SETHOO (ALLER-ALLER) CENTRE OF STUDIES
BOX KN269, KANESHIE-ACCRA
0243438697/0275673147/0247865486
INTEGRATED SCIENCE
TUTORIAL QUESTIONS [BIOLOGY]
1. a) Give two (2) sources of each of following 8. a) Differentiate between periodontal disease and
food substances dental caries
i) Carbohydrates ii) Proteins iii) Lipids b) State four (4)
b) State two (2) uses of each of food substances i) causes of tooth decay
listed in (a) above to humans ii) preventive measures of tooth decay
2. Describe the role of roughage in humans 9. Define each of the following terms
3. a) What are essential nutrients? a) Ingestion b) Digestion c) Egestion
b) For each of the following deficiency 10. a) What are enzymes?
diseases, state one (1) nutrient that is lacking b) State four (4) characteristics of enzymes
i) Scurvy ii) Beriberi iii) Rickets 11. With the help of arrow diagrams, show how each
iv) Goitre v) Kwashiorkor vi) Murasmus of the following food substances are digested in humans
vii) Pellagra a) Starch b) Proteins c) Lipids
4. a) What is malnutrition? 12. a) State two (2) causes each of
b) State three (3) effects of malnutrition i) Constipation ii) Indigestion
5. a) A student placed a few drops of iodine b) State two (2) preventive measures each of
solution on a piece of bread i) Constipation ii) Indigestion
i) What observation is the student likely to 13. State four (4) of the liver
see? 14. State two (2) functions of each of the following in
ii) What conclusion could be drawn from (i) digestion
above? a) Saliva b) HCl secreted in stomach c) Bile
b) The student chewed another piece of bread for 15. Briefly explain each of the following terms
about 3 minutes, and transferred it to a watch a) Absorption b) Assimilation
glass. He then added a few drops of iodine 16. State four (4) adaptations of the ileum for its function in
solution
absorption of digested food substances
i) Describe briefly what he is likely to observe.
ii) What conclusion could be drawn from (i) 17. a) What is a flower?
above? b) Give three reasons for planting flowers.
6. A series of food tests were carried out by a group of 18. a) What is a complete flower?
students on different food substances in four test b) Name three parts of a flower and state one
tubes labelled A, B and C as shown in the table function of each part you have named.
below. Copy and complete the table 19. Draw and label fully a complete flower.
Food substance Reagent used/ Observation
20. a) Name the four parts of a complete flower.
in solution test carried out
Test tube A b) Which two of the parts mentioned in (i) are the
containing reproductive parts of the flower?
glucose 21. a) Draw and label the longitudinal section of the
Test tube B pistil of a flower.
containing egg b) State one function each of two of the parts
albumen labelled in (a).
Test tube C
22. Distinguish between pollination and fertilization.
containing
powdered 23. Describe briefly the events which occur in a flower from
groundnut seeds pollination to the formation of the embryo.
24. Describe how pollination takes place in an insect-
7. a) What is dentition? pollinated flower.
b) Differentiate between homodont dentition 25. a) Distinguish between self pollination and cross
and heterodont dentition and give an pollination.
example of each
b) State five characteristics of insect-pollinated
c) Give four (4) differences between herbivorous
dentition and carnivorous dentition flowers.
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26. Describe briefly the process of fertilization in flowering 45. Tabulate three differences between arteries and veins.
plants. 46. a) Describe how blood clotting occurs.
27. a) What is meant by dispersal of seeds? b) Explain the importance of blood clotting.
b) Describe how mechanical dispersion of seeds 47. What is lymph?
takes place. b) State two functions of lymph.
28. State four adaptations of wind dispersal of seeds and 48. State two properties common to combustion and
fruits. respiration.
29. Describe briefly the characteristics of fruits dispersed by 49. a) What is breathing?
each of the following agents: b) Name three disorders associated with the respiratory
a) water system of humans.
b) mammals 50. Explain how each of the following respiratory structures
30. a) Distinguish between epigeal germination and in humans is adapted to its function :
hypogeal germination, giving one example of a) nasal cavity b) diaphragm c) alveoli
each case. 51. State the function of the alveoli.
b) State three factors necessary for germination. 52. a) What is inhalation?
