MATHEMATICS

SCHEME

Papers Nomenclature Periods/Week Duration Max. Marks

of Exam. SC So. Sci
Algebra 3 3 Hrs. 66 66
Calculus 3 3 Hrs. 66 66
Vector Calculus and 3 3 Hrs. 68 68
Geometry
Max. Marks 200 200
Min. Pass Marks 72 72

PAPER- I (ALGEBRA)
Note : The paper consists of three sections
Section A This section contain 10 questions of 01 Mark cach (02 question from each unit) all
questions are compulsory
Section B: This section contain 05 questions of 04 Mark each (01 question from each unit)all questions
are compulsory
SectionC:This section contain 0S questions of 12 Mark each (01 question from each unit)attempt any
03 questions
Unit - I
Relation between roots and coefficients of general polynomial equation in one variable, transformation
of equations, Descartes' rule of signs, Solution of Cubic equations (Cardono's Method) Biquadratic
Equations(Ferrari Method).
Unit - Il|
Symmetric, Skew symmetric. Hermitianand skew Hermitian matrices. Linear Independence of row and
column matrices. Row rank, Column rank, Rank of a matrix by Echelon form, the characteristic
equation of a matrix and eigenvectors. Cayley Hamilton theorem and its use in finding inverse of a
matrix. Applications of matrices to a system of linear (both homogenous and
equations. Theorems of consistency ofa system of linear equations. non-homogenous)
Unit - | |
Definitions and examples of groups, general properties of groups, subgroups,
cyclicgroups,
cosetsdecomposition, Lagrange's theorem and its consequences, Fermat's and Euler's theorems.
Unit -IV
Homomorphism and isomorphism of groups, normal subgroups, quotient groups. The fundamental
theorem of homomorphism. Kernel of homomorphism and its properties.
Unit -V
Permutations groups, even, odd and cyclic permutations,
Conjugacy, and simple groups. Cayley's theorem. Order of antranspositions, the alternating group-An
element of a group and its properties.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Chandrika Prasad
The Text Book of Algebra and Theory of Equations,
PothishalaPvt Ltd. Allahabad.
2. Vashitha, A.R.
3. Gokhrooet. Al.
:Modern Algebra, Krishna PrakashnaMandir, Meerut
32
:Matrices (Hindi Ed.) NavkarPrakashan, Ajmer
 4. Gokhrooet. AI.
:Abstract Algebra (English/Hindi Ed.)
NavkarPrakashan,
Ajmer.
5. P.B. Bhattacharya and Others :Basic Abstract Algebra (2" Edition) Camb. University
Press Indian Edition, 1997
6. I. N. Herstein :Topics in Algebra Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi (1975)
7. Bansal, Bhargava & Agarwal :Abstract Algebra, Jaipur Publishing House, Jaipur
PAPER-II (CALCULUS)
Note: The paper consists of three sections
Section A: This section contain 10 questions of 01 Mark each (02 question from each
questions are unit) all
compulsory
Section B: This section contain 05 questions of 04 Mark each (01 question from each unit)all
questions
are
compulsory
Section C: This section contain 05 questions of 12 Mark each (01 question from each
03 unit)attempt any
questions
Unit -|
Pedal equation ofa curve,Envelope and Evolutes, Asymptotes, Curvature: Various
Formulae, centre of
curvature, chord of curvature and related problems.

