CLASS 11 COMPUTER SCIENCE (CODE 083) ras ee et ey Cc Getting Started with Python A Comprehensive Guide: From Basic Syntax to Flow Control Unit 2; Computational Thinking and Programming - 1The Foundation: Understanding Python Python is a high-level, interpreted, free, and open-source programming language invented by Guido van Rossum. It is case-sensitive and platform- independent. “Computer programming is an art... because it applies accumulated knowledge to the world, because it requires skill and ingenuity, and especially because it produces objects of beauty.” - Donald Knuth Source Code v Interpreter Processes statements one by ‘one, Stops immediately on ror. v Machine Language Binary (0s and 13) execution.The Workshop: Modes of Execution Interactive Mode | Script Mode Instant execution. Data lost onexit. 1 — Save as.-py files. Run full modules. Best for testing. i Best for building. “see ~) eS oe 1 (1a [Link]-Crncepes-1py (270 3 print("Save Earth") >>> 4-2 print("Preserve Future") 2 1 >>> "Hello" + "World" H ‘HelloWorld' 1 >>> ‘ \ pI )Engineering Manual The Grammar: Keywords, Identifiers & Comments 1. Keywords (Reserved Words) ‘Words with special meaning to the interpreter. Cannot be used as variable names. False class finally is retum None continue for = lambda try True def from nonlocal and, del global not with as elif it or yield assert’ ~—else_— import «= pass. break except. in raise 2. Identifiers (Names) Names for variables, functions, or objects. ‘© Must start with a letter (A-Z) or underscore (_). Can contain letters, digits, and underscores. * Case sensitive (Var != var) * No special symbols (@, $, %). 3. Comments (Documentation) Non-executable notes. Ignored by the interpreter. # This is 9 conment X= 5 # Assigns 5 to xThe Containers: Variables & Objects In Python, everything is an Object. Object Properties: 1, Identity (Address): id (object) 2. Type (Data Class): type(object) 3. Value (Data Content) Variables: Named references to objects. Created upon assignment. LValue (Variable) = R-Value (Object/Expression) Object Reference JetBrains Mono [— Name (Identifier) Reference 20 The Object num1 (The Identifier) Object in MemoryRaw Materials I: Numeric & Boolean Data Types Type Description Integer (int) Whole numbers, positive or negative. Floating Point (float) | Numbers with decimal points or scientific notation. Complex (complex) Real and Imaginary parts (A + Bj). Boolean (bool) Subtype of integer. Truth values. None (NoneType) Represents the absence of a value. Booleans: True is non-zero/non-null. False is 0. Examples -2 @ 125 -2.04 4.8 -9,8*10%2 See pony True (1), False (0) NoneRaw Materials Il: Sequence Data Types Ordered collections indexed by integers. “© String (str) Sequence of characters. Immutable. Hle[ala o| [ ] List Qist) Ordered collection Mutable (Changeable). list! = [5, 3.4, "Delhi"] ( ) Tuple (tuple) Ordered collection Immutable (Fixed). tup = (10, 20, "Apple") Omma aeeo ain omaaer a usti>] 5 [3.4] "Delhi"Raw Materials Ill: Sets & Dictionaries Sets (‘set*) Dictionaries (“dict*) Keys Values 10 20 20 ‘Fruit’ ‘Apple’ 3.14 ‘Price’ 120 + Unordered collection in {}’. * Key-Value pairs in {}’. Mapping * No duplicates allowed. « Accessed via Keys, not index. 5 d= {'Fruit': ‘Apple’, ‘Price’: 120} Peete ee print(d['Price']) # Output: 120The Physics: Mutable vs. Immutable The Classification + Immutable (Cannot change in place): + Mutable (Changeable in place): o int o° list ° float ° dict ° bool ° set o str © tuple Memory Visualization Before and After After (num1 = num2 + 100) num id: 2200 300 id: 1000 num id: 1000 Immutable types create new objects when modified.The Tools I: Arithmetic & Relational Operators Arithmetic Operators Relational Operators + (Add) | (Sub) | «(mun | 7 (0m Return Boolean True or False. + == (Equal) . + 15 (Not Equal) // Floor Div: 13 // 4 -> *3* ne - < 1 cs % Modulus: 13 % 5° -> “3° Example: strl > str2° x Exponent: 2 ** 3° -> “8° (Lexicographical check)The Tools II: Logical & Assignment Operators Logical Operators (Roboto) Clean truth table. A BA and BJA or B| not A True | True | True | True | False True | False | False | True | False False | True | False | True | True False | False | False | False | True and: True only if BOTH are True. or: True if ONE is True. not: Inverses the boolean value. Assignment Operators (Ro! Update values efficiently. = : Assigns value += : Add and assign boto) JetBrains Mono JetBrains Mono -= :Subtract and assign JetBrains Mono *= ;Multiply and assign JetBrains Mono /= :Divideandassign JetBrains Mono x t= 5-—> x] = [x] + [5 String Special Case: + =Concatenation ("Hello" + "World") * = Repetition ("India" * 2)The Pathways: Flow of Control (Selection) The Structure: if - elif - else if num > 0: print('Positive') elif num < 0: Indentation print('Negative') Block else: print(‘Zero') Print Positive Print Negative Print ZeroThe Engines: Flow of Control (Repetition) The For Loop Iterate over a sequence (range, list, string). for i in range(1, 5, 2): 1 Zee hay oe 6 S excluded The While Loop Execute while condition is True, while x > 0: Watch out for Infinite Loops. Jump Statements —> break : Exit loop. for i in range(5): bi + break print (i) # Output: 8, 1, 2 — continue : Skip to next iteration. for i in range(s): if i == 2: continue print (i) # Output: 8, 1, 3, 4Troubleshooting: Errors & Debugging ql Syntax Errors Grammar rules violated. Detected BEFORE execution. Missing colon (:) S Runtime Errors Abnormal Termination. Occurs DURING execution. Division by Zero NameError i Logical Errors Incorrect Output. Code runs, but logic is wrong. Hardest to detect. Wrong formula used.Syllabus Roadmap: Unit 2 Computational Thinking & Programming (45 Marks) Practical Work (30 Marks) Success Checklist Fe 1. Lab Test (8 Marks) ¢ Master Syntax & Indentation. Python programs, + Deeply understand Data rf 2. Report File (7 Marks) Types. Min 20 programs. * Practice Loops daily. 3. Project Work (8 Marks) e Trace code manually to fix Real life application. Logical Errors. 1) 4. Viva Voce (7 Marks) Start Coding Now.