1.

INTRODUCTION
1.1. INTRODUCTION:-
// Do not use we, our, etc. in your documentation anywhere. Our
project, “Embedding Text File in Audio File to Provide Data Security using
Cryptography and Steganography” is the software developed for hiding
information which uses the technology called as Steganography –derived
from the Greek words meaning, “Covered writing”,( give the definition in
the next line.) is the art of hiding information in ways that prevent its
detection. It is a method akin to covert channels, and invisible links, which
add another step in security. A message in cipher text may arouse suspicion
while an invisible message is not.
Steganography, if however used along with cryptography ,for
example, if a message is encrypted using triple DES(EDE) (Expand any
abbreviation that occurs first in the text. What is EDE ? which requires a 112
bit key then the message has become quite secure as far as cryptanalytic
attack are concerned.// why do you talk about triple DES? Do you use DES
or Triple DES. Explain the Cryptographic code to me in the morning! Now,
if this cipher text is embedded in an image, video, voice, etc., it is even more
secure. If an encrypted message is intercepted, the interceptor knows the
text is an encrypted message. With Steganography, the interceptor may
know the object contains a message.// who is an interceptor? Will he know
the message or will it be unknown in stegnography?
Digital stenography uses a host data or message known as a
“Container” or “Cover” to hide another data or message in it. The
conventional way of protecting information was//is to use a standard
symmetric or asymmetric key system in encryption. Steganography can also
be used to place a hidden “trademark” in images, music, and software, a

1
technique referred to as watermarking. When performing data hiding on
audio, one must exploit the weakness of the Human Auditory System
(HAS), while at the same time being aware of the extreme sensitivity of the
human auditory system.
// Why these paragraphs? As we were growing up, we have
occasionally heard the very popular phrase that the world is becoming
smaller with each passing day. Looking at it from a geographical viewpoint,
it seems to appear utterly nonsensical. However, that is not what it means. It
basically symbolizes that with improving technology, it is becoming
increasingly easier and faster to communicate. It is a widespread belief that
telecommunications holds the key to the future.
In order to ensure the privacy of the communication between two
parties, various new methods are being developed. Cryptography being the
mother to all those projects. However, cryptography is like a tool, it can do
as well as it is programmed to do. Also, there are various different
techniques that can be implemented to attain a certain level of security.
However along with good, there is always the bad (hackers). The bad
in this case being the case of misuse of the technology to further one’s own
personal needs at the expense of others. Communication holds the key to
business, personal life, etc. As people tend to rely on these new means of
communication, more and more important information is being conveyed
along these new lines. // There is no flow here!
Here we implement a technique for data hiding in audio images,
known as Audio file Steganography. However, Steganography alone is not
able to provide a sufficiently high enough level of security. In order to
improve the security of our technique, we will also be //watch the tense here
incorporating encryption of data to be hidden.

2
1.2. OBJECTIVE:-
Our aim is to come up with a technique of hiding the message in the
audio file in such a way, that there would be no perceivable changes in the
audio file after the message insertion. At the same time, if the message that
is to be hidden were encrypted, the level of security would be raised to quite
a satisfactory level. Now, even if the hidden message were to be discovered
the person trying to get the message would only be able to lay his hands on
the encrypted message with no way of being able to decrypt it.

3
 2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1. Existing System:-

Nowadays, several methods are used for communicating secret

messages for defense purposes or in order to ensure the privacy of
communication between two parties. So we go for hiding information in
ways that prevent its detection.
Some of methods used for privacy communication are the use of
invisible inks; covert channels are some of existing systems that are used to
convey the messages.
2.1.1. Limitations Of Existing Systems:- // do not use :- after any of the
headings/ side headings
 The existing system can’t// cannot provide more security and lack of
user interface.
 The message length is restricted to few characters only.
 The audio file used for the embedding process can’t // cannot be
reused and it is also difficult for receiver to detect which audio file
contains the secret message send by the sender.
2.2. Proposed System:-
The proposed system uses Audio file as a carrier medium which adds
another step in security. The objective of the newly proposed system is to

4
create a system that makes it very difficult for an opponent to detect the
existence of a secret message by encoding it in the carrier medium as a
function of some secret key and that remains as the advantage of this system.
The proposed system was evaluated for effectiveness and the result
shows that,// what analysis / evaluation was done? the encryption and
decryption methods used for developing the system make the security of the
proposed system more efficient in securing data from unauthorized access.
The system is therefore, recommended to be used by the Internet users for
establishing a more secure communication.
2.2.1. Advantages Of Proposed System:-
 The combination of these two // what two? methods will enhance the
security of the data embedded.
 This combined chemistry will satisfy the requirements such as
capacity, security and robustness for secure data transmission over an
open channel
 Very secure and Hard to Detect

