PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

CH- 14 Semiconductor

2023

Que 1. In an extrinsic semiconductor, the number density of holes is 4 × 10 20 𝑚−3. If the number
density of intrinsic carriers is 1.2 × 1015 𝑚−3, the number density of electrons in it is [ 1 ]

a. 1.8 × 109 𝑚−3

b. 2.4 × 1010 𝑚−3

c. 3.6 × 109𝑚−3

d. 3.2 × 1010 𝑚−3

Que 2. The formation of depletion region in a p – n junction diode is due to [ 1 ]

a. Movement of dopant atoms b. Diffusion of both electrons and holes

c. Drift of electrons only d. Drift of holes only

Que 3. Answer the following giving reasons: [ 2 ]

(i) A p-n junction diode is damaged by a strong current.

(ii) Impurities are added in intrinsic semiconductors.

2022

Que 1. Write the characteristics of a p-n juntion which make it suitable for rectification. [ 2 ]

2020

Que 1. How does an increase in doping concentration affect the width of depletion layer of a p-n
junction diode ? [ 1 ]

Que 2. Explain the terms ‘depletion layer’ and ‘potential barrier’ in a p-n junction diode. How are
the (a) width of depletion layer, and (b) value of potential barrier affected when the p-n junction is
forward biased ? [ 2 ]

2019

Que 1. Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier and explain its working. Also, give the input and
output waveforms. [ 3 ]

2018

(a) Explain with the help of suitable diagram, the two processes which occur during the formations of a p-
n junction diode. Hence define the terms (i) depletion region and (ii) potential barrier.
(b) Draw a circuit diagram of a p-n junction diode under forward bias and explain its working. [ 3 ]
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
CH- 13 Nuclei

2023

Que 1. The curve of binding energy per nucleon as a function of atomic mass number has a sharp
peak for helium nucleus. This implies that helium nucleus is [ 1 ]

a. radioactive b. unstable c. easily fissionable d. more stable nucleus than its neighbors

Que 2. Define the term, mass defect. How is it related to stability of the nucleus ? [ 2 ]

Que 3. (a) (i) Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion giving an example of each [ 3 ]

(ii) Explain the release of energy in nuclear fission and fusion on the basis of binding energy per
nucleon.

OR

(b) (i) How is the size of nucleus found experimentally? Write the relation between the radius and
the mass number of a nucleus.

(ii) Prove that the density of nucleus is independent of its mass number.

2022

Que 1. Calculate the energy released in MeV in the following reaction. [ 3 ]

2020

Que 1. In β -decay, the parent and daughter nuclei have the same number of _____________ [ 1 ]

Que 2. Define the term ‘Half-life’ of a radioactive substance. Two different radioactive substances
have half-lives T1 and T2 and number of undecayed atoms at an instant, N1 and N2, respectively.
Find the ratio of their activities at that instant. [ 3 ]
Que 3.

[3]

The binding energies per nucleon of the parent nucleus, the daughter nucleus and α-particle are 7·8
MeV, 7·835 MeV and 7·07 MeV, respectively. Assuming the daughter nucleus to be formed in the
unexcited state and neglecting its share in the energy of the reaction, find the speed of the emitted α-
particle. (Mass of α-particle = 6·68 X 10–27 Kg)

2018

Que 1.(a)Draw a plot showing the variation of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their
separation. Mark the regions where the nuclear force is (i) attractive and (ii) repulsive. [ 2 ]

(b) In the nuclear reaction determine the values of a and b.

94
n+ 235
92𝑈 → 54𝑎𝑋𝑒 + 𝑏𝑆𝑟 + 2n
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
CH- 12 Atom

2023

Que 1. A hydrogen atom makes a transition from 𝑛 = 5 to 𝑛 = 1 orbit. The wavelength of the photon
emitted is 𝜆. The wavelength of photon emitted when it makes a transition from 𝑛 = 5 to 𝑛 = 2 orbit
is [ 1 ]

a. 8/7 𝜆 b.16/7 𝜆 c.24/7 𝜆 d.32/7 𝜆

Que 2. What is meant by ionization energy? Write its value for hydrogen atom? [1.5 ]

2020

Que 1. Which of the following statements is not correct according to Rutherford model ? [ 1 ]

a) Most of the space inside an atom is empty.

b) The electrons revolve around the nucleus under the influence of coulomb force acting on them.
c) Most part of the mass of the atom and its positive charge are concentrated at its centre.
d) The stability of atom was established by the model.

