SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Module 1
Introduction to System Analysis and Design
Information system
Information systems are interrelated components working
together to collect, process, store, and disseminate
information to support decision making, coordination, control,
analysis, and visualization in an organization.
Major Types of Information System
Enterprise Computing Systems
Transaction Processing Systems
Business Support Systems
Knowledge Management Systems
User Productivity Systems
Major Types of Information System
Enterprise Computing Systems
Refers to information systems that support company-wide
data management requirements.
Ex: airline reservation, credit card billing
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems provide
cost-effective data access for users and managers
throughout the company.
Major Types of Information System
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Transaction Processing (TP) systems and Online
Transaction Processing (OLTP) systems are called
operational systems because they process data generated
by day-to-day business operations.
Ex: customer billing, accounts receivable, warranty claim
processing.
Major Types of Information System
Business Support Systems
Provide job-related information support to users at all
levels of a company
Management Information System (MIS)
Major Types of Information System
Knowledge Management Systems
Sometimes called expert systems because they simulate
human reasoning by combining a knowledgebase and
inference rules that determine how the knowledge is
applied.
Major Types of Information System
Knowledge Management Systems
A knowledge base consisting of a large database allows
users of find information by clicking menus, typing keywords,
or entering text questions in normal English phrases.
Major Types of Information System
Knowledge Management Systems
Inference rules are logical rules that identify data patterns
and relationships.
Fuzzy logic allows logical inferences to be drawn from
imprecise relationships.
Major Types of Information System
User Productivity Systems
Provide employees at all organizational levels with a wide
array of tools that can improve quality of job performance
Ex: LAN, WAN, email, video conference
Information System Users
Information System Users
Information System Users
Organizational Structure
Top Management
Top managers develop long-range plans, called strategic
plans that define the company’s overall mission and goals.
Information System Users
Organizational Structure
Middle Management
Middle managers focus their goals on a shorter time frame,
usually ranging from one month to one year.
They develop plans to achieve business objectives in a
process called tactical planning.
Information System Users
Organizational Structure
Lower Management
Supervisors and team leaders oversee operational employees
and carry out day-to-day operational plans.
Information System Users
Organizational Structure
Operational Employees
Operational employees primarily use TP systems to enter
and receive data they need to perform their jobs.
A trend, called empowerment,
gives employees more responsibility and accountability.
Information Technology Department
• The information technology (IT) department develops and
maintains a company’s information systems
• The IT group provides technical support
Information Technology Department
• Application Development
– Team may include users, managers and IT Staff members
• Systems Support and Security
– Deployment team
• User Support
– Help desk or information center (IC)
Information Technology Department
• Database Administration
– Database design, management, security, backup, and user
access
• Network Administration
– Includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and
security
• Web Support
– Webmasters
Information Technology Department
• Quality Assurance (QA)
– Reviews and tests all applications and systems changes to
verify specifications and software quality standards
– Is a separate unit that reports directly to IT management.
System Analyst Position
• A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs,
develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s
information systems
• On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT
department team
• Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the
work.
The System Analyst Position
• A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs, develops,
installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s information
systems
• On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT
department team
• Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the work
The System Analyst Approach to
Problem Solving
• Research and understand the problem
• Verify the benefits of solving the problem outweigh the cost
• Define the requirements of solving the problem
• Develop a set of possible solutions
• Decide which solution is best and make a recommendation
• Define the details of the chosen solution
• Monitor to make sure that you obtain the desired result
The Systems Analyst Position
• Responsibilities
• Translate business requirements into practical IT projects to meet needs
• Required Skills and Background
• Solid communication skills and analytic ability
Business knowledge and technique
• The system analyst needs to know the following:
• What business function does the organization perform?
• How are organizations structured?
• How are organizations managed?
• What type of work goes on in organization?
People knowledge and Skills
• It is critical that the analyst understand how people
• Think
• Learn
• React to change
• Communicate
• Work
Integrity and Ethics
• System analyst are expected to uphold the highest
ethical standards when it comes to private proprietary
information they might encounter on the job
Typical Job Titles
• Programmer analyst
• Business system analyst
• System liaison
• System Consultant
• System Support Analyst
• System Designer
• Software Engineer
• System Architect
• Web Master
• Web Developer