5
 3 .LITERATURE SURVEY

[3.1]Combination of Cyphertext and Audio Steganography

Technique for Secrete Communication

(December 2012)

Authors : BuddaLavanya, VittapuSravankumar Give the reference

paper number here in [ ] as in any IEEE paper reference

A Steganography method of embedding textual information in an

audio file is presented in this paper. In the existing technique, first the audio
file is sampled and then an appropriate bit of each alternate sample is altered
to embed the textual information. As a Steganography approach the
perceptual quality of the host audio signal was not to be degraded.
In the proposed technique, first the audio file is sampled and then an
appropriate bit of each alternate sample is altered to embed the cryptography
of textual information (secrete information). In the extension method is first
the secrete data is embedded into the image and that image is embedded into
the audio.

[3.2]Audio Stegnography and Cryptography: Using LSB algorithm at

4th and 5th LSB layers

(October 2012)

6
Authors :Padmashree G, Venugopala P S Give the reference paper
number here in [ ] as in any IEEE paper reference

Steganography relies on hiding covert message in unsuspected

multimedia data and is generally used in secret communication between
acknowledged parties. Steganography works by replacing bits of useless or
unused data in regular computer files (such as graphics, sound, text, HTML,
or even floppy disks) with bits of different, invisible information. This
hidden information can be plain text, cipher text, or even images. Audio
steganography is a young branch of this discipline. An encoding mechanism
is used for embedding the message into the audio file. I used the 4th Bit LSB
method to do it. The quality of the audio file after encoding remains
unaffected. A public key cryptographic algorithm, RSA was also used to
ensure greater security

[3.3]A Novel Approach for Embedding Text in Audio to

Ensure Secrecy

(December 2011)

Authors :Nagaseshu.k, Srinivasarao.v , Himadeepthi.v Give the

reference paper number here in [ ] as in any IEEE paper reference

// why this explanation here? Steganography is the art of hiding one

medium of information in another medium. There are many approaches in
hiding textual information in audio and hiding textual information in Audio
method provides the most effective way to guard privacy. Key aspect of
embedding text file in audio is that, after embedding text in audio the size of
the audio remains same. The existing system can’t provide more security

7
and lack of user interface. The message length is restricted to few characters
only. The audio file used for the embedding process can’t be reused and it is
also difficult for receiver to detect which audio file contains the secret
message send by the sender.
In the proposed technique we alter the data of lower bit in a cover
object to embed textual information. The main goal of this paper is to embed
textual information into audio without affecting the file structure of audio
file and we encrypt text message to get advantage of cryptography also.

[3.4]Data Security Using Image Steganography And

Weighing Its Techniques

(November 2013)

Authors :PritamKumari, Chetna Kumar, Preeyanshi, Jaya Bhushanss

Give the reference paper number here in [ ] as in any IEEE paper
reference

// why this explanation here? Steganography is the art of covering

secret and confidential information within a carrier which could be an image
file, video file or audio file. It is a technique which provides invisible
communication since an image file which has the secret information
embedded within it is delivered to the receiver instead of the secret
information itself. The focus of this paper is to provide immense
understanding of the Image Steganography technique –its history,
advantages over cryptography, process model and comparison of its
techniques

[3.5] International Journal of Advanced Research in

Computer Science and Software Engineering

8
(May 2013)

Authors :Ajit Singh, Swati Malik Give the reference paper number here
in [ ] as in any IEEE paper reference

// why this explanation here? Securing data is a challenging issue in

today’s era. Most of the data travel over the internet and it becomes difficult
to make data secure. So Cryptography was introduced for making data
secure. But alone cryptography cannot provide a better security approach
because the scrambled message is still available to the eavesdropper. There
arises a need of data hiding. So here we are using a combination of
steganography and cryptography for improving the security.

4. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

4.1. Hardware Specification:-

PROCESSOR : PENTIUM IV 2.6 GHz
RAM : 2 GB
MONITOR : 15” COLOR
HARD DISK : 20 GB
KEYBOARD : STANDARD 102 KEYS
MOUSE : 3 BUTTONS
4.2. Software Specification:-
OPERATING SYSTEM : WINDOWS 7
LANGUAGE : JAVA
PLATFORM : NET BEANS
4.3. Software Description:-
4.3.1. Windows 7:-

9
 Windows 7 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on
personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops,
netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. It was released to
manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available for retail
worldwide on October 22, 2009, less than three years after the release of its
predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows
Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time. Windows 7 is succeeded by
Windows 8. Unlike Windows Vista, which introduced many new features,
Windows 7 was an incremental upgrade designed to work with Vista-
compatible applications and hardware. Presentations given by Microsoft in
2008 focused on multi-touch support, an updated Windows shell with a new
taskbar (referred to internally as the Super bar), a home networking system
called Home Group, and performance improvements. Some standard
applications that have been included with prior releases of Microsoft
Windows, including Windows Calendar, Windows Mail, Windows Movie
Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included in Windows 7; most
are instead offered separately at no charge as part of the Windows Essentials
suite.

4.3.2. Language:-

Java is a computer programming language that is concurrent, class-

based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few
implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application
developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that code that
runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled to run on another. Java
applications are typically compiled to bytecode (class file) that can run on
any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is,

10
as of 2014, one of the most popular programming languages in use,
particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million
developers. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun
Microsystems (which has since merged into Oracle Corporation) and
released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform.
The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer
low-level facilities than either of them.

The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines,

and class libraries were developed by Sun from 1991 and first released in
1995. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java
Community Process, Sun relicensed most of its Java technologies under the
GNU General Public License. Others have also developed alternative
implementations of these Sun technologies, such as the GNU Compiler for
Java (bytecode compiler), GNU Classpath (standard libraries), and IcedTea-
Web (browser plugin for applets).

4.3.3. Net Beans:-

NetBeans is an integrated development environment (IDE) for

developing primarily with Java, but also with other languages, in particular
PHP, C/C++, and HTML5. It is also an application platform framework for
Java desktop applications and [Link] IDE is written in Java
and can run on Windows, OS X, Linux, Solaris and other platforms
supporting a compatible JVM.

The NetBeans Platform allows applications to be developed from a set of

modular software components called modules. Applications based on the

11
NetBeans Platform (including the NetBeans IDE itself) can be extended by
third party developers.

5. SYSTEM DESIGN

[Link] Diagram:-
// What is this? It doesn’t make any sense?

Password Encrypted
PASSWORD Details STEGANOGRAPHY
information

Validation
Based on
Password Encrypted Data

Security

5.2 Data Flow Diagram:-

12
 Stegano
-graphed
Audio File Encoding Decoding
Audio file

Data (Text Encryption

File) Decryption Audio File
Carrier Media Cipher Text

Extraction of data
Data (Text
from Audio
File)
Embedding data
into Audio

Extraction of data

from Audio

// Where is the Figure number and name?

// where is the block diagram?

13
 6. METHODOLOGY AND MODULES DESCRIPTION

6.1 STEGANOGRAPHY:-

Steganography is the art or practice of concealing a message, image,

or file within another message, image, or file. The word steganography is of
Greek origin and means "covered writing" or "concealed writing". Some
implementations of steganography which lack a shared secret are forms of
security through obscurity, whereas key-dependent steganographic schemes
adhere to Kerckhoffs's principle [give reference]. It combines the Greek
words steganos meaning "covered or protected", // why all this intro part
here? and graphei meaning "writing". The first recorded use of the term was
in 1499 by Johannes Trithemius in his Steganographia, a treatise on
cryptography and steganography, disguised as a book on magic. Generally,

14
the hidden messages will appear to be (or be part of) something else: images,
articles, shopping lists, or some other cover text. For example, the hidden
message may be in invisible ink between the visible lines of a private letter.

// why all this intro part here?The advantage of steganography over

cryptography alone is that the intended secret message does not attract
attention to itself as an object of scrutiny. Plainly visible encrypted messages
—no matter how unbreakable—will arouse interest, and may in themselves
be incriminating in countries where encryption is illegal. Thus, whereas
cryptography is the practice of protecting the contents of a message alone,
steganography is concerned with concealing the fact that a secret message is
being sent, as well as concealing the contents of the message.

// why all this intro part here?Steganography includes the concealment

of information within computer files. In digital steganography, electronic
communications may include steganographic coding inside of a transport
layer, such as a document file, image file, program or protocol. Media files
are ideal for steganographic transmission because of their large size. For
example, a sender might start with an innocuous image file and adjust the
color of every 100th pixel to correspond to a letter in the alphabet, a change
so subtle that someone not specifically looking for it is unlikely to notice it.