Que 2. According to Bohr’s atomic model, the circumference of the electron orbit is always an
___________ multiple of de Broglie wavelength. [ 1 ]

Que 3. Using Bohr’s atomic model, derive the expression for the radius of nth orbit of the revolving
electron in a hydrogen atom. [ 2 ]

2019

Que 1. State Bohr’s quantization condition of angular momentum. Calculate the shortest wavelength
of the Bracket series and state to which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does it belong. [ 2 ]

OR

Calculate the orbital period of the electron in the first excited state of hydrogen atom.

2018

Que 1. Calculate the ratio of the frequencies of the radiation emitted due to transition of the electron in a
hydrogen atom from its. [ 1 ]

(i) second permitted energy level to the first level and

(ii) highest permitted energy level to the second permitted level.

 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
CH- 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

2023

Que 1. Which one of the following metals does not exhibit emission of electrons from its surface when
irradiated by visible light? [ 1 ]

a. Rubidium b. Sodium c. Cadmium d. Caesium

Que 2. (a) Figure shows the variation of photoelectric current measured in a photo cell circuit as a
function of potential difference between the plates of the photo cell when the light beams A, B C and
D of different wavelengths are incident on the photo cell. Examine the given figure and answer the
following questions: [ 5 ] Current
A

Potential Difference

(i) Which light beam has the highest frequency and why?

(ii) Which light beam has the longest wavelength and why?

(iii) Which light beam ejects photoelectrons with maximum momentum and why?

(b) What is the effect on threshold frequency and stopping potential on increasing the frequency of
incident beam of light? Justify your answer.

2022

Que 1. Plot suitable graphs to show the variation of photoelectric current with the collector plate
potential for the incident radiation of [ 2 ]

(i) The same intensity but different frequencies v1 , v2 and v3 ( v1 < v2 < v3 )

(ii) The same frequency but different intensities I1 , I2 and I3 ( I1 < I2 < I3 )

Que 2. Photoelectrons are emitted from a metal surface when illuminated with UV light of wavelength
330nm . The minimum amount of energy required to emit the electrons from the surface is 3.5 X 10 -19
[Link] : [ 3 ]

(i) The energy of the incident radiation .

(ii) The power of the combination and its nature.

2020

Que [Link] of energies 1 eV and 2 eV are successively incident on a metallic surface of work
function 0·5 eV. The ratio of kinetic energy of most energetic photoelectrons in the two cases will be
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 1 (C) 1 : 3 (D) 1 : 4 [1]

Que 2. The variation of the stopping potential (Vo) with the frequency (v) of the light incident on two
different photosensitive surfaces M1 and M2 is shown in the figure. Identify the surface which has
greater value of the work function. [ 3 ]

Que 3. (a) Write two main observations of photoelectric effect experiment which could only
be explained by Einstein’s photoelectric equation. [ 2 ]

(b) Draw a graph showing variation of photocurrent with the anode potential of a photocell.

2019

Que 1. Define the term “threshold frequency”, in the context of photoelectric emission. [ 1 ]

OR

Define the term “Intensity” in photon picture of electromagnetic radiation.

Que 2. Why is wave theory of electromagnetic radiation not able to explain photo electric effect ? How
does photon picture resolve this problem ? [ 2 ]

Que [Link] a graph showing variation of de Broglie wavelength (λ ) associated with a charged particle
of mass m, versus 1/ √𝑉 , where V is the potential difference through which the particle is accelerated.
How does this graph give us the information regarding the magnitude of the charge of the particle ?
[2]

2018

Que 1. An electron is accelerated through a potential difference V. Write the expression for its final
speed, if it was initially at rest. [ 1 ]
Que 2. Find the frequency of light which ejects electrons from a metal surface, fully stopped by a
retarding potential of 3.3 V. If photo electric emission begins in this metal at a frequency of 8 × 1014
Hz, calculate the work function (in eV) for this metal. [ 2 ]

OR

Monochromatic light of frequency 6.0 × 1014 Hz is produced by a laser. The power emitted is 2.0 ×
10–3 W. Calculate the

(i) energy of a photon in the light beam and

(ii) number of photons emitted on an average by the source.

