DEBTA TUTORIALS
CARBON & Its COMPOUNDS
SCIENCE
Class : 10TH
Roll No:10TH Time:
Date : MM :80
ENGLISH
Write the electron dot structure of ethene molecule (C 2H4). 1
1
ANS:
2 Name the following compounds:
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ANS: (a) Ethanol (b) Ethanal
3 Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of propane, C 3H8. 1
ANS:
4 Write the molecular formula of benzene and state the number of double bonds
1
in its structure.
ANS: C6H6 It has three double bonds.
5 State two characteristic features of carbon which when put together give rise
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to large number of carbon compounds.
ANS: (i) Catenation
(ii) Tetravalency of carbon
6 Which element exhibits the property of catenation to maximum extent and
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why?
ANS: Carbon shows catenation to maximum extent because it forms strong
covalent bonds.
7 Name the functional group present in each of the following compounds:
1
(i) HCOOH (ii) C2H5CHO
ANS: (i) —COOH (Carboxylic acid)
(ii) —CHO (Aldehyde)
8 Write the name and formula of the first member of the carbon compounds
1
having functional group —CHO.
ANS:
9 Draw the structure of the hexanal molecule, C 5H11CHO. 1
ANS:
10
Name the following compound:
ANS: 1-Hexyne is IUPAC name of the compound.
11 Write molecular formulae of alcohol which can be derived from butane. 1
ANS:
12 Write the name of each of the following functional groups: (a) —OH (b)
1
ANS: (a) Alcohol (b) ketone
ENGLISH Write the names and molecular formula of two organic compounds having
13 functional group suffixed as ‘–oic acid’. With the help of a balanced chemical
2
equation and explain what happens when any one of them reacts with sodium
hydroxide.
ANS: HCOOH (Methanoic acid), its molecular formula is CH 2O2.
CH3COOH (Ethanoic acid), its molecular formula is C2H4O2.
When acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, its sodium salt and water is formed.
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
Ethanoic acid Sodium ethanoate Water
14 Write IUPAC names of 2
(i) CH3COCH2CH3 (ii)
(iii) HCOOH (iv) CH3COOCH3
ANS: (i) Butanone (ii) 2-Propanol
(iii) Methanoic acid (iv) Methyl ethanoate
15 Atom of an element contains five electrons in its valence shell. This element is
major component of air. It exists as a diatomic molecule.
(i) Identify the element. 2
(ii) Show the bond formed between two atoms of this element.
(iii) Write the nature of the bond between the two atoms.
ANS: (i) Nitrogen. (ii)
(iii) Covalent bond.
ENGLISH Give reason why carbon neither forms C4+ cations nor C4– anions, but forms
16 covalent compounds which are bad conductor of electricity and have low 3
melting and low boiling points.
ANS: Carbon can not lose four electrons to form C4+ ions as very high energy
is required to remove four electrons. Carbon can not gain four electrons to form
C4– ions as 6 protons can not hold 10 electrons and energy needs to be
supplied to overcome repulsion.
Carbon can share four electrons to form covalent compounds. Carbon
compounds do not conduct electricity as they are non-polar and do not form
ions.
They have low melting and boiling points due to weak van der Waal’s forces of
attraction between molecules.
17 With the help of an example, explain the process of hydrogenation. Mention the
essential conditions for the reaction and state the change in physical property 3
with the formation of the product.
ANS: Hydrogenation is the process in which unsaturated hydrocarbon like
alkenes react with hydrogen in presence of nickel as catalyst to form saturated
compounds. The liquid
reactant changes into solid product. Vegetable oils are converted into vegetable
ghee by hydrogenation.
18 Draw the electron-dot structure for ethyne. A mixture of ethyne and oxygen is
burnt for welding. In your opinion, why cannot we use a mixture of ethyne and 3
air for this purpose?
ANS: Ethyne and air will not
produce enough heat due to incomplete combustion needed for welding
purpose. Ethyne and oxygen will produce lot of heat due to complete
combustion which can be used for welding purposes.
19 (a) Define the term functional group. Identify the functional group present in
3
(i) (ii)
(b) What happens when 5% alkaline KMnO 4 solution is added drop by drop to
warm ethanol taken in a test tube? State the role of alkaline KMnO 4 solution in
this reaction.
ANS: (a) It is atom or group of atoms or reactive part of compound which
largely determine the chemical properties of compound.
(i) Methanal (ii) Ethanoic acid.
(b) CH3CH2OH + 2[O] CH3COOH + H2O
Alkaline KMnO4 acts as oxidising agent.
20 Define the term ‘structural isomerism’. Explain why propane cannot exhibit this
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property. Draw the structures of possible isomers of butane, C 4H10.
ANS: The phenomenon in which compounds have same molecular formula
but different structures are called structural isomerism.
Lower alkanes till propane do not show isomerism. They cannot have a
branched chain structure to exhibit isomerism.
The structures of possible isomers of butane, C4H10 are:
21 (a) What is a homologous series of compounds? List any two of its
characteristics.
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(b) What is the next higher homologue of C3H7OH? What is its formula and what
is it called?
ANS: (a) Homologous series is a series of organic compounds which have
same functional group and similar chemical properties. Each member differs
from successive member by —CH2— group. The difference in molecular weight
between two successive members is 14 u.
Characteristics:
(i) Each homologous series has same general formula and same functional
group.
(ii) There is gradation in physical properties.
(b) C4H9OH is higher homologue of C3H7OH. It is called Butanol. Its formula is
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.
22 Two carbon compounds P and Q have the molecular formula C 3H6 and C3H8
respectively. Which one of the two is most likely to show addition reaction?