6.1.1 LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT ALGORITHM:-

Least significant bit (LSB) coding is the simplest way to embed

information in a digital audio file. By substituting the least significant bit of
each sampling point with a binary message, LSB coding allows for a large
amount of data to be encoded. Figure 3 // which is figure 3? illustrates how
the message 'HEY' is encoded in a 16-bit CD quality sample using the LSB

15
method. // the following figure does not show the encryption of HEY In
LSB coding, the ideal data transmission rate is 1 kbps per kHz. In some
implementations of LSB coding, however, the two least significant bits of a
sample are replaced with two message bits. This increases the amount of
data that can be encoded but also increases the amount of resulting noise in
the audio file as well. Thus, one should consider the signal content before
deciding on the LSB operation to use. For example, a sound file that was
recorded in a bustling subway station would mask low-bit encoding noise.
On the other hand, the same noise would be audible in a sound file
containing a piano solo. To extract a secret message from an LSB encoded
sound file, the receiver needs access to the sequence of sample indices used
in the embedding process. Normally, the length of the secret message to be
encoded is smaller than the total number of samples in a sound file. One
must decide then on how to choose the subset of samples that will contain
the secret message and communicate that decision to the receiver. One
trivial technique is to start at the beginning of the sound file and perform
LSB coding until the message has been completely embedded, leaving the
remaining samples unchanged. This creates a security problem, however in
that the first part of the sound file will have different statistical properties
than the second part of the sound file that was not modified. One solution to
this problem is to pad the secret message with random bits so that the length
of the message is equal to the total number of samples. Yet now the
embedding process ends up changing far more samples than the transmission
of the secret required// full stop?

16
// figure name and number?

6.2 CRYPTOGRAPHY:-

// Why all this intro part here? Tell about your mechanism
Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure
communication in the presence of third parties (called adversaries).More
generally, it is about constructing and analyzing protocols that overcome the
influence of adversaries and which are related to various aspects in
information security such as data confidentiality, data integrity,
authentication, and non-repudiation. Modern cryptography intersects the
disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering.

17
 Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and
electronic commerce.

Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous

with encryption, the conversion of information from a readable state to
apparent nonsense. The originator of an encrypted message shared the
decoding technique needed to recover the original information only with
intended recipients, thereby precluding unwanted persons to do the same.
Since World War I and the advent of the computer, the methods used to
carry out cryptology have become increasingly complex and its application
more widespread.

Modern cryptography is heavily based on mathematical theory and

computer science practice; cryptographic algorithms are designed around
computational hardness assumptions, making such algorithms hard to break
in practice by any adversary. It is theoretically possible to break such a
system but it is infeasible to do so by any known practical means. These
schemes are therefore termed computationally secure; theoretical advances,
e.g., improvements in integer factorization algorithms, and faster computing
technology require these solutions to be continually adapted. There exist
information-theoretically secure schemes that provably cannot be broken
even with unlimited computing power—an example is the one-time pad—
but these schemes are more difficult to implement than the best theoretically
breakable but computationally secure mechanisms.

6.2.1 PBE with MD5 and DES:-

The pbeWithMD5AndDES (password based MD5 with DES) key-

encryption algorithm is used to encrypt a given message (octet string) with the

18
DES algorithm in CBC mode using a secret key which is derived from a
password with the MD5 message-digest algorithm. The output of the algorithm
also is an octet-string. PKCS#5 alternatively suggests the MD2 message digest
algorithm to be combined with the DES-CBC algorithm for encrypting an octet
string with a secret key obtained from a password. The general method
described in PKCS#5 is intended to be used for encrypting private keys as
described in PKCS#8.

?? Figure name and number// What is DES-EDE? ?Why 112 bit key ?

A salt in password-based cryptography has traditionally served the

purpose of producing a large set of keys corresponding to a given password,
among which one is selected at random according to the salt. In password-
based encryption, the party encrypting a message can gain assurance that
these benefits are realized simply by selecting a large and sufficiently
random salt when deriving an encryption key from a password. A party
generating a message authentication code can gain such assurance in a
similar fashion. // how do you ensure that both the sender and receiver uses
the same random values using the salt?
6.2.2. MD5:-

19
 MD5 is a message digest algorithm developed by Ron Rivest at MIT.
It is basically a secure version of his previous algorithm, MD4 which is a
little faster than MD5
// Give the block diagram of MD5

Steps:-

 Append Padding Bits.

 Append Length.

 Initialize MD Buffer.

 Process Message in 1024 Bits Blocks.