Unit- II
Partial differentiation, chain of variables, Euler's theorem on homogeneous
functions, first two
differential coefficients of an implicit functions. Taylor's theorem for functions of two variables,
Jacobians with properties.
Unit - III
Maximum - Minimum and saddle points of functions of two and three variables connected by a
relation. Lagrange's method of undermined multipliers. Test of concavity and convexity, points of
inflexion, multiple points, curve tracing in Cartesian and polar coordinates (standard curves).
Unit - IV
Differentiation and Integration under the sign of integration, Beta and Gamma functions, double
integrals, change of order of integration, transformation in polar coordinates.
Unit- V
Quardrature, rectification, volume and surface of solid of revolution. Triple integrals. Dirichlet's
integrals and Liouville's extension.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Gorakh Prasad :Text Book of Differential calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd.
Allahabad
2. Gorakh Prasad :Text Book of Integral calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd.
Allahabad
3. N. Piskunov :Differential and Integral calculus, Peace Publications,
Moscow
4. Gokhrooet. al. :Differential Calculus (English/Hindi Ed.) Navkar
5. Gokhrooet. al.
Prakashan, Ajmer.
:Integral Calculus (English/Hindi Ed.) Navkar
Prakashan, Ajmer.
33
 6. Erwin Kreyszig :Advance Engineering Mathematics Johm Willey
and
sons 1999

PAPER-III (VECTOR CALCULUS AND GEOMETRY)

Note : The paper consists of three sections
Section A:This section contain 12 questions of 01 Mark each (at least 02 question from each unit)
all
questions are compulsory
Section B: This section contain 05 questions of 04 Mark each (01 question from each
are
unit)all questions
compulsory
Section C:This section contain 05 questions of 12 Mark each (01 question from each
03 questions
unit)attempt any
Unit - I
Scalar and Vector point functions, vector differentiation, directional derivatives, gradient,
and curl. Identities involving these operators and related problems. divergence
Unit - |
Vector integration, theorems of Stokes, Green, Gauss' and problem based on them (Statement and
verifications)
Unit-|
General equations of second degree in two dimensions, Tracing of conics, Polar equations of
tangents, normal equations, asymptotes, chord of contact, pole and polar. conics:
Unit- IV
Sphere, cone and cylinder.
Unit -V
Central conicoid : Ellipsoid ; tangent planes, polar planes, polar lines, enveloping cone,
cylinder, sections with given centre. Normals, conjugate diameters and diameteral planesenveloping
properties. Paraboliod tangent plane, diameters, diameteral planes. Normals. Plane sectionand their
of conicoids.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Murray R. spiegal :Vector Analysis Schaum Publishing Co. , New York.
2. [Link] and S.N. Nigam
:Introduction to Vector Anal ysis Pothishala Pvt.
Ltd.
Allahabad
3. Shanti Narian :A text book of Vector Calculus S. Chand & Co, New
Delhi.
4. Gokhrooet, al. :Vector Calculus (English/Hindi Ed.) Navkar
Prakashan, Ajmer.
5. [Link] and R. S. Gupta
Pvt.
:Analytic Geometry of three dimension Pothishala
Ltd. Allahabad
6. Shanti Narian
7. Golaset. al.
:Analytic Solid Geometry. S. Chand & Co. New Delhi.
8. Gokhrooet.. al.
:Analytic Solid Geometry
:Coordinate Geometry (English/Hindi Ed.) Navkar
Prakashan, Ajmer.
34
 MATHEMATICS

Papers Nomenclature Periods/Week Duration Max. Marks

Of Exam. Sc So. Sc.
Higher Calculus 3 3 Hrs. 66 66
Differential Equations 3 3 Hrs. 66 66
Mechanics 3 3 Hrs. 68 68
Max. Marks 200 200
Min. Pass Marks 72 72

PAPER- I(HIGHER CALCULUS)

Note : The paper consists of three sections
Section A: This section contain 10 questions of 01 Mark each (02 question from each unit) all
questions are compulsory
Section B This section contain 05 questions of 04 Mark each (01 question from each unit) all
questions are compulsory
Section C: This section contain 05 questions of 12 Mark each (01 question from each unit) attempt
any 03 questions

Unit -I

99

Limit e-5 definition of the limit of a function, Limit of functions of one and two variables,
Continuity, classification of discontinuities, Sequential continuity, Properties of continuous functions,
Uniform continuity, Continuity of functions of two variables.
Unit - I|
Differentiability, Chain rule of differentiability, Differentiability of functions of two variables,
Darboux's intermediate value theorem for derivatives, Mean Value Theorems and their geometrical
interpretations, Taylor's theorem with various forms of remainders, Taylor's theorem for functions of
two variables.
Unit- III
Riemann integral, Partition, Darboux sums, Lower and Upper integrals, Integrability of
continuous and monotonic functions. the fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus, Mean value
theorems of Integral Calculus.