Que 3. State Einstein’s photoelectric equation explaining the symbols used. [ 3 ]

Light of frequency (v) incident is on a photosensitive surface. A graph of the square of the
maximum speed of the electrons ( v2 max vs. (v) is obtained as shown in the figure. Using Einstein’s
photoelectric equation, obtain expressions for

(i) Planck’s constant

(ii) Work function of the given photosensitive material in terms of parameters l, n and mass of the
electron m.
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
CH- 10 Wave Optics

2023

Q 1 . Assertion (A) : In Young’s double slit experiment all fringes are of equal width. [1]

Reason (R) : The fringe width depends upon wavelength of light (𝜆) used, distance of screen from
plane of slits (D) and slits separation (d)

Q 2 . What happens to the interference pattern when two coherent sources are [2]

(a) Infinitely close, and

(b) Far apart from each other

Q 3 . State Huygens’ principle. With the help of a diagram, show how a plane wave is reflected from a
surface. Hence verify the law of reflection. [ 2.5 ]

2022

Q 1 . A parallel beam of light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on a slit of width 0.2 mm. If the
resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 1m away , find the distance of [3]

(i) first minimum

(ii) Second maximum , from the central maximum.

Q 2 . The principle of superposition is used to understand the phenomenon of interference of light

waves. The principle states that at a particular point ,the resultant displacement produced by a number
of waves is the vector sum of the displacements produced by each wave. Light waves from two coherent
sources produce interference pattern. Thomas Young devised a way to obtain two coherent sources
using two identical pinholes (S1 and S2 ) illuminated by a single monochromatic pinhole source S. Using
these sources in his experiment known as Young's double slit experiment ,Young studied the
interference pattern. The pattern consists of alternate bright and dark fringes. The distance between
two successive bright or dark finges depends on the distance between S1 and S2 the distance of the
screen from the plane of S1S2 and the wavelength of light used [5]

I. Consider the following waves

(i) y1 = a sin ωt (ii) y2 = a sin 2wt

𝜋
(iii) y3 = a sin (2 λ t + ϕ ) (iv) y4 = a sin ( 4ωt + )
2

Which pair of the waves coming from two sources S1 and S2 will produce interference ?

(A) (i) and (ii) (B ) (ii) and (iii)

(C) (iii) and (iv ) (D ) (iv ) and (i)

II. Two light waves of the same intensity I0 each having a path difference of λ/4 emanating from two
coherent sources meet at a point. The resultant intensity at the point will be

(A) Zero (B) I0 (C ) 2I0 (D) 4I0

III. Vandana performs Youngs double slit experiment by using orange green and red lights
successively . If the fringe widths measured in the three cases are ω1 , ω2 and ω3 respectively then
which of the following is correct ?

(A)ω2 > ω1 > ω3 (B)ω1 > ω2 > ω3 (C) ω2 >ω3 >ω1 (D) ω3 >ω1 >ω2

IV. In a Youngs double slit experiment the slit sepration is 0.8 mm and the interference pattern is
obtained on a screen kept 50cm from the plane of the slits S1 and S2 . If the first bright fringe is
formed 0.4 mm from the central maximum the wavelength of light used is

(A) 480nm (B) 560 nm (C) 640 nm (D) 680 nm

V. Consider the effect on the angular sepration of the fringes in a youngs double slit experiment due
to the following operation :

(i) The screen is moved away from the plane of the slits.

(ii) The separation between the two slits is increased till fringes are observed.

Which of the following options is correct ?

(A) It remains constant in both cases.

(B) It decreases in both cases.

(C) It remains constant in (i) but decreases in (ii)

(D) It decreases in (i) but remains constant in (ii)

2020

Q 1 . Define wavefront of a travelling wave. Using Huygens principle, obtain the law of refraction at
a plane interface when light passes from a denser to rarer medium. [2]

Q 2 . What is the effect on the interference fringes in Young’s double slit experiment due to each of
the following operations ? Justify your answers. [3]

(a) The screen is moved away from the plane of the slits.

(b) The separation between slits is increased.

(c) The source slit is moved closer to the plane of double slit.
 2019

Q 1 . What is the speed of light in a denser medium of polarising angle 30° ? [1]

Q 2 . Define the term wavefront. Using Huygen’s wave theory, verify the law of reflection. [3]

OR

Define the term, “refractive index” of a medium. Verify Snell’s law of refraction when a plane
wavefront is propagating from a denser to a rarer medium.