 Output

6.2.3. DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD:-

// Why this intro here it should be in the beginning of the document. The
Data Encryption Standard (DES,) is a previously predominant symmetric-key
algorithm for the encryption of electronic data. It was highly influential in the
advancement of modern cryptography in the academic world. Developed in the
early 1970s at IBM and based on an earlier design by Horst Feistel, the
algorithm was submitted to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) following
the agency's invitation to propose a candidate for the protection of sensitive,
unclassified electronic government data. In 1976, after consultation with the
National Security Agency (NSA), the NBS eventually selected a slightly
modified version, which was published as an official Federal Information
Processing Standard (FIPS) for the United States in 1977. The publication of an
NSA-approved encryption standard simultaneously resulted in its quick

20
international adoption and widespread academic scrutiny. Controversies arose
out of classified design elements, a relatively short key length of the symmetric-
keyblock cipher design, and the involvement of the NSA, nourishing suspicions
about a backdoor. The intense academic scrutiny the algorithm received over
time led to the modern understanding of block ciphers and their cryptanalysis.

6.3. MODULES DESCRIPTION:-

6.3.1. Media Reading:-

 In this module, the input is received from the user in Au format.

 The audio format is then converted into bytes.

6.3.2. Message Encryption and Embedding into audio:-

 Here, the plain text message and password is given by the user which
is encrypted.
 Then the encrypted message is embedded into the audio file using
LSB algorithm.

6.3.3. Extracting of Message from Audio and Decryption:-

 Finally the decrypted message is extracted from the audio file by

giving the same password.

[Link] TESTING

21
7.1 Goals for Testing:-
The famous statement by Dijkstra(in Dahl et al. 1972) is a perfect
synthesis of the goals of the testing. If the results delivered by the system are
different from the expected ones in just one case, in this unequally shows
that the system is incorrect: by contrast, a correct behavior of the system on
a finite number of cases does not guarantee correctness in the general case.
For instance, we could have built a program that behaves properly for even
integer numbers but not odd numbers. Clearly, any number of tests with
even input values will face to show the error.
 Testing should be based on sound and systematic techniques so that,
after testing, we may have a better understanding of the product’s
reliability.
 Testing should help locate errors, not just detect their presence. The
result of testing should not be viewed as simply providing a Boolean
answer to the question of whether the software works properly or not.
 Tests should be organized in a way that helps to isolate errors. This
information can then be used in debugging.
 Testing should be repeatable, i.e., tests should be arranged in such a
way that separating the same experiment-supplying the same input
data to the same piece of code – produces the same results.
 Finally testing should be accurate – this will increase the reliability of
testing. Here we should observe that the accuracy of the testing
activity depends on the level of precision and may be even formality
of software specifications.

22
7.2 Types of Testing:-
 Functional Testing
 Here the structure of the program is not considered. Only
the test cases are decided solely on the basis of the
requirements or specification of the program or module
and the internal details of the module or the program is
not considered for the selection of test cases. This is also
called “Black Box Testing”.
 Structural Testing
 It is considered with testing the implementation of the
program. The intention of the structural testing is not to
exercise all the different input and output conditions but
to exercise the different programming and data files used
in the program. This testing is also called “White Box
Testing”.
7.3 Different Level of Testing:-
 Unit Testing
 In it different modules are tested against the
specifications produced during design for the modules. It
is essential for verification of the code produced during
the code phase and the goal is to test the internal logic of
the module.
 Integration Testing
 The goal here is to see if the modules can be integrated
properly, the emphasis being on testing interfaces
between modules. After structural testing and functional
testing we get error free modules these modules are to be

23
 integrated to get the required results of the system. After
checking the module another module is tested and is
integrated with the previous module.
 After the integration the test phases are generated and the
results are tested.
 System Testing
 Here the entire software is tested. The reference
document for this process is the requirement document
and the goal is to see whether the software needs its
requirements.
 The system was tested for various test cases with various
inputs.
 Acceptance Testing
 It is sometimes performed with realistic data of the client
to demonstrate that the software is working satisfactorily.
Testing here focus on the external behavior of the
system, the internal logic of the program is not
emphasized.
 In acceptance test the system is tested for various inputs.
Thus different types of testing are performed.

// WHAT TESTING DO YOU USE? WHY IS THIS PART

INTRODUCED?

