = 0
P = 2, 1
for P = 1 let z = k from ean (1)
x = 1 + 2k
y = 3k
z=k
for P = 2 let z = k
x = 2k , y = 1 3k & z=k

solve the equations

kx + 2y 2z = 1
4x + 2ky z = 2
6x + 6y + kz = 3
A X =B
k 2 2 x 1
4 2k 1 y = 2
6 6 k z 3
k 2 2
|A| = 4 2k 1
6 6 k
2
= k (2k + 6) 2 (4k+6) 2 (24 12k)
= 2k3 + 6k 8k 12 48 + 24k
= 2k3 + 22k 60
= 2 (k3 + 11k 30)
= 2 (k 2) (k2 + 2k + 15)
D<0
always (+) ive.

when k 2

17
7
 1 2 2
Dx = 2 2k 1
3 6 k
2
= (2k + 6) 2 (2k + 3) 2 (12 6k)
= 2k2 + 6 4k 6 24 + 12k
= 2k2 + 8k 24 = 2(k2 + 4k 12)
= 2 (k 2) (k + 6)

k 1 2
Dy = 4 2 1
6 3 k
= k (2k + 3) 1 (4k + 6) 2 (12 12)
= 2k2 + 3k 4k 6
= 2k2 k 6 = 2k2 4k + 3k 6 = 2k (k 2) +3 (k 2)
= (k 2) (2k + 3)
k 2 1
Dz = 4 2k 2
6 6 3
= k (6k 12) 2 (12 12) +1 (24 12k)
= 6k2 12k 24 + 24 + 24 12k
= 6k2 24k + 24
= 6 (k2 4k + 4) = 6 (k 2)2

Dx 2(k 2)(k 6) (k 6)
X= = 2
= 2
D 2(k 2)(k 2k 15) (k 2k 15)
Dy (k 2)(2k 3) (2k 3)
Y= = 2
=
D 2(k 2)(k 2k 15) 2(k 2 2k 15)
Dz 6(k 2) 2 3(k 2)
Z= = 2
= 2
D 2(k 2)(k 2k 15) (k 2k 15)

Case (2) if k = 2
k 6 8
z = 0 if x = 2
= =
k 2k 15 23
8
1 2
2k 3 1 2 23 = 7
than y= 2
= =
2(k 2k 15) 2 2 46
2k 12
1 2 2
1 2 k 2k 15 = k 2k 15 2k 12 = k2 3 7
= 2 2
=
2 2 2(k 2k 15) 2(k 2k 15) 46

17
8
x + ay = 3 (1)
ax + 4y = 6 (2)
From equation (1) & (2)
6 3
x= , y=
a 2 a 2
x>1
6
>1
2 a
2 a
<1
6
2+a<6
a<4 ..(1)
y>0
3
>0
a 2
a> 2 ..(2)
positive integer = {1,2,3}
Now for
a=1
x+y=3
x + 4y = 6
1 1
unique soln
1 4
a=2
x + 2y = 3
2x + 4y = 6
1 2 3
= = soln
2 4 6
so there are so many values of x & y
( )ive also (Not accepted)
a = 3, x + 3y = 3
3x + 4y = 6
1 3
3 4
unique solution.
1 & 3 are acceptable = Sum = 4
x y z
a= , b= , c=
y z z x x y
ay az = x , bz bx = y , cx cy = z
x ay + az = 0 (1)
bx + y bz = 0 (2)
cx cy z = 0 (3)

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9
1 a a
b 1 b =0
c c 1
1 b b b b 1
1 +a +a =0
c 1 c 1 c c
1 bc + a ( b + bc) +a ( bc c) = 0
1 bc ab + abc abc ac = 0
1 + ab + bc + ca = 0 Proved.

a2x + ay + z = a3
b2x + by + z = b3
c2x + cy + z = c3
a2 a 1
D = b2 b 1
c2 c 1
a b 1 0
= (a b) (b c) b c 1 0
c2 c 1
1 0 0
= (a b) (b c) (c a) b c 1 0
c2 c 1
D = (a b) (b c) (c a)

a3 a 1
D1 = b3 b 1
c3 c 1
(a b)(a 2 b 2 ab) a b 0 a 2 b 2 ab 1 0
= (b c)(b 2 c 2 bc) b c 0 = (a b)(b c) b 2 c 2 bc 1 0
c3 c 1 c3 c 1
a 2c 2 b(a c) 0 0
= (a b)(b c) b 2 c 2 bc 1 0
c3 c 1
a b c 0 0
= (a b)(b c)(a c) b 2 c 2 bc 1 0
c3 c 1
= (a b)(b c)(c a) (a + b + c)

18
0
 D1
X= = (a + b + c)
D
a2 a3 1 a b a 2 b 2 ab 0
D2 = b 2 b3 1 = (a b) (b c) b c b 2 c 2 bc 0
c2 c3 1 c2 c3 1
1 a c b 0
2
2
= (a b) (b c) (a c) b c b c bc 0
c2 c3 1
= (a b) (b c) (c a) (b2 + c2 + bc (a + b + c)(b + c))
= (a b) (b c) (c a) (b2 + c2 + bc ab ac b2 bc bc c2)
= (a b) (b c) (c a) (ab + bc + ca)
D
Y = 2 = (ab + bc + ca)
D
a2 a a3 a 1 a2 a2 a 1
D3 = b 2 b b3 = abc b 1 b 2 = abc b 2 b 1
c2 c c3 c 1 c2 c2 c 1
D3
Z= = abc
D

18
1