Q 3 . (a) Describe any two characteristic features which distinguish between interference and
diffraction phenomena. Derive the expression for the intensity at a point of the interference pattern
in Young’s double slit experiment. [5]

(b) In the diffraction due to a single slit experiment, the aperture of the slit is 3 mm. If
monochromatic light of wavelength 620 nm is incident normally on the slit, calculate the separation
between the first order minima and the 3rd order maxima on one side of the screen. The distance
between the slit and the screen is 1.5 m.

2018

Q 1 . Draw a graph showing the intensity distribution of fringes due to diffraction at single slit. [1]

Q 2 . (a) When an unpolarized light of intensity Io is passed through a polaroid, what is the intensity of the
linearly polarized light ? Does it depend on the orientation of the polaroid ? Explain your answer. [3]

(b) A plane polarized beam of light is passed through a polaroid. Show graphically the variation of the
intensity of the transmitted light with angle of rotation of the polaroid in complete one rotation.

Q 3 . (i) Write two points to distinguish between interference and diffraction fringes. [3]

(ii) In a Young’s double slit experiment, fringes are obtained on a screen placed a certain distance
away from the slits. If the screen is moved by 5 cm towards the slits, the fringe width changes by 30
µm. Given that the slits are 1 mm apart, calculate the wavelength of the light used.
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
CH- 9 Ray Optics

2023

Que 1. A ray of monochromatic light propagating in air, is incident on the surface of water. Which of
the following will be the same for the reflected and refracted rays? [ 1 ]

( a ) Energy carried ( b ) Speed ( c ) Frequency (d ) Wavelength

Ans 1. Option (c) Frequency

Que 2. A beam of light travels from air into a medium. Its speed and wavelength in the medium are
1.5 × 108 𝑚𝑠−1 and 230 𝑛𝑚 respectively. The wavelength of light in air will be [ 1 ]

(a) 230 𝑛𝑚 (b) 345 𝑛𝑚 (c) 460 𝑛𝑚 (d) 690 𝑛𝑚

Ans 2. When light travels from air into a medium with a speed of 1.5 × 108 𝑚𝑠−1 and a wavelength of
230 𝑛𝑚, we can use the above equation to find the frequency of the light in the medium using

𝑐 = 𝜈𝜆

𝟏.𝟓 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟖
V= = 6.5 X 1014 Hz
𝟐𝟑𝟎 𝑿 𝟏𝟎−𝟗

Now, we can use the same equation to find the wavelength of the light in air. We know that the
frequency of the light remains the same, since it is determined by the source of the light.

𝟑𝑿𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝜆= = 460 X 10-9 = 460 nm
𝟔.𝟓𝑿𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒

So the wavelength of the light in air is approximately 460 𝑛𝑚.

Que 3. In the given figure the radius of curvature of the curved face in the plano- convex and the
plano-concave lens is 15 cm each. The refractive index of the material of the lenses is 1.5. Find the
final position of the image formed. [ 2 ]

20cm

Que 4. Define critical angle for a given pair of media and total internal reflection. Obtain the relation
between between the critical angle and refractive index of the medium. [ 3 ]
Que 5. (a) A concave mirror of focal length 12 𝑐𝑚 forms three times magnified virtual image of an
object. Find the distance of the object from the mirror. [ 1.5 ]

(b) (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the image formation by a refracting telescope. Define its
magnifying power. Write two limitations of a refracting telescope over a reflecting telescope. (ii) The
focal lengths of the objective and the eye-piece of a compound microscope are 1.0 cm and 2.5 cm
respectively. Find the tube length of the microscope for obtaining a magnification of 300. [ 2.5 ]

2022

Que 1.A point source in air is kept 24cm in front of a concave spherical glass surface aµg = 1.5 and
radius of curvature 60cm . Find the nature of the image formed and its distance from the point
source . [ 3 ]

Que 2. Explain with the help of a suitable diagram the phenomenon on which an optical fibre
[Link] any two uses of optical fibres. [ 3 ]

Que 3. A thin equiconvex lens of radius of curvature R made of material of refractive index µ1 is
kept coaxially in contact with an equiconcave lens of the same radius of curvature and refractive
index µ2 ( > µ1 ) Find : [ 3 ]

(i) the ratio of there powers

(ii) the power of the combination and its nature.

