7.

AKASH INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL The human excretory system removes metabolic wastes from the body. What is the main
( DHANKAUL , MAKHDUMPUR) nitrogenous waste product found in human urine?
Pre –Board Examination ( 2025 -26 ) (d) Urea (c) Creatine (b) Uric acid (a) Ammonia
Class X 8.
Science (086) Assertion (A): Very little digestion takes place in the large intestine.
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 80 Reason (R): The primary function of the large intestine is the absorption of water from
General Instructions: undigested food.
1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 3 sections. Section A is Biology, (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B is Chemistry and Section C is Physics. (b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some (c) A is true but R is false.
questions. A student is expected to attempt only one of these questions. (d) A is false but R is true.
SECTION – A 9.
1. Assertion (A): Geographical isolation of a population can lead to speciation.
What is the muscular wall that separates the right and left sides of the human heart, Reason (R): The separated population accumulates different genetic variations over time,
preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood? which can lead to it becoming reproductively incompatible with the original population.
(d) Septum (c) Ventricle (b) Atrium (a) Valve (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. (b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
The main thinking part of the human brain, which is the site of learning, memory, (c) A is true but R is false.
intelligence, and voluntary actions, is the: (d) A is false but R is true.
(d) Pons (c) Medulla (b) Cerebrum (a) Cerebellum 10.
3. Aquatic animals like fish have a much faster rate of breathing compared to terrestrial
The malarial parasite, Plasmodium, exhibits a specific type of asexual reproduction where animals. Provide a scientific reason for this observation.
a single parent cell divides into many daughter cells simultaneously. This process is 11.
known as: A. What is the function of the enzyme salivary amylase? Where is it found, and what
(d) Fragmentation (c) Multiple Fission (b) Binary Fission (a) Budding would happen to starch digestion if this enzyme were absent?
4. OR
Mendel’s experiments with pea plants led to the formulation of several laws of B. What are the two main conducting tissues in plants? Name the substance that each of
inheritance. Which law states that alleles for different traits are inherited independently of them transports.
one another? 12.
(b) Law of Segregation (a) Law of Dominance What are producers, consumers, and decomposers? Give one example of each from a
(d) Law of Unit Factors (c) Law of Independent Assortment forest ecosystem.
5. 13.
Ozone is a molecule that plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth. What is the correct
chemical formula for an ozone molecule? Tabulate three key differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system for
(d) CO₂ (c) O₃ (b) O₂ (a) O control and coordination in animals.
6. 14.
Consider the following statements about the parts of a typical flower:
(i) The stamen is the male reproductive part, consisting of the anther and filament. In a cross between a pea plant with violet flowers (VV) and a pea plant with white flowers
(ii) The pistil (or carpel) is the female reproductive part, consisting of the stigma, style, (vv):
and ovary.
(iii) Petals are often brightly coloured to attract insects for pollination. (i) What will be the phenotype of the F₁ generation?
(iv) Sepals are the primary reproductive organs of the flower. (ii) If the F₁ plants are self-pollinated, what will be the ratio of violet to white flowered
Which of the above statements are correct? plants in the F₂ generation?
(a) (i) and (ii) only (iii) What is this type of cross, involving a single trait, called?
(b) (i), (ii), and (iii) 15. The diagram below shows a schematic representation of blood circulation in humans.
(c) (iii) and (iv) only
(d) All are correct.
 (c) Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
(d) Nitric acid (HNO₃)
21.
Saturated hydrocarbons contain only carbon–carbon single bonds. Which of the following
is a saturated hydrocarbon?
(a) Ethene (C₂H₄)
(b) Propyne (C₃H₄)
(c) Butane (C₄H₁₀)
(d) Ethyne (C₂H₂)
22.
To prevent the oil and fats in potato chips from getting oxidised, manufacturers fill the
bags with which gas?
A. Why is the circulation in humans referred to as ‘double circulation’? (d) Carbon dioxide (c) Nitrogen (b) Hydrogen (a) Oxygen
OR 23.
B. Differentiate between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Brass is an important alloy used in making decorative items and musical instruments. It is
C. Trace the flow of deoxygenated blood from the body tissues until it is oxygenated in an alloy of:
the lungs. (a) Copper and Tin
16. (b) Copper and Zinc
A. (c) Aluminium and Copper
(i) Draw a diagram to show regeneration in Planaria. (d) Lead and Tin
(ii) How is this process different from reproduction? 24.
(iii) Name another organism that shows a high capacity for regeneration. Assertion (A): Butane and Propane are members of the same homologous series.
OR Reason (R): Members of a homologous series have the same general formula and
B. successive members differ by a –CH₂ group.
(i) State the function of the following parts of the human female reproductive system: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Oviduct (a) Ovary (b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(ii) What is the placenta? List its two main functions. (c) A is true but R is false.
(iii) What happens to the uterine wall if fertilization of the egg does not occur? (d) A is false but R is true.
SECTION – B 25.
17. Why is it recommended to clean a magnesium ribbon with sandpaper before burning it in
The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia is represented as air?
xN₂(g) + yH₂(g) → zNH₃(g). 26.
