Department of Mathematics
National Institute of Technology Calicut
MA1013E: Mathematics II, Winter Semester 2025-26
Tutorial-1
p
1. Find grad r, grad 1/r, grad f (r), where r = x2 + y 2 + z 2 .
2. Find ∇f and its value at P.
(a) f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 ), P : (8, 6), (b) f (x, y, z) = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )−1/2 , P : (12, 0, 16),
3. Given the velocity potential f (x, y) = ex cos(y) of a flow, find the velocity ⃗v = ∇f of the field and its value
⃗v (P ) at P. At what points is the flow directed vertically upward? At what points is the flow horizontal?
4. If f (x, y) = 3000 − x2 − 9y 2 [meters] gives the elevation of a mountain at sea level, what is the direction of
the steepest ascent at P : (4, 1)?
5. Find the unit normal vector in the direction of the exterior normal to the surface x2 + 2y 2 + z 2 = 7 at
(1, −1, 2).
p
6. Find the angle between the gradients of u = x2 + y 2 and v = x − 3y + 3xy at the point (1, 4).
7. Find the equation of the tangent plane to the graph of the equation xy + yz + zx = −1 at the given point
(1, −1, 2).
8. Find the angle between the two surfaces at the indicated point of intersection.
(a) z = x2 + y 2 and z = 2x2 − 3y 2 at (2, 1, 5).
(b) x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 and z + 3 = x2 + y 2 at (−2, 1, 2).
9. Find ∇ · F⃗ (i.e., div F⃗ ) and its value at P.
(a) F⃗ (x, y) = (x2 + y 2 )(x bi + y b
j), P : (8, 6), (b) F⃗ (x, y, z) = cos(xyz) b
j + sin(xyz) b
k, P : (2, π/2, 0),
10. Assuming sufficient differentiability, prove that
(a) div(k F⃗ ) = k div(F⃗ ), (k constant) (b) div(f F⃗ ) = f div(F⃗ ) + F⃗ · ∇f,
(c) div(f ∇g) = f ∇2 g + ∇f · ∇g, (d) div(f ∇g)−div(g∇f ) = f ∇2 g − g∇2 f.
11. Find curl ⃗v for ⃗v given with respect to right-handed Cartesian coordinates.
(a) ⃗v (x, y, z) = 2y 2 bi + 5x b
j,
(b) ⃗v (x, y, z) = xyz⃗r, (c) ⃗v (x, y, z) = r−3/2⃗r,
p
where ⃗r = x bi + y b k and r = x2 + y 2 + z 2 .
j+z b
12. Assuming sufficient differentiability, prove that
(a) curl(⃗u + ⃗v ) =curl ⃗u+curl ⃗v , (b) curl (f⃗v ) = (∇f ) × ⃗v + f curl (⃗v ),
(c) curl(grad f )= ⃗0, (d) div(curl ⃗v )= 0,
∂2u ∂2u ∂2u
(e) div(grad u) = ∇2 u, where ∇2 u = + 2 + 2.
∂x2 ∂y ∂z
Z
13. Compute the line integrals over plane curves, that is, φ(x, y)ds, where
C
√
(a) φ(x, y) = y/x and C is the curve ⃗r(t) = t3 bi + t4 b
j, 1 ≤ t ≤ 2.
√
(b) φ(x, y) = x + y, and C is the closed curve joining the curves y = x2 from (0, 0) to (1, 1) and y = x
from (1, 1) to (0, 0).
(c) φ(x, y) = x + y, and C is the closed curve x2 + y 2 = 4 in the first quadrant from (2, 0) to (0, 2).
Z
√
14. Compute the line integrals over space curves, that is, φ(x, y, z)ds, where φ(x, y, z) = x y − 3z 2 and C
C
is the curve ⃗r(t) = cos(2t) bi + sin(2t) b k, 0 ≤ t < 2π.
j + 5t b
Z
15. Compute the line integral yz dx + xz dy + xy dz over an arc C of the helix x = a cos t, y = sin t, z = kt
C
as t varies from 0 to 2π.
16. For what v3 is ⃗v = ex cos y bi + ex sin y b
j + v3 b
k solenoidal?
17. Which of the following are irrotational and/or solenoidal? Justify.
1
(a) ⃗v = 2xyz bi+x2 z b
j +x2 y b
k, j +(y −z) b
(b) ⃗v = (x−y) bi+(x−z) b k, (c) ⃗v = ⃗r, (d) ⃗v = f (r) ⃗r.
r3
18. Show that vector field ⃗v irrotational and find its scalar potential function.
(a) ⃗v = cos(x2 +y 2 +z 2 )(xbi+yb
j+z b
k). (b) ⃗v = 3x2 y 2 z 4bi+2x3 yz 4b
j+4x3 y 2 z 3 b
k. (c) ⃗v = yexbi+exb
j+z 2 b
k.
19. Prove that if field ⃗v is both irrotational and solenoidal the potential u for ⃗v satisfies Laplace’s equation
∇2 u = 0.
20. Let ⃗v be the velocity vector of a steady fluid flow given by
(a) ⃗v (x, y, z) = 3z 2 b
k, (b) ⃗v (x, y, z) = sec x bi + csc x b
j, j−z b
(c) ⃗v (x, y, z) = x bi + y b k.
Is the flow irrotational? Incompressible?
2 2 2
21. Let f (x, y, z) = x2 − xy 2 − z 2 and v = e−z bi + e−x bj + e−y bk. Then can we say that grad(f ) is irrotational
and curl(v) is solenoidal? Can we generalize it?
22. Show that the vector field F⃗ = 2x(x2 + z 3 ) bi + 2x2 y b
j + 3x2 z 2 b
k is a conservative field. Find the potential
function and hence evaluate the work done in moving particle from (−1, 2, 1) to (2, 3, 4).
23. Use Green’s Theorem to evaluate the line integral along the given positively oriented curve.
I
(a) xy 2 dx + 2x2 ydy, C : the triangle (0, 0) to (2, 2) to (2, 4) to (0, 0).
C
I
(b) y 4 dx + 2xy 3 dy, C : the ellipse x2 + 2y 2 = 2.
C
24. Use Green’s Theorem to find the counterclockwise circulation of the field F⃗ around the simple closed curve
C.
(a) F⃗ (x, y) = (2x − y) bi + (x + 3y) b j, C is the ellipse x2 + 4y 2 = 4.
(b) F⃗ (x, y) = (2x3 − y 3 ) bi + (x3 + y 3 ) b
j, C is the ellipse 9x2 + 4y 2 = 36.
25. Find the circulation of F⃗ (x, y, z) = 2x bi + 2z b
j + 2y b
k around the closed path C consisting of the following
three curves traversed in the direction of increasing t.
(a) C1 : ⃗r(t) = 2 cos t bi + sin t b
j+t b k, 0 ≤ t ≤ π/2
j + (π/2)(1 − t) b
(b) C2 : ⃗r(t) = b k, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1