1.
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Standard Deviation N
I would rather stay at 4.11 .900 46
home and read than go
out with my friends
I am an extravert 2.52 1.005 46
Correlations
I would rather stay at I am an extravert
home and read than go
out with my friends
I would rather stay at Pearson Correlation 1 -.310*
home and read than go Sig (1-tailed) .018
out with my friends N 46 46
I am an extravert Pearson Correlation -310* 1
Sig (1-tailed) .018
N 46 46
*Correlation is significant at the 0.05
1. State the null hypothesis.
The null hypothesis (H0) typically states that there is no relationship or correlation between the two
variables being studied. In this case, the null hypothesis would be:
H0: There is no correlation between the preference to stay at home and read versus going out with friends
and self-identification as an extravert.
2. State whether the hypothesis is one- or two-tailed?
The hypothesis here is two-tailed because we are interested in whether there is any correlation between
the two variables (preference for staying at home vs. going out with friends and self-identification as an
extravert), regardless of the direction of the correlation.
3. What is the mean for each group variable?
From your provided data:
Mean for "I would rather stay at home and read than go out with my friends": 4.11
Mean for "I am an extravert": 2.52
4. What is the t statistics?
The t statistic is used to test whether the correlation coefficient (r) between the two variables is
significantly different from zero. The correlation coefficient is given as -0.310.
5. What is the significance of t statistics?
The significance level (Sig) for the correlation coefficient of -0.310 is reported as 0.018. This indicates
the probability of obtaining a correlation coefficient as extreme as -0.310 by chance, assuming that the
null hypothesis (no correlation) is true.
6. What is the conclusion?
Based on the provided correlation analysis:
The Pearson correlation coefficient between the preference to stay at home and read versus going out with
friends and self-identification as an extravert is -0.310.
The correlation is statistically significant at the 0.05 level (p = 0.018).
Conclusion:
Since the correlation coefficient is significantly different from zero and the p-value (0.018) is less than the
conventional threshold of 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis.
Therefore, there appears to be a statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.310) between
preferring to stay at home and read versus going out with friends and self-identification as an extravert.
2. Group Statistics
Species N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error
Mean
Relative Pancreas weights 1.00 9 -1158 .01130 .00377
2.00 9 2356 .03067 .01029
Independent Samples Test
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equalityof Varriances
1-test for EqualityMeans
99%confidence interval of the difference
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
lower upper
8.286 0.011 -10.952 16 0.000 -0.12 0.01096 -0.152 -0.068
RelativeEqual
pancreas
variances
weights
assumed equal variances not assumed -10.952 10.108 0.000 -0.12 0.01096 -0.15464 -0.6536
1. What is the dependent variable?
Dependent Variable: The dependent variable in this analysis is the "Relative Pancreas weights."
2. What is the group variable?
Group Variable: The group variable is the "Species," which has two groups: Group 1 and Group 2.
3. State the null hypothesis.
Null Hypothesis: The null hypothesis (H0) is that there is no significant difference in the mean relative
pancreas weights between Species 1 and Species 2.
4. State whether the hypothesis is one- or two-tailed?
One- or Two-Tailed Hypothesis: The hypothesis is two-tailed. This is inferred from the significance level
(Sig. (2-tailed)) reported in the analysis.
5. What is the mean for each group variable?
Mean for Each Group Variable:
Mean for Group 1 (Species 1): -1158
Mean for Group 2 (Species 2): 2356
6. What is the mean difference?
Mean Difference: The mean difference between the two groups is -0.12.
7. What is the t statistics?
t Statistics:
t-value (Equal variances assumed): -10.952
t-value (Equal variances not assumed): -10.108
8. What is the significance of t statistics?
Significance of t Statistics:
The p-value associated with the t-test is reported as 0.000, which is highly significant (less than any
conventional significance level like 0.05 or 0.01). This indicates strong evidence against the null
hypothesis.
9. What is the conclusion?
Conclusion:
The t-test results indicate a statistically significant difference in the mean relative pancreas weights
between Species 1 and Species 2.
Since the p-value (0.000) is less than the chosen significance level (typically 0.05), we reject the null
hypothesis.
The negative mean difference (-0.12) suggests that Species 1 has a significantly lower mean relative
pancreas weight compared to Species 2.
This conclusion is supported by the large absolute t-values (-10.952 and -10.108), indicating a substantial
difference between the groups relative to their standard errors.
Therefore, based on this analysis, we conclude that there is a significant difference in the mean relative
pancreas weights between the two species (Species 1 and Species 2).
3. Paired Sample Statistics
Paired Sample Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1 write writingscore 52.775 200 9.47859 0.67024
read readingscore 52. 2300 200 10.25294 0.72499
Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 write writingscore and read 200 0.597 0
readingscore
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95%Confidence interval of the Difference
Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Lower Upper t df Sig. (2-tailed)
Pair 1 write writingscore and read 0.545 8.88667 0.62838 0.69414 1.78414 0.867 199 0.387
readingscore
1. State the null hypothesis.
The null hypothesis (H0) in this paired samples t-test scenario is that there is no significant difference
between the mean scores of writings and reading.
2. State whether the hypothesis is one- or two-tailed?
The hypothesis is two-tailed. This is because we are testing whether there is any difference between the
means of the two paired groups (writing and reading scores), without specifying the direction of the
difference.
3. What is the mean for each group variable?
The mean for the writing scores group is 52.775, and the mean for the reading scores group is 52.2300.
4. What is the t statistics?
The t statistic is calculated to be 0.545.
5. What is the significance of t statistics?
The significance of the t statistic is given as 0.387. This value indicates the probability (p-value) of
observing such an extreme (or more extreme) result if the null hypothesis is true. A significance level of
0.387 suggests that we do not have sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
6. What is the conclusion?
Based on the data and the results of the paired samples t-test:
Since the p-value (0.387) is greater than a typical significance level (e.g., 0.05), we fail to reject the null
hypothesis.
Therefore, we conclude that there is not enough evidence to suggest a significant difference between the
mean writing scores and the mean reading scores.