The values of x, y, and z required to balance the equation are: Attempt either option A or B.
(a) x=1, y=3, z=2 A. Explain the process of extracting mercury from its chief ore, cinnabar (HgS). Write
(b) x=2, y=3, z=2 balanced chemical equations for the reactions involved.
(c) x=1, y=2, z=3 OR
(d) x=2, y=2, z=3 B. What are amphoteric oxides? Give an example of an amphoteric oxide and support your
18. answer by writing one balanced chemical equation for its reaction with an acid and one
A solution turns red litmus paper blue. Its pH is likely to be: with a base.
(d) 10 (c) 5 (b) 4 (a) 1 27.
19. A student is given three solutions labelled A, B, and C with pH values of 4, 7, and 10,
Most non-metals are not lustrous. Which of the following non-metals possesses lustre? respectively. Answer the following questions:
(d) Iodine (c) Nitrogen (b) Oxygen (a) Sulphur (a) Which solution is neutral? Justify your answer.
20. (b) Which solution is alkaline?
Which of the following is considered a weak acid? (c) Arrange the three solutions in increasing order of their hydrogen ion (H⁺)
(a) Hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration.
(b) Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) 28.
A substance ‘X’, which is a yellowish-white powder, is used for disinfecting drinking (b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
water and for bleaching cotton in the textile industry. It is produced by the action of (c) A is true but R is false.
chlorine gas on dry slaked lime. (d) A is false but R is true.
(a) Identify the substance ‘X’ and write its chemical formula. 33.
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the preparation of ‘X’. An object 7 cm tall is placed 27 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 18 cm.
(c) When ‘X’ is left exposed to air, it gradually loses its chlorine content. Why does this A. Calculate the image distance.
happen? Write a relevant chemical equation. B. Find the size of the image.
OR C. State the nature of the image.
(d) State any two uses of substance ‘X’ apart from those mentioned in the question. 34.
29. Attempt either option A or B.
Attempt either option A or B. A. Two resistors of resistances 3 Ω and 6 Ω respectively are connected to a battery of 6 V
A. so as to have:
(a) Write the IUPAC names for the following compounds: (a) Maximum resistance,
(ii) HCHO (i) CH₃–CH₂–CH₂Br (b) Maximum current.
(b) What is an addition reaction? Illustrate with the help of a balanced chemical equation. (i) How will you connect the resistances in each case?
(c) Why are addition reactions characteristic of unsaturated hydrocarbons? (ii) Calculate the strength of the current in the circuit in both cases.
OR OR
B. B. Calculate the equivalent resistance from the given combination of resistors.
(a) What is a substitution reaction?
(b) Give an example of a substitution reaction involving an alkane. Write the balanced
chemical equation.
(c) Differentiate between soaps and detergents based on their chemical composition and
their effectiveness in hard water.
SECTION – C
30.
A student is studying the image formed by a plane mirror and makes the following
35.
statements:
What is dispersion of white light? State its cause. Draw a ray diagram to show the
I. The image formed is always virtual and erect.
dispersion of white light by a glass prism.
II. The image is laterally inverted.
36.
III. The size of the image is always smaller than the size of the object.
The values of current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential
Choose the correct option:
difference V across the resistor are given below:
(a) I and II
(b) I and III
(c) I, II and III Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the resistance of the resistor.
(d) II and III 37.
31. A student states that a rainbow is formed due to reflection, refraction, and dispersion of
A person suffering from hypermetropia is unable to see nearby objects clearly. Which of sunlight by water droplets.
the following correctly describes the reason for this defect? (i) Is the statement correct?
(a) The image of a nearby object is formed in front of the retina. (ii) Explain briefly.
(b) The image of a nearby object is formed on the retina. 38.
(c) The image of a nearby object is formed behind the retina. The image formed by a convex lens depends on the position of the object in front of the
(d) The eye lens is a concave lens. lens. When the object is placed anywhere between focus and infinity, the image formed by
32. a convex lens is real and inverted. The image is not obtained on the screen when the object
Assertion (A): A ray of light passing through the focus of a convex lens becomes parallel is placed between the focus and the lens. The distance between the optical centre O of the
to the principal axis after refraction. convex lens and the focus points F₁ and F₂ is its focal length.
Reason (R): The principal focus is the point on the principal axis where all parallel rays When the object shifts from –∞ to F₁, the image moves from F₂ to +∞.
converge after refraction.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
 (i) Name the type of current in two cases.
(ii) Identify any one source for each type of current.
(iii) What is the frequency of current in case (b) in our country?
(iv) On the basis of these graphs list two differences between the two currents.
(v) Out of the two, which one is used in transmitting electric power over long distances
When the object shifts from F1 to O, the image moves 3- to O. and why?
OR
B. The flow of current in a circular loop of wire creates a magnetic field at its centre. How
may existence of this field be detected? State the rule which helps to predict the direction
of this magnetic field.
A student did an experiment with a convex lens. He put an object at different distances
from the lens. In each case, he measured the distance of the image from the lens. The
results were recorded in the following table:

Unfortunately, his results are written in the wrong order.