31. a) Distinguish between sexual reproduction and b) State three differences between inhaled air and
asexual reproduction. exhaled air.
b) Give four disadvantages of vegetative 53. Describe the mechanism of inhalation in humans.
propagation. 54. Describe the mechanism of exhalation in humans.
32. a) What is grafting? 55. a) State four actions which occur during inhalation
b) State three factors to be considered when in mammals.
grafting ornamental plants. b) Compare three components of inhaled air with
33. a) Give three advantages of budding. those of exhaled air.
b) Give one example between a scion and a stock. 56. Explain three ways in which the respiratory system of
34. a) What is vegetative reproduction? humans ensures that inhaled air is purified.
b) State two reasons each why a rhizome could be 57. What is tissue respiration?
i) regarded as modified shoot 58. a) Name two products of anaerobic respiration.
ii) used as an organ for vegetative reproduction. b) Write a balanced equation for anaerobic respiration of
35. a) What is the composition of blood? glucose.
b) Explain how blood carries out its function of 59. State the precise location of the diaphragm in the human
defending the body against diseases. body and give its function.
36. Differentiate between blood and plasma 60. What is meant by excretion?
37. a) What is blood plasma? 61. Explain why animals have specialized excretory organs
b) List three substances found in blood plasma. but plants do not.
38. a) Describe the structure of the heart of a mammal. 62. a) List two excretory products of human.
b) Name one disease which affect the human heart. b) Name two excretory products of plants.
39. State three causes of heart diseases. 63. Describe briefly how plants excrete each of the
40. State the function of each of the following parts of the following substances:
mammalian circulatory system: a) excess water b) oxygen
a) heart b) artery c) capillary 64. a) Name four organs in the human body that
41. State one function each of the following blood cells; excrete waste.
a) erythrocyte b) leukocyte c) platelet b) Name two waste excreted by each of the organs
42. State three structural differences between red blood cells named in (a) above.
and white blood cells. 65. State one function each of the following organs:
43. a) State one function of the hepatic portal vein. a) kidney b) lung
b) State three features of an erythrocyte. 66. Describe how urine is formed in humans.
44. a) List the three types of blood vessels in mammals 67. Explain the following terms
b) Explain how each of the blood vessels listed in a) Deamination b) Ultrafiltration
(a) is adapted to its function. c) Selective reabsorption
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68. State the precise location of the loop of Henle and give 87. What is implantation in humans?
one of its functions. 88. State two functions each of the following structures
69. Name three disorders associated with the urinary system during pregnancy in humans:
in humans and state the remedy for each. a) placenta
70. a) Explain the term homeostasis. b) amniotic fluid.
b) State three conditions under which homeostasis 89. Explain how the human embryo attains oxygen.
occurs in humans 90. Explain briefly how identical twins are formed?
71. Explain the mechanism by which the body of a mammal 91. a) What is colostrum?
cools when temperature rises. b) Explain the importance of feeding a new born
72. Explain the mechanism by which the body of a mammal mammal with colostrum.
increases its temperature in cold weather. 92. a) What is family planning?
73. Name three structures found in the dermis of the b) State three advantages of practicing family
mammalian skin. planning.
74. a) Enumerate four functions of the mammalian skin. 93. State three reasons why family planning is important.
b) Name one structure in the skin which is associated 94. a) What is meant by contraception?
with each function you have enumerated in (a) above b) Give three methods of birth control.
75. Describe briefly how the skin of a mammal carries out 95. Explain how each of the following methods of
each of the following functions: contraception works:
a) excretion b) protection a) the pill b) foaming tablets c) vasectomy
76. Describe briefly how the human body regulates the 96. a) What is meant by female genital mutilation?
amount of sugar in the blood. b) Explain why female genital mutilation should be
77. a) What is a hormone? stopped.
b) State three mammalian hormones and state one 97. a) Explain the term female circumcision.
function of each. b) Give two reasons why female circumcision
78. State two functions each of the following hormones should be stopped.
found in the human body: 98. a) What is menopause?
a) thyroxin b) adrenaline c) insulin b) Give four problems associated with menopause.