24
 8. IMPLEMENTATION

8.1. SAMPLE CODING:-

// Why is there no comments for the coding anywhere?
[Link]:-
package javaapplication2;
public class DHMain extends [Link]
{
publicDHMain()
{
initComponents();
[Link] dim =
[Link]().getScreenSize();
setSize(610,455);
setResizable(false);
}
private void initComponents()
{
jdp = new [Link]();
jMenuBar1 = new [Link]();
fileMenu = new [Link]();
fileMenu1 = new [Link]();
embedMenu = new [Link]();
extractmenu = new [Link]();
exitmenu = new [Link]();
aboutMenu = new [Link]();
piclabel= new [Link](new
[Link]("E:\\[Link]"));
[Link](0,0,600,400);
add(piclabel);
setTitle("Audio-Stego");
addWindowListener(new [Link]()
{
public void windowClosing([Link]) {
exitForm(evt);
}
});
getContentPane().add(jdp, [Link]);
[Link]('F');
[Link]("File");
[Link]('h');

25
 [Link]("Help");
[Link]('m');
[Link]("Embed");
[Link](new [Link]() {
public void actionPerformed([Link]) {
embedMenuActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
[Link](embedMenu);
[Link]('t');
[Link]("Extract");
[Link](new [Link]() {
public void actionPerformed([Link]) {
extractmenuActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
[Link](extractmenu);
[Link]('x');
[Link]("Exit");
[Link](new [Link]() {
public void actionPerformed([Link]) {
exitmenuActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
[Link](aboutMenu);
[Link]('a');
[Link]("About");
[Link](new [Link]() {
public void actionPerformed([Link]) {
aboutMenuActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
[Link](exitmenu);
[Link](aboutMenu);
[Link](fileMenu);
[Link](fileMenu1);

setJMenuBar(jMenuBar1);
pack();
}

26
private void exitmenuActionPerformed([Link])
{
[Link](0);
}
private void extractmenuActionPerformed([Link])
{
[Link](false);
WizardFramewf = new ExtractAction(this).getWizardFrame();
[Link](wf);
[Link]();
}
private void embedMenuActionPerformed([Link])
{
[Link]("Embed Action Selected..");
[Link](false);
WizardFramewf = new EmbedAction(this).getWizardFrame();
[Link](wf);
[Link]();
}
private void aboutMenuActionPerformed([Link])
{
[Link](this,"AUDIO HIDING
USING STEGNOGRAPHY\n\n"+"Created
by :AmalaDevi,Anitha,DhanuNithi","About",[Link]
IN_MESSAGE);
}
private void exitForm([Link]) {

[Link](0);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
newDHMain().show();
}
[Link];
[Link];
[Link] fileMenu1;
[Link];
[Link];
[Link];

27
[Link];
[Link] jMenuBar1;
[Link];
}
[Link]:-
package javaapplication2;
import [Link].*;
[Link];
[Link];
[Link];
[Link];
[Link];
[Link];
[Link];
[Link];
[Link];
[Link];
classStego {
publicboolean feasible = true;
privateAudioInputStreamaudioInputStream;
privateAudioFormatsndFormat;
private byte[] audioBytes;
private byte[] buff;
private byte[] cipherbuff;
private byte[] clearbuff;
private String outFile;
char password[];
PBEKeySpecpbeKeySpec;
publicStego(String sndFile, String ptFile, String oFile, char pwd[]){
password=pwd;
outFile=oFile;
readSND(sndFile);
feasible = possible(ptFile);
}
publicStego(String sndFile, String ptFile,charpwd[]){
password=pwd;
outFile=ptFile;
readSND(sndFile);
[Link]("Pwd " +pwd);
}

28
public void encode(){
int k = 0;
int i = 1;
intpt;
bytepb;
[Link]("Hiding the ciphertext in AU file ...");
pt = [Link];
for (int j=1; j<=32; j++) {
if ((pt& 0x80000000)!=0)
audioBytes[i] = (byte)(audioBytes[i] | 0x01);
else if ((audioBytes[i] & 0x01)!=0){
audioBytes[i] = (byte)(audioBytes[i] >>> 1);
audioBytes[i] = (byte)(audioBytes[i] << 1);
}
pt = (int)(pt<< 1);
i++;
}
while (k <[Link]){
pb = cipherbuff[k];
for (int j=1; j<=8; j++) {
if ((pb& 0x80)!=0)
audioBytes[i] = (byte)(audioBytes[i] | 0x01);
else if ((audioBytes[i] & 0x01)!=0){
audioBytes[i] = (byte)(audioBytes[i] >>> 1);
audioBytes[i] = (byte)(audioBytes[i] << 1);
}
pb = (byte)(pb<< 1);
i++;
}
k++;
}
[Link]();
File fileOut = new File(outFile);
ByteArrayInputStreambyteIS = new ByteArrayInputStream(audioBytes);
AudioInputStreamaudioIS = new AudioInputStream(byteIS,
[Link](),
[Link]());
if ([Link]([Link],
audioIS)) {
try {

