SCHOOL OF MECHATRONICS

Date: 17/8/2025

Course Title: Electrical Machines

Year & Section: Second Year and A&B
Subject: Question Bank for Tutorial Sessions
Module: M1 - Transformers
Course Instructor: Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam
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1. What is transformer and its functions along with its applications in AC

Transmission.
2. Explain the working principle if Transformer and what happened if DC Supply
is given to transformer.
3. Derive the EMF Equation of single phase transformer.
4. Explain various transformation ratios of the transformer.
5. What is VA rating of a transformer and why its specified in VA and not in Watts
6. What are the assumptions made for an ideal transformer.
7. Explain the operation of an ideal transformer on no load and Practical
transformer on load?
8. How to calculate equivalent resistance, reactance and impedance referred to
primary and secondary in a transformer.
9. Draw and explain the equivalent circuit of transformer.
10. Draw and explain the full load phasor diagram of single phase
transformer for lagging, leading and unity power factor loads
11. What is regulation of the transformer. State its significance.
12. Derive the expression for voltage regulation of a transformer on lagging,
leading power factor loads.
13. Explain the various losses in transformer and how to minimize them. On
what factors they depend. Give the equations for these losses.

Symbiosis Skills and Professional University, Kiwale, Ravet, Pune - 412101

14. How eddy current losses and hysteresis losses occur ? How frequency
affects these losses in transformer.
15. Define Efficiency of transformer and how to obtain efficiency at different
loads.
16. Derive the condition for the maximum efficiency for a transformer.
17. Explain the concept of auto transformer and explain copper savings in
autotransformer.
18. Explain advantages, disadvantages and applications of autotransformers.
19. Explain Isolation Transformer working and its applications.
20. A single phase 20 kVA transformer has 1000 primary turns and 2500
secondary turns. The net cross sectional area of the core is 100 cm2. When the
primary winding is connected to 500 V, 50 Hz supply, calculate i) The maximum
value of the flux density in the core ii) The voltage induced in the secondary
winding and iii) The primary and secondary full load currents.
21. A single-phase, 50 Hz transformer has 80 turns on the primary winding
and 400 turns on the secondary winding. The net cross-sectional area of the
core is 200 cm2. If the primary winding is connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz supply,
determine: i) The e.m.f. induced in the secondary winding. ii) The maximum
value of the flux density in the core.
22. For a single phase transformer having primary and secondary turns of
440 and 880 respectively, determine the transformer kVA rating if half load
secondary current is 7.5 A and maximum value of core flux is 2.25 mWb.
23. A 250 kVA, 11000/415 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has 80 turns
on the secondary. Calculate: i) The rated primary and secondary currents. ii)
The number of primary turns. iii) The maximum value of flux. iv) Voltage
induced per turn. [Ans.: 22.7272 A, 602.4096 A, 2122, 23.3671 mWb, 5.1875
V/turn] 8. A 1 phase transformer has 1000 turns on its primary and 400 turns
on the secondary side. An a.c. voltage of 1250 V, 50 Hz is applied to its primary
side, with the secondary open circuited. Calculate: i) The secondary e.m.f. ii)