Unit - IV

Real sequence, definition, Theorems on limits of sequences, Bounded and monotonic

sequences, Cauchy's convergence criterion.
Infinite Series of non negative terms, Comparison tests, Cauchy's n" root test, Ratio tests,
Raabe's, logarithmic, De Morgan and Bertrand's tests Alternating series, Leibniz theorem, Absolute
and conditional convergence.
Unit -V
Uniform convergence of series of functions, WeierstrassM-test, Abel's and Dirichlets test for
uniform convergence. Improper integrals and their convergence, Comparison tests, Abel's and
Dirichlet's tests, Fourier Series, Fourier expansion of piecewise monotonic functions.
Books Recommended:
1. Real Analysis ShantiNarayan
Real Analysis : G. N. Purohit
3. Real Analysis : Bhargava &Goyal
4. Advanced Calculus Gokhroo et. al. (English / Hindi Ed.)
5. Theory of Convergence: Gokhroo et. al. (English /Hindi Edn.) Navkar
Prakashan, AJMER
 PAPER- II(DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS)
Note: The paper consists of three sections

i!
Section A : This section contain 10 questions of 01 Mark each (02 question from each unit) all
questions are compulsory
Section B: This section contain 05 questions of 04 Mark each (01 question from each unit) all
questions are compulsory
Section C: This section contain 05 questions of 12 Mark each (01 question from each unit) attempt
any 03 questions

100

Unit-I
Degree and order of a differential equations, Equations of first order and first degree,
Equations in which the variables are separable, Homogeneous equations, Linear equations and
equations reducible to the linear form, Exact differential equations, Integrating Factors, First order and
higher degree equations solvable for x, y, p, Clairaut's form and Singular solutions, Geometrical
meaning of a differential equation, Orthogonal trajectories.
Unit - I|
Linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Homogeneous Linear ordinary
differential equations, Ordinary simultaneous differential equations, Total differential equations.
Unit - II
Linear differential equations of Second order, Transformation of the equation by changing
dependent variable/the independent variable. Methods of variation of parameters.
Series solution of differential equations, Power series method, Bessel, Legendre and Hyper
geometric equations, Bessel, Legendre and Hyper geometric functions and their properties.
Unit - IV
Partial differential equations of the first order, Lagrange's solution, Some special type of
equations which can be solved easily by methods other than the general method, Charpit's general
method of solution.
Unit-V
Partial Differential equations of second order and higher orders, Classification of linear Partial
differential equations of second order, Homogeneous and non homogeneous equations with constant
coefficients, Partial differential equations reducible to equations with constant coefficients, Monge's
methods.

Books Recommended:
1. Differential Equations Ray and Chaturvedi
2. Differential Equations Sharma and Gupta
3 Differential Equations Bansal and others
Ordinary Differential Equations: Gokhroo et. al. (English / Hindi Ed.)
5. Partial Differential Equations: Gokhroo [Link]. (English /Hindi Edn.)
NavkarPrakashan, Ajmer
 PAPER II (MECHANICS)
Note: The paper consists of threesections
Section A:This section contain 12 questions of 01 Mark each (Atleast02 question from each unit) all
questions are compulsory
Section B: This section contain 05 questions of 04 Mark each (01 question from each unit) all
questions are compulsory
Section C: This section contain 05 questions of 12 Mark each (01question from each unit) attempt any
03 questions

Unit I
Analytical conditions of equilibrium of coplanar forces, friction.
Unit- II
101

Simple problems on Virtual Work, Catenary, Forces in three dimensions, Poinsot's central axis,
Wrenches, Null lines and planes.
Unit- III
Velocities and accelerations along radial and transverse directions, and along tangential and
normal directions, Simple Harmonic Motion, Rectilinear motion under variable laws.

