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Java

The document outlines different data types in programming, including their size, range, and memory tricks for easy recall. It categorizes variables by data type, scope/lifetime, and value type, providing examples for each. Additionally, it offers a memory technique to remember the ranges of various data types based on their byte size.

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12 views3 pages

Java

The document outlines different data types in programming, including their size, range, and memory tricks for easy recall. It categorizes variables by data type, scope/lifetime, and value type, providing examples for each. Additionally, it offers a memory technique to remember the ranges of various data types based on their byte size.

Uploaded by

tfdusyouk
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1 byte = 8 bits

🔹 1. By Data Type
These define what kind of value the variable can hold.

Easy Way to
Type Example Range/Size
Remember
Think small pocket
byte byte b = 100; -128 to 127 (1 byte)
(only 1 byte space).
Easy Way to
Type Example Range/Size
Remember
short s = "Short is 2 shorts = 2
short 30000; -32,768 to 32,767 (2 bytes)
bytes".
Most common
int x = -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (4
int 100000; number type (default
bytes)
for whole numbers).
long l = Huge! -9,22,33,72,036,854,775,808 to "Long journey needs
long 9999999999L; +9,22,33,72,036,854,775,807 (8 bytes) more space".
float f = "Float like water
float 3.14f; ~6–7 decimal digits (4 bytes)
(decimal but light)".
"Double precision =
double d =
double 3.141592653; ~15–16 decimal digits (8 bytes) more accurate
decimals".
Single Unicode character (2 bytes in Think of character =
char char c = 'A';
Java) alphabet.
boolean flag = true or false (1 bit, but JVM uses 1 "Boolean = Binary
boolean true;
byte) (Yes/No, 1/0)".

👉 Memory Trick (in size order):


byte < short < int < long (all integers)
float < double (decimals)

🔹 2. By Scope / Lifetime
These define where and how long a variable exists.

Type Example Scope & Lifetime Memory Trick


Local Defined inside a method, Exists only while "Local = lives in local
Variable e.g. int x = 5; method runs area only".
Instance Defined in a class but Each object gets its "Instance = for each
Variable outside methods own copy object instance".
Static Shared across all "Static = stays same for
Declared with static
Variable objects of class all".

🔹 3. By Value Type
 Primitive Variables → Directly store values (like int, float, etc.).
 Reference Variables → Store address of objects (like String, Array, custom
classes).

👉 Trick:

 Primitive = Actual value


 Reference = Remote control (points to object).

🧠 Memory Technique to Remember Ranges


Here’s a simple shortcut:

1. Byte → 1 byte → range = 2⁸ = 256 values → -128 to 127


2. Short → 2 bytes → 2¹⁶ = 65,536 values → -32,768 to 32,767
3. Int → 4 bytes → 2³² values → -2B to +2B
4. Long → 8 bytes → 2⁶⁴ values → very huge

👉 Rule:
Range = -2^(n-1) to (2^(n-1) - 1) where n = number of bits.

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