3
Justify your answer. Also give the chemical equation to explain the process of
addition reaction in this case.
ANS: C3H6 is likely to show addition reaction because it has double bond.
Addition Reaction:
23 A carboxylic acid C2H4O2 reacts with an alcohol in the presence of H2SO4 to
form a compound ‘X’. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO 4 followed by
3
acidification gives the same carboxylic acid, C2H4O2. Write the name and
structure of (i) carboxylic acid, (ii) alcohol and (iii) the compound ‘X’.
ANS:
24 Complete the following equations:
(i) CH4 + O2 → 3
(ii) C2H5OH (iii) CH3COOH + NaOH →
ANS: (i) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
(ii) C2H5OH CH2=CH2 + H2O
(iii) CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
25 Write a chemical equation in each case to represent the following types of
chemical reactions of organic compounds :
(i) Oxidation reactions 3
(ii) Addition reactions
(iii) Substitution reactions
ANS: (i) Oxidation reaction:
(ii) Addition
reaction: (iii) Substitution
reaction:
26 A compound ‘X’ is formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid C2H2O4 and an
alcohol in the presence of Conc. H2SO4. This alcohol on treating with alkaline
3
KMnO4 gives the same carboxylic acid used in the reaction. Give the name and
structure of carboxylic acid, alcohol. Write the reaction involving formation of ‘X’.
ANS:
27 An ester has the molecular formula C4H8O2. Write its structural formula. What
happens when this ester is heated in the presence of sodium hydroxide
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solution? Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and name the
products. What is a saponification reaction?
ANS: There are three possible structural formulae of esters with molecular
formula C4H8O2.
CH3CH2COOCH3, HCOOCH2CH2CH3, CH3COOC2H5
or
or
Saponification is the process in which an ester is treated with sodium
hydroxide to form sodium salt of acid and alcohol is formed.
28 An organic compound ‘A’ is an essential constituent of wine and beer. Oxidation
of ‘A’ yields an organic acid ‘B’ which is present in vinegar. Name the
compounds ‘A’ and ‘B’ and write their structural formula. What happens when 3
‘A’ and ‘B’ react in the presence of an acid catalyst? Write the chemical
equation for the reaction.
ANS: ‘A’ is ethanol (C2H5OH) which is essential constituent of wine and beer
and ‘B’ is acetic acid (CH3COOH) which is present in vinegar.
When
‘A’ and ‘B’ react in the presence of an acid catalyst, ethyl ethanoate is formed.
29 On dropping a small piece of sodium in a test tube containing carbon compound
‘X’ With molecular formula C2H6O, a brisk effervescence is observed and a gas
‘Y’ is produced, On bringing a burning splinter at the mouth of the test tube the
3
gas evolved burns with a pop sound. Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’. Also write the chemical
equation for the reaction. Write the name and structure of the product formed,
when you heat ‘X’ with excess conc. sulphuric acid.
ANS: ‘X’ is C2H5OH
‘Y’ is H2(g)
which burns with ‘pop’ sound.
Ethene, CH2=CH2 is
the product.
ENGLISH An organic compound ‘X’ on heating with conc. H 2SO4 forms a compound ‘Y’
30 which on addition of one molecule of hydrogen in the presence of nickel forms a
compound ‘Z’. One molecule of compound ‘Z’ on combustion forms two
5
molecules of CO2 and three molecules of H2O. Identify giving reasons the
compounds ‘X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’. Write the chemical equations for all the chemical
reactions involved.
ANS: Ethanol, on
dehydration with conc. H2SO4 gives ethene. Ethene, on addition with H2 in
presence of Ni as catalyst as undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane.
One molecule of Ethane on
combustion gives 2 molecules of CO2 and 3 molecules of H2O.
31 A carbon compound X turns blue litmus to red and has a molecular formula
C2H4O2. Identify X and draw its structure. Write chemical equation for the
reaction and name of the product formed in each case when X reacts with 5
(a) ethanol in the presence of conc. H2SO4
(b) sodium carbonate.
ANS: ‘X’ is ethanoic acid.
32 When ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate a salt X is formed
along with a gas Y. Name X and Y. Describe an activity and draw the diagram of
5
the apparatus used to prove that the gas Y is one which you have named. Also
write the chemical equation for the reactions involved.
ANS: ‘X’ is sodium ethanoate. ‘Y’ is CO2 gas.
Aim : To demonstrate the reaction of carboxylic acid with sodium hydrogen
carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Materials Required: Ethanoic acid, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium
hydrogen carbonate, lime water.
Evolution of carbon dioxide gas by reaction of ethanoic acid with
sodium hydrogen carbonate Procedure:
1. Set the apparatus as shown in diagram.
2. Take 1 g of NaHCO3 and add 2 ml of ethanoic acid into it.
3. Pass the gas formed through lime water and note down the
observations.
4. Repeat the same procedure with sodium carbonate and record
your observations.
Observation: Brisk effervescence due to carbon dioxide formed
which turns lime water milky.
Chemical Reaction:
Conclusion: Carboxylic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate to
liberate CO2 gas which turns lime water milky.
33 (a) What is a soap? Why are soaps not suitable for washing clothes when the
water is hard? 5
(b) Explain the action of soap in removing an oily spot from a piece of cloth.
ANS: (a) Soap is a sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid. Soaps are not
suitable for washing clothes when the water is hard because Ca 2+ and Mg2+ ions
react with soap to form calcium and magnesium salts of fatty acids which are
insoluble in water.
(b) Soap has hydrophilic (water loving) and hydrophobic (water hating)
hydrocarbon part which attracts oil and stabilises the emulsion. Hydrophilic part
of soap attracts water and oil and dirt is washed away from the cloth.