Unit - IV
Hook's law, related problems on horizontal and vertical elastic strings. Constrained motion,
Circular and Cycloidal motion.
Unit - V
Impact, Central forces, Central orbits, p-r equation, Apses, Time in an orbit, Kepler's laws of
planetary motion.
Books Recommended:
1. Statics R.S. Verma
2 Statics (English/Hindi Ed.) Gokhroo et. al.
3 Statics S. M. Mathur
4 Text book of Dynamics M. Ray
5 Dynamics Gupta and Juneja
6 Dynamics (English/Hindi Ed.) : Gokhroo et. al., NavkarPrakashan, Ajmer
 05
MATHEMATICS

Papers Nomenclature Periods Duration Max. Marks

Per of Sc So. Sc.
Week Exam

I Advanced Algebra 3 3 Hrs. 66 66

Analysis 3 3 Hrs. 66 66
III Numerical Analysis 3 3 Hrs. 68 68
andOptnization
Techniques
Max. Marks 200 200

MGSU BIKANER (161]

Min. Pass Marks 72 72

PAPER- I(ADVANCED ALGEBRA)

Note: The paper consists of three Sections
Section A: This section contain 10 questions of 01 Mark each (02 question from each unit)
all questions are compulsory.
Section B: This section contain 0S questions of 04 Mark each (01 question from each unit)
all questions are compulsory.
Section C: This section contain 05 questions of 12 Mark each (01 question from each unit)
attempt any 03 questions.
Unit- I (Ring Theory)
Introduction to Rings, Zero divisors, Integral Domain and Fields, their examples and
properties. Characteristic of a ring and integral domain. Sub rings, subfields, Prime field,
Ring homomorphism, Embedding of Rings, Field of quotients of an integral domain.
Unit- II
ldeals and their properties. Principal ideal and principal ideal ring, Prime ideal,
Maximal ideal. Ideals and Quotient rings, Euclidean rings, Unique Factorization Domain,
Polynomial rings, Remainder theorem, factor theorem, Polynomials over the rational fields.

Unit - III (Linear Algebra)

Vector Spaces : Definition and examples of a vector spaces, subspaces, sum and
direct sum of subspaces, linear span, linear dependence, Independence and their basic
properties, Basis, finite dimensional vector spaces, Existence theorem for basis, invariance of
the number of elements of a basis set, Dimension, existence of complimentary subspace of a
subspace of a finite dimensional vector space, dimension of sums of subspaces, quotient
space and its dimension.
Unit- IV
Linear transformations : Linear Transformations and their representation as matrices,
the algebra of linear transformations, the Rank-Nullity theorem, change of basis, Dual space,
Dual Basis, Bidual space, Adjoint of a linear transformation, Annihilator of a sub space.
Unit- V
Eigen values and Eigen vectors, similar matrices, equivalent matrices, Similarity of
Linear transformations, Reduction to triangular form, Minimal Polynomial. Diagonalisation
of Matrices.
Books Recommended for Reference:
6 I.N. Herstein Topics in Algebra
7 Lang, S. Linear Algebra
8 Hoffman & Kunz Linear Algebra
9 A.R. Vashistha Modern Algebra
10. Gokhroo et. al. Ring Theory (English /Hindi Edn.)
11. Gokhroo et. al. Linear Algebra (English /Hindi Edn.)
 PAPER- II (ANALYSIS)
Note : The paper consists of three sections
Section A:This section contain 10 questions of 01 Mark cach (02 question from each unit)
all questionsare compulsory
Section B: This section contain 05 questions of 04 Mark each (01 question from each unit)
all questions are compulsory
Section C: This section contain 05 questions of 12 Mark each (01 question from each unit)
attempt any 03 questions
Unit- I (Metric Spaces)
Real Number System as a complete Ordered Field.
MGSU BIKANER (1621