29
 [Link](audioIS, [Link], fileOut);
[Link]("Steganographed AU file is written as " + outFile
+"...");
} catch(Exception e) {
[Link]("Sound File write error");
}
}
}
publicboolean decode(){
boolean success = true;
byte out = 0;
int length = 0;
int k = 1;

[Link]("Retrieving the ciphertext from AU file ....");

// length = length & 0x00000000;

for (int j=1; j<=32; j++){
length = length << 1;
if ((audioBytes[k] & 0x01)!=0){
length = length | 0x00000001;
}
k++;
}
buff = new byte[length];
for (int i=0; i<length; i++){
for (int j=1; j<=8; j++){
out = (byte)(out << 1);
if ((audioBytes[k] & 0x01)!=0){
out = (byte)(out | 0x01);
}
k++;
}
buff[i] = out;
out = (byte)(out & 0x00);
}
decrypt();
try{
[Link]("Writing the decrypted hidden message
to"+outFile+" ...");
FileOutputStreamoutfile = new FileOutputStream(outFile);

30
[Link](clearbuff);
[Link]();
}catch(Exception e){
[Link]("Caught Exception: " + e);
}
return success;
}
private void readSND(String sndf) {
File sndfile = new File(sndf);
inttotalFramesRead = 0;
[Link]("Reading (AU) sound file ...");
try {
audioInputStream = [Link](sndfile);
intbytesPerFrame = [Link]().getFrameSize();
intnumBytes = 154600*bytesPerFrame;
audioBytes = new byte[numBytes];
try {
intnumBytesRead = 0;
intnumFramesRead = 0;
while ((numBytesRead = [Link](audioBytes)) != -1) {
numFramesRead = numBytesRead / bytesPerFrame;
totalFramesRead += numFramesRead;
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
[Link]("Audio file error:" + ex);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
[Link]("Audio file error:" + e);
}
}
privateboolean possible(String pt) {
try{
[Link]("Reading the plaintext file ..."+pt);
FileInputStreamfis = new FileInputStream(pt);
BufferedInputStreambis =new BufferedInputStream(fis);
intlen = [Link]();
buff = new byte[len];
while ([Link]() != 0)
len = [Link](buff);
[Link]();
[Link]();

31
}catch (Exception e){
[Link]("Could Not Read Plain Text Caught Exception: " + e);
}
try{
encrypt();
if ( [Link]*8 >[Link])
return false;
else
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
[Link]("******Exception: " + e);
}return true;
}
private void encrypt(){
PBEParameterSpecpbeParamSpec;
SecretKeyFactorykeyFac;
byte[] salt = {
(byte)0xc7, (byte)0x73, (byte)0x21, (byte)0x8c,
(byte)0x7e, (byte)0xc8, (byte)0xee, (byte)0x99
};
int count = 20;
pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, count);
try{
[Link]("Password Verification: "+password);
pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(password);
[Link]("Encrypting the plaintext message ...");
keyFac = [Link]("PBEWithMD5AndDES");
SecretKeypbeKey = [Link](pbeKeySpec);
Cipher pbeCipher = [Link]("PBEWithMD5AndDES");
[Link](Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pbeKey, pbeParamSpec);
cipherbuff = [Link](buff);
}catch (Exception ex) {
[Link]("Caught Exception: " + ex);
[Link]();
}
}
private void decrypt(){
PBEKeySpecpbeKeySpec;
PBEParameterSpecpbeParamSpec;
SecretKeyFactorykeyFac;
byte[] salt = {

32
 (byte)0xc7, (byte)0x73, (byte)0x21, (byte)0x8c,
(byte)0x7e, (byte)0xc8, (byte)0xee, (byte)0x99
};
int count = 20;
pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, count);
try{
[Link]();
[Link]("Enter encryption password: ");

pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(password);

[Link]("Decrypting the ciphertext ...");
keyFac = [Link]("PBEWithMD5AndDES");
SecretKeypbeKey = [Link](pbeKeySpec);
Cipher pbeCipher = [Link]("PBEWithMD5AndDES");
[Link](Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, pbeKey, pbeParamSpec);
try{
clearbuff = [Link](buff);
}catch (Exception ex) {
[Link]("Possible password missmatch!!\n");
[Link]("Caught Exception1: " + ex);
}
}catch (Exception ex) {
[Link]("Caught Exception2: " + ex);
}
}
}

33
8.2. SCREEN SHOTS:- // Give Figure number and name for the screen
shots. All figures in the document should be available in the List of
figures in the Document.

