Report Text
1. Pengertian
Report text adalah jenis teks dalam Bahasa Inggris yang berfungsi untuk memberikan
informasi faktual tentang suatu objek secara umum, seperti hewan, tumbuhan, benda, atau
fenomena alam.
2. Tujuan (Purpose)
Menyajikan informasi atau fakta
Mendeskripsikan sesuatu apa adanya
Digunakan dalam buku pelajaran, ensiklopedia, laporan ilmiah
3. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure)
1. General Classification
→ Pernyataan umum tentang objek yang dibahas
2. Description
→ Penjelasan rinci (ciri, bagian, fungsi, kebiasaan, dll.)
4. Ciri Kebahasaan (Language Features)
Menggunakan Simple Present Tense
Lions live in Africa.
Menggunakan kata benda umum (general nouns)
Cats, computers, trees
Banyak memakai kata kerja relasional
is, are, have
Menggunakan istilah ilmiah (jika perlu)
Contoh Report text
1. Komodo Dragon
The Komodo dragon is the largest living lizard in the world and can only be found naturally in
Indonesia, especially on Komodo Island, Rinca Island, Flores, and several surrounding islands.
This animal belongs to the monitor lizard family and can grow up to three meters in length and
weigh more than 70 kilograms.
Komodo dragons have rough, grayish-brown skin covered with strong scales that protect their
bodies. They have sharp claws, powerful legs, and a long muscular tail which helps them
maintain balance and attack prey. Their sense of smell is extremely strong, allowing them to
detect carrion or prey from several kilometers away.
Komodo dragons are carnivorous animals. They usually hunt deer, wild boars, goats, and
sometimes smaller Komodo dragons. They use their sharp teeth and venomous saliva to weaken
their prey before killing it. After catching prey, Komodo dragons can consume up to 80 percent
of their body weight in one meal.
2. The Sun
The Sun is a star located at the center of the solar system and plays a very important role in
sustaining life on Earth. It is made mostly of hydrogen and helium gases that produce energy
through nuclear fusion. This process releases enormous amounts of heat and light.
The Sun has a surface temperature of about 5,500 degrees Celsius, while its core temperature can
reach more than 15 million degrees Celsius. The energy produced by the Sun travels to Earth in
the form of sunlight, which is essential for photosynthesis, weather systems, and the water cycle.
Without the Sun, life on Earth would not be possible. Plants use sunlight to produce food,
animals depend on plants for energy, and humans rely on solar energy both directly and
indirectly. Therefore, the Sun is considered the main source of energy for life on Earth.
3. Volcanoes
Volcanoes are natural landforms created by the movement of molten rock from beneath the
Earth’s surface. They are commonly found along tectonic plate boundaries, especially in areas
known as the Ring of Fire, including Indonesia.
A volcano consists of a magma chamber, vents, and a crater. When pressure inside the magma
chamber becomes too strong, magma is forced out through the vents and erupts as lava, ash, and
gas. Volcanic eruptions can be explosive or gentle, depending on the type of magma.
Although volcanoes can cause destruction, they also provide benefits. Volcanic soil is very
fertile and good for agriculture. Volcanoes also help create new land and release minerals that
are useful for human life.
4. Whales
Whales are large marine mammals that live in oceans around the world. They are divided into
two main groups: baleen whales and toothed whales. Baleen whales feed on small organisms
such as plankton, while toothed whales hunt fish and squid.
Whales breathe air through blowholes located on the top of their heads. Even though they live in
water, they must surface regularly to breathe. Whales are warm-blooded animals and have a
thick layer of fat called blubber to keep them warm in cold ocean waters.
Whales are known for their intelligence and complex communication. Some species produce
songs that can travel long distances underwater. These sounds are used to communicate,
navigate, and attract mates.
5. Rainforests
Rainforests are dense forests that receive high amounts of rainfall throughout the year. They are
mostly found in tropical regions near the equator, such as the Amazon, Congo, and Southeast
Asia. Rainforests are home to millions of plant and animal species.
The climate in rainforests is usually warm and humid. Tall trees form a thick canopy that blocks
much of the sunlight from reaching the forest floor. This creates different layers of vegetation,
each supporting various types of organisms.
Rainforests play an important role in regulating the Earth’s climate. They absorb carbon dioxide
and produce oxygen, helping reduce the effects of global warming. Therefore, protecting
rainforests is essential for the future of the planet.
6. Computers
Computers are electronic devices used to process data and perform various tasks. They work by
receiving input, processing information, and producing output. Computers are widely used in
education, business, communication, and entertainment.
A computer consists of hardware and software. Hardware includes physical components such as
the monitor, keyboard, CPU, and mouse. Software refers to programs and operating systems that
control how the computer works.
Computers have made human activities faster and more efficient. With the development of
technology, computers continue to evolve and play a crucial role in modern life.