The point set theory, Open and Closed sets, Limit point of a set, Neighborhood,
Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, Heine-Borel theorem, Compactness, connectedness, Cantor's
ternary set.
Unit- II
Definition and example of a metric space, Diameter of a set, Bounded set, Open
sphere, Interior point and Interior of a set, Derived and Closure of set, Closed set, Closed
Sphere, Properties of Open and Closed sets, Boundary point of set, Convergent and Cauchy
sequences, complete metric space, Cantor's Intersection theorem. Dense subset, Baire
Category theorem.
Unit - III
Limit of a function, Continuous function, theorem on necessary and sufficient
conditions for continuity of a function, Uniform continuity, Contracting mapping, Banach
Fixed Point theorem, Equivalent matrices, Compactness, Sequentially compactness, Totally
Bounded space, Finite Intersection properties.
Unit - IV (complex Analysis)
Complex Numbers as ordered pairs, Complex plane, Geometrical representation,
Connected and compact sets, Curves and region in the complex plane, Statement of Jordan
curves theorem, Extended complex plane and stereographic projection, Complex valued
functions limits, Convergence, continuity, Differentiailbility in the extended plane, Analytic
functions. Cauchy-Reimann equations (Cartesian &Polar forms).
Unit- V
Harmonic functions, Construction of an analytic function, conformal mapping,
Bilinear transformation and its properties, Fixed points, Cross ratio, Inverse point,
Elementary maps. F(z) = 1/2 (z+1/z), Z2, 2z, sinz and logz
Books Recommended forReference:
6. Shanti Narain Complex Variables, S. Chand, New Delhi.
7. Gupta, KP : Complex Analysis
8. Sharma J.N. Metric Spaces, Krishna PrakashanMandir,
Meerut.
9 Gokhroo [Link]. Metric Spaces (English /Hindi Edn.)
10. Gokhroo [Link]. Complex Analysis (English / Hindi Edn.) Navkar
Publications, Aimer.
 AJmer.
PAPER- III
(NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES)
Note : The paper consists of three sections
Section A: This section contain 12 questions of01 Mark each (At least 02 question from
each unit) all questions are compulsory
Section B : This section contain 05 questions of 04 Mark each (01 question from each unit)
all questions are compulsory
Section C : This section contain 05 questions of 12 Mark each (01 question from each unit)
attempt any 03 questions
Unit- I
Difference operators and factorial notation. Relation between difference and
derivatives. Difference of polynomial. Newton's formulae for forward and backward
interpolation for equal intervals.
Unit - II

Divided difference. Relation between divided differences and simple differences.

Newton's general interpolation formula. Lagrange's interpolation formula. Gauss central
difference formula. Stirling and Bessel interpolation formula. Inverse interpolation.
Unit- III
MGSU BIKANER [163]

Numerical differentiation and integration. Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's 1/3,3/8 rules.

Weddle' s rule. Solution of algebraic Transcendental equations, Bisection method. Regular
Falsi method. Newton-Raphson method.
Unit- IV
The simplex algorithm and its application to simple linear programming problems.
Concept of duality in Linear programming problems, Formation of dual problem, Elementary
theorem of duality.
Unit- V
Assignment problems, Transportation Problems
Books Recommended:
7 Saxena, H. C. Numerical Analysis
8 Goyal and Mittal Numerical Analysis
9 Gokhroo et. al. Numerical Analysis (Hindi /English Edn.)
Navkarprakashan, Ajmer
10. Bansal and Ojha :Numerical Analysis (Hindi Edition)
11. Gokhroo et. al. Linear Programming (Hindi /English Edn.)
NavkarPrakashan, Ajmer
12. Hadley G. Linear Programming Problems