Symbiosis Skills and Professional University, Kiwale, Ravet, Pune - 412101

 Maximum value of flux density, given that the effective cross-sectional area of
core is 60 cm2. [Ans.: 500 V, 0.9384 Wb m2]
24. A 30 kVA, 2000/200 V, single phase, 50 Hz transformer has a primary
resistance of 3.5 ohms and reactance of 4.5 ohms. The secondary resistance
and reactance are 0.015 ohms and 0.02 ohms respectively. Find i) Equivalent
resistance, reactance and impedance referred to the primary side ii) Total
copper losses in the transformer.
25. A 15 kVA, 2200/110 V transformer has R1 = 1.75 ohms, R2 = 0.0045
ohms. The leakage reactance’s are X1 = 2.6 ohms and X2 = 0.0075 ohms.
Calculate, a) Equivalent resistance referred to primary b) Equivalent resistance
referred to secondary c) Equivalent reactance referred to primary d) Equivalent
reactance referred to secondary e) Equivalent impedance referred to primary f)
Equivalent impedance referred to secondary g) Total copper loss. (Ans.: R2e =
0.00887 ohms, X2e = 0.014 ohms, Copper loss = 458.419 W)
26. A 250/125 V, 5 kVA single phase transformer has primary resistance of
0.2 ohms and reactance of 0.75 ohms. The secondary resistance is 0.05 ohms
and reactance of 0.2 ohms. i) Determine its regulation while supplying full load
on 0.8 leading p.f. ii) The secondary terminal voltage on full load and 0.8 leading
p.f.
27. A 10 kVA, 1-phase transformer with 2000/400 V at no load, has
resistance and leakage reactance of primary winding of 5.5 ohms and 12 ohms
respectively, the corresponding values of secondary winding being 0.2 ohms
and 0.45 ohms. Determine the value of secondary voltage at full load, 0.8 power
factor lagging, when the primary applied voltage is 2000 V.
28. Calculate the voltage regulation of transformer in which ohmic drop is 1%
and reactance drop 5% of the voltage at the following power factor i) 0.8 lagging
ii) 0.8 leading.
29. A 20 kVA, 2000/200 V single phase transformer has the following
parameters. H.V. winding: R1 = 3 ohms, X1 = 5.3 ohms, L.V. winding: R2 =
0.05 ohms, X2 = 0.1 ohms. Find the voltage regulation at, i) Power factor 0.8
Symbiosis Skills and Professional University, Kiwale, Ravet, Pune - 412101
 lagging ii) UPF iii) 0.707 power factor leading. (Ans.: 7.79%, 4%, –2.5805% Use
cos phi= 1, sin phi= 0 for unity power factor)
30. A 4 kVA, 200/400 V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer has equivalent
resistance referred to primary as 0.15 . Calculate, i) The total copper losses on
full load ii) The efficiency while supplying full load at 0.9 p.f. lagging iii) The
efficiency while supplying half load at 0.8 p.f. leading. Assume total iron losses
equal to 60 W.
31. A 250/ 500 volts, single-phase transformer gave the following test results
- Short circuit test: 20 volts, 12 A, 100 watts (L.V. short-circuited) Open circuit
test: 250 volts, 1 A, 80 watts (Low voltage side) Determine the efficiency of the
transformer when the output is 12 amp., 500 volts at 0.85 power factor lagging.
32. The efficiency of a 400 kVA, single phase transformer is 98.77% at full
load 0.8 power factor and 99.13% at half full load unity power factor. Find: i)
Iron losses at full and half full loads ii) Cu losses at full and half full loads.
33. A 250 kVA single phase transformer has iron loss of 1.8 kW. The full load
copper loss is 2000 watts. Calculate, i) Efficiency at full load, 0.8 lagging p.f. ii)
kVA supplied at maximum efficiency iii) Maximum efficiency at 0.8 lagging p.f.
34. The maximum efficiency of a 100 kVA transformer is 98.40% and operates
at 90% full load unity power factor. Calculate the efficiency of a transformer at
unity power factor at full load.
35. The maximum efficiency of a 100 kVA, 1100/440 volt 50 Hz transformer
is 96%. This occurs at 75% of full load at 0.8 pf lagging. Find the efficiency of
transformer at 3/4 FL at 0.6 p.f. leading.
36. A 40 kVA single phase transformer has core loss of 450 W and full load
copper loss of 850 W. If the power factor of the load is 0.8 calculate: i) Full load
efficiency ii) Maximum efficiency at u.p.f. iii) Load for maximum efficiency.
[Ans.: 29.1 kVA, 97%, 29.1 kVA]
37. A single phase 25 kVA 1000/2000 V, 50 Hz transformer has maximum
efficiency of 98% at full load u.p.f. Determine its efficiency at: i) 3/4 full load

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 u.p.f. ii) 1/2 full load 0.8 p.f iii) 1.25 full load 0.9 p.f. [Ans.: 255.102 watts,
97.918%, 96.909%, 97.728%]
38. A 600 kVA, 1 phase transformer has an efficiency of 92% both at full load
and half full load, u.p.f. Determine its efficiency at 75% full load, 0.9 p.f. [Ans.:
91.64%] 6. A 25 kVA transformer has an efficiency of 94% at full load unity p.f.
and at half full load, 0.9 p.f. Determine the iron loss and full load copper loss.
[Ans.: 1170.2126 W, 425.5319 W]
39. In a 50 kVA, 11 kV/400 V transformer, the iron and copper looses are
500 W and 600 W respectively under rated conditions. a) Calculate the
efficiency on full load at unity p.f. b) Find the load for maximum efficiency.
[Ans.: 97.847%, 45.6435 kVA, 114.1088 A]
40. The efficiency of a 250 kVA, single phase transformer is 96% when
delivering full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging and 97.2% when delivering half load at
unity p.f. Determine the efficiency at 75% of full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging. [Ans.:
2023.319 W, 6310.013 W, 96.4179%]

Dr. Nageswara Rao Atyam

Associate Professor
School of Defence & Aerospace Technology

Symbiosis Skills and Professional University, Kiwale, Ravet, Pune - 412101