SELF-ASSESMENT EXERCISES
Name : __________________ School : _________________
Grade : __________________ Lesson : _________________
LAYERS OF THE EARTH
Match the words with their correct definition
Upper mantle The thicker layer of the Earth's crust that is found under the
continents. It is about 35 kilometers thick on average.
Crust The innermost layer of the Earth, situated beneath the mantle.
It is divided into two distinct regions: the outer core and the
inner core.
Outer core Contributes to the overall convection and heat transfer within
the Earth's interior
Mantle The thinner layer of the Earth's crust that is found under the
ocean basins. It is about 7 kilometers thick on average.
Core A liquid layer composed mainly of molten iron and nickel. It has
a thickness of about 2,300 kilometers
Continental crust The solid, central part of the earth. It has a radius of about 1,220
kilometers and is composed of solid iron and nickel
Lower mantle Relatively rigid and contains the asthenosphere, a semi-fluid
layer that allows the movement of tectonic plates.
Inner core The layer beneath the Earth's crust. It is the thickest layer,
extending from the base of the crust to a depth of
approximately 2,900 kilometers
Oceanic crust The outermost layer of the Earth. It is the thinnest layer, ranging
from about 5 to 70 kilometers in thickness
PARTS OF VOLCANO
Ash Crater Lava Layers of Lava & Ash
Magma Main Vent Magma Chamber Secondary Vent
1. Explain what volcano is!
2. Explain how the volcanic process occurs.
3. Explain three the precautionary steps that can be taken after a volcanic warning has been issued!
1. What are tectonic plates, and where do they move on Earth?
2. What happens at a divergent plate boundary, and what is one example shown in the image?
3. How do convergent and transform plate boundaries differ in the way tectonic plates move and the
events they cause?
EARTHQUAKES
1. What causes earthquakes according to the diagram?
2. What is the focus (hypocenter) of an earthquake?
3. What is the epicenter and where is it located in relation to the focus?
4. How are seismic waves produced during an earthquake?
5. What are some effects of earthquakes shown in the image?
WATER CYCLE
Match the words with their correct definition
Precipitation The process when liquid water changes into water vapor
due to heat, usually from the Sun.
Evaporation The process when water vapor cools down and changes
back into liquid water, forming clouds.
Condensation The process when plants release water vapor into the
air through tiny openings in their leaves.
Transpiration Water that falls from clouds to the Earth’s surface, such
as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Fill the blank with the correct words!
The water cycle is the continuous process that shows how water moves around Earth in different forms.
First, the Sun heats water in oceans, lakes, and rivers, causing ____________, where liquid water changes
into water vapor and rises into the air. Plants also release water vapor through ____________, which adds
more moisture to the atmosphere. As the water vapor goes higher and the air becomes cooler,
____________ happens, and the vapor turns into tiny water droplets that form clouds. When these
droplets combine, become bigger, and heavier, they fall to Earth as ____________, such as rain. After that,
the water flows into rivers, seeps into the ground, or returns to the ocean, where the cycle starts again.
Answer these following questions based on the picture AIR POLLUTION
1. Based on the infographic, why do factories and vehicles cause air pollution, and how are their effects
similar?
2. Which type of air pollution do you think is the most dangerous for human health? Explain your reason
using information from the infographic.
3. How can wildfires increase air pollution even though they happen in nature, not in cities?
4. Look at the types of air pollution shown. How can carbon monoxide (CO) from vehicles affect the
human body?
5. Why do you think people with asthma are more affected by air pollution than healthy people?
6. How are particulate matter and sulfur dioxide similar in the way they harm human health?
7. If air pollution continues to increase, what might happen to human health in the future? Use
examples from the infographic to support your answer.