79. a) What is an endocrine gland? 99. a) What is fibroid?
b) Give two functions of thyroxin. b) Name two symptoms of fibroid.
c) State three effects of the following in humans: c) State two effects of fibroid.
i) over-secretion of thyroxin. 100. List the senses and their associated organs.
ii) under-secretion of thyroxin. 101. a) Explain the term drug addiction.
80. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary actions. b) State two general symptoms of drug addiction.
81. A boy accidentally touches a hot object and quickly 102. State one function each of the following parts of the
withdraws his hand. Explain briefly the mechanism human eye:
involved in this action. a) pupil b) lens c) retina
82. a) Draw and label a motor neurone. 103. a) What do you understand by the term variation in
b) Name two other types of neurone. relation to plants and animals?
83. a) What is meant by sexual maturation in human? b) Give four features of human beings which show
b) Give three secondary characteristics each which variation.
are unique in: 104. Distinguish between continuous variation and
i) girls ii) boys discontinuous variation.
84. State one function each of the following reproductive 105. Give four examples each of the following types of
hormones: variation:
a) oestrogen b) testosterone a) Continuous variation
c) progesterone d) prolactin b) Discontinuous variation
85. What is ovulation? 106. Explain the following terms:
86. Explain three ways in which the human sperm cell is a) phenotype
adapted to its function. b) genotype
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107. a) What are chromosomes? 119. a) What is Rhesus factor?
b) Name two diseases in humans that could be b) Explain why it is not advisable for a rhesus
inherited. negative woman to marry a rhesus positive man.
108. a) Which chromosomes are responsible for the 120. A man heterozygous for the rhesus factor marries a
determination of sex in humans? woman of the genotype. Determine the proportion of
b) Using diagrams only, show how the sex of a human the of the children who would carry the rhesus factor.
being is determined. Illustrate your answer with a genetic diagram.
109. a) What are sex- linked characters? 121. A woman with one sickle-cell gene was married to a
b) Write down four sex- linked characters. man with one sickle-cell gene. Using appropriate
110. Why is the occurrence of sex-linked characters a more crosses, explain the genetic constitution of their
common feature in males than in females? children.
111. Name two factors that are used in paternity test. 122. Explain with the aid of a diagram why it is not
112. a) Explain the genetic term dominant character. advisable for two sickle cell carriers to marry.
b) The offspring of a black rabbit and a white rabbit 123. State four pieces of evidence that support the theory
were all found to be black. With the aid of of evolution.
appropriate crosses, illustrate the observation. 124. a) What are fossils?
113. The offspring of a tall man and a short woman were all b) Explain briefly how fossils provide evidence for
found to be tall. With the aid of crosses, illustrate the evolution.
above observation. 125. Describe the processes involved as the human arm is
114. The offspring resulting from the cross between a red- being raised.
flowered plant and a white-flowered plant were all 126. Explain briefly without diagrams how muscles of the
found to be red. With the aid of appropriate crosses, arm bring about movement.
illustrate the observation. 127. a) What is a joint?
115. a) State two reasons why it is important to know the b) Name three typical components of a typical joint.
blood group of a person. 126. a) Give the names of three different joints found in
b) Explain briefly why a father of blood group AB humans.
cannot produce a child with blood group O when he b) Name one part of the human body where each type
marries a woman of blood group O. of joint you have named could be found.
116. A man with blood group B is married to a woman with 127. State one function each of the following structures of
blood group B. The woman gave birth to a child with a movable joint:
blood group AB. With the aid of a genetic diagram, a) Synovial fluid b) Synovial membrane
determine whether the man is the father of the child. c) Ligament d) Cartilage
117. Using the blood group A, B, AB and O, construct a
table showing the reactions of the different blood
groups in blood transfusion.(Use + to indicate a
positive reaction and – to indicate clumsiness)
118. Copy and complete the table below on the A, B, O
blood group system.
Blood Antigen present Antibodies present in
group on cells plasma
AB