34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
 9. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

9.1. CONCLUSION:-

Steganography transmits secrets through apparently innocuous covers

in an effort to conceal the existence of a secret. Audio file Steganography
and its derivatives are growing in use and application. In areas where
cryptography and strong encryption are being outlawed, citizens are looking
at Steganography to circumvent such policies and pass messages covertly.

Although the algorithm presented is a simple one and not without its
drawbacks, it represents a significant improvement over simplistic
steganographic algorithms that do not use keys. By using this algorithm, two
parties can be communicated with a fairly high level of confidence about the
communication not being detected.

42
 In designing the “Steganography” utmost care was taken to meet user
requirements as much as possible. The analysis and design phase was
reviewed. Care was taken strictly to follow the software engineering
concepts. And principles so as to maintain good quality in the developed
system as per the user requirements.

9.2. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS:-

 Public key cryptography system suggests a very secure and
convenient way of communicating. The audio containing the
embedded text can be sent through the network, and that can be
extracted at the other end. // one such system already appears in you
literature survey. Ie, sudio steg with RSA? So how can this be a future
enhancement?
 Support for other audio formats can easily be added since Java Sound
API can handle WAVE, AIFF, etc.. However support for MP3
(MPEG layer3) format which uses different encoding scheme, needs
additional sound encoding/decoding method to be implemented. This
can be simplified by the use of a freeware GPL (rather, LGPL)
encoder such as BladeEnc.
 Choice of various encryption algorithms such as IDEA, AES, etc., can
be implemented with Java Cryptography Extension or using another
provider. // what do you try to say. You claim to use public key
scheme in the first point, now it is private key scheme.
 Robustness (i.e. resistance to data manipulation) can be increased by
using other techniques of data hiding. // what other techniques?
Specify!

43
Bring a print out of the code available
in the net and the code which you have
used in your project. Give the website
address and also a letter stating that
the following code has been
used………….by you in your project.

44
REFERENCES:-

[1] Dipti, K. S. and Neha, B. 2010. Proposed System for Data Hiding Using
Cryptography and Steganography. International Journal of Computer
Applications. 8(9), pp. 7-10. Retrieved 14th August, 2012 from
[Link]
[2] Domenico, B. and Luca, L. year. Image Based Steganography and
Cryptography. // Where is the Journal name , volume no. page no. etc.
[3] Jayaram, P., Ranganatha, H. R. and Anupama, H. S. 2011. Information
Hiding Using Audio Steganography – A Survey. International Journal of
Multimedia and Its Application, 3(3), pp. 86-96.
[4] Mark D. G. 2003. Chameleon Image Steganography- Technical Paper.
Retrieved 14th July, 2012 from
[Link]
[5] Mohammad, A. A., and Abdelfatah, A. Y. 2010. Public-Key
Steganography Based on Matching Method. European Journal of Scientific
Research, 40(2). ISSN: 1450-216X. EuroJournals Publishing, Inc., pp. 223-
231. Retrieved 21st August, 2012 from
[Link]
[6] Niels, P. and Peter, H 2003. Hide and Seek: An Introduction to
Steganography. IEEE Computer Society. IEEE Security and Privacy, pp. 32-
44.
[7] Raphael, A. J., and Sundaram, V. 2011. Cryptography and
Steganography - A Survey. International Journal of Computer Technology
Application, 2(3), ISSN: 2229-6093, pp. 626-630.
[8] Simon, B., Steve M., and Ray, F. 2005. Object-Oriented Systems
Analysis and Design Using UML, (3rd ed.), McGraw Hill.

45
[9] Sridevi, R., Damodaram, A., and Narasimham, S. 2009. Efficient Method
of Audio Steganography By Modified LSB Algorithm and Strong
Encryption Key with Enhanced Security. Journal of Theoretical and Applied
Information Technology, pp. 768-771. Retrieved 21st August, 2012 from
[Link]
[10] Vivek, J., Lokesh, K., Madhur, M. S., Mohd, S., and Kshitiz Rastogi
2012. Public-Key Steganography Based on Modified LSB Method. Journal
of Global Research in Computer Science, 3(4). ISSN: 2229-371X, pp. 26-
29.
[11] Sujay, N. and Gaurav, P. 2010. Two New Approaches for Secured
Image Steganography Using Cryptographic Techniques and Type
Conversions. Signal & Image Processing: An International Journal (SIPIJ),
1(2), pp 60-73.

// All 11 references should be quoted within [ ]

brackets inside the documentation at appropriate
places. You can refer to IEEE papers for this.

46