*Computer Basics* *Computer
- Computer: An Architecture*
electronic device - CPU (Central
that processes data Processing Unit):
- Hardware: Executes
Physical components instructions,
(e.g., CPU, keyboard, performs
mouse) calculations
- Software: - Motherboard: Main
Programs and circuit board
operating systems connecting hardware
(e.g., Windows, MS components
Office) - Memory (RAM):
- *Computer Types* Temporary storage
- Desktop: for data and
Personal computer applications
for home or office - Storage (HDD/SSD):
use Long-term data
- Laptop: Portable storage
computer for on-the-
go use *Operating Systems*
- Tablet: - Windows:
Touchscreen device Microsoft's popular
for browsing and OS for desktops and
entertainment laptops
- Smartphone: - macOS: Apple's OS
Mobile phone with for Mac computers
computer - Linux: Open-source
capabilities OS for desktops,
- *Computer History* servers, and
- First Generation: supercomputers
Vacuum tubes - Android: Google's
(1940s-1950s) OS for mobile
- Second devices
Generation:
Transistors (1950s- *Programming
1960s) Languages*
- Third Generation: - Python: High-level
Integrated circuits language for web
(1960s-1970s) development, data
- Fourth science, and AI
Generation: - Java: Object-
Microprocessors oriented language
(1970s-present) for Android app
- *Computer development, web
Applications* development
- Word processing: - JavaScript:
Creating documents Scripting language
(e.g., MS Word) for web
- Spreadsheets: development,
Data analysis and dynamic client-side
calculations (e.g., MS scripting
Excel) - C++: High-
- Presentations: performance
Creating slideshows language for
(e.g., MS PowerPoint) systems
- Internet: programming, game
Browsing, email, and development
online
communication *Networking*
- *Computer - IP Address: Unique
Security* identifier for devices
- Virus: Malicious on a network
software that harms - DNS (Domain Name
computers System): Translates
- Antivirus: domain names to IP
Software that addresses
protects against - HTTP (Hypertext
viruses Transfer Protocol):
- Firewall: Network Protocol for web
security system that communication
monitors and - Wi-Fi: Wireless
controls incoming networking
and outgoing traffic technology for
- Password: Secret internet connectivity
code to protect
accounts and data *Cybersecurity*
- Encryption:
Protecting data with
algorithms and keys
- Firewalls: Network
security systems
monitoring and
controlling traffic
- Malware: Software
designed to harm or
exploit systems
- Phishing: Social
engineering attacks
via email or
messaging
*Database
Management*
- Relational
databases (RDBMS):
Organizing data in
tables (e.g., MySQL)
- NoSQL databases:
Handling
unstructured or
semi-structured data
(e.g., MongoDB)
- Data modeling:
Designing database
structures for
efficient data
retrieval
*Artificial
Intelligence and
Machine Learning*
- AI: Simulating
human intelligence
in machines
- ML: Training models
on data for
predictive insights
- Deep learning:
Neural networks for
image, speech, and
natural language
processing
- NLP (Natural
Language
Processing):
Analyzing and
generating human
language
*Cloud Computing*
- IaaS (Infrastructure
as a Service):
Virtualized
computing resources
- PaaS (Platform as a
Service): Cloud
platforms for
application
development
- SaaS (Software as a
Service): Cloud-
hosted software
applications
- Cloud storage:
Online storage
services (e.g.,
Google Drive,
Dropbox)