Que 4. Monochromatic light is incident on a surface seprating two media . The frequency of the light
after refraction remains unaffected but its wavelength changes . Why ? [ 1.5 ]

Que 5.(i) Trace the path of a ray of light PQ which is incident at an angle i on one face of a glass prism
of angle A. It then emerges out from the other face at an angle e. Use the ray diagram to prove that
the angle through which the ray is deviated is given by [ 1.5 ]

∠δ = ∠i + ∠e – ∠A
(ii) What will be the minimum value of if the ray passes symmetrically through the prism ?

2020

Que 1. Larger aperture of objective lens in an astronomical telescope [ 1 ]

(A) increases the resolving power of telescope. (B) decreases the brightness of the image.

(C) increases the size of the image. (D) decreases the length of the telescope.

Que 2. A biconvex lens of glass having refractive index 1·47 is immersed in a liquid. It becomes
invisible and behaves as a plane glass plate. The refractive index of the liquid is [ 1 ]

(A) 1·47 (B) 1·62 (C) 1·33 (D) 1·51

Que 3. For a glass prism, the angle of minimum deviation will be smallest for the light of [ 1 ]

(A) red colour. (B) blue colour. (C) yellow colour. (D) green colour.

Que 4. A ray of light on passing through an equilateral glass prism, suffers a minimum deviation equal
to the angle of the prism. The value of refractive index of the material of the prism is………………….[1]

1 1 1
Que 5. Using lens maker’s formula, derive the thin lens formula = - for a biconvex lens.[ 2 ]
𝑓 𝑣 𝑢

Que 6. (a) Draw the ray diagram of an astronomical telescope when the final image is formed at
infinity. Write the expression for the resolving power of the telescope. [ 5 ]

(b) An astronomical telescope has an objective lens of focal length 20 m and eyepiece of focal length
1 cm.

(i) Find the angular magnification of the telescope.

(ii) If this telescope is used to view the Moon, find the diameter of the image formed by the objective
lens. Given the diameter of the Moon is 3·5 X 106 m and radius of lunar orbit is 3·8 X 108 m.

OR

(a) An object is placed in front of a concave mirror. It is observed that a virtual image is formed. Draw
1 1 1
the ray diagram to show the image formation and hence derive the mirror equation.𝑓 = 𝑢 + 𝑣 . [ 5 ]

(b) An object is placed 30 cm in front of a plano-convex lens with its spherical surface of radius of
curvature 20 cm. If the refractive index of the material of the lens is 1·5, find the position and nature
of the image formed.

2019

Que 1. Calculate the radius of curvature of an equi-concave lens of refractive index 1.5, when it is kept
in a medium of refractive index 1.4, to have a power of –5D ? [ 2 ]

OR

An equilateral glass prism has a refractive index 1.6 in air. Calculate the angle of minimum deviation
of the prism, when kept in a medium of refractive index 4 √2/5.

Que 2. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the near point adjustment
position. A giant refracting telescope at an observatory has an objective lens of focal length 15 m
and an eyepiece of focal length 1.0 cm. If this telescope is used to view the Moon, find the diameter of
the image of the Moon formed by the objective lens. The diameter of the Moon is 3.48 × 10 6 m, and
the radius of lunar orbit is 3.8 × 108 m. [ 3 ]

Que 3.(a) Under what conditions is the phenomenon of total internal reflection of light observed ?
Obtain the relation between the critical angle of incidence and the refractive index of the medium.[5]
(b) Three lenses of focal lengths +10 cm, –10 cm and +30 cm are arranged coaxially as in the figure
given below. Find the position of the final image formed by the combination.

2018

Que 1. Define the power of a lens. Write its S.I. unit. [ 1 ]

Que 2. (a) With the help of a ray diagram, show how a concave mirror is used to obtain an erect and
magnified image of an object. [ 3 ]

(b) Using the above ray diagram, obtain the mirror formula and the expression for linear
magnification.
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
CH-8 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

2023

Que 1. E⃗ and 𝐵 ⃗ represent the electric and the magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave respectively.
The direction of propagation of the wave is along. [ 1 ]

(a)𝐵⃗ (b) E (c) 𝐸⃗×𝐵⃗ (d ) 𝐵 ⃗ × 𝐸

Ans 1. Option (c) 𝐸 ⃗ × 𝐵 ⃗

Que 2. (a) How are infrared waves produced? Why are these waves referred to as heat waves? Give
any two uses of infrared waves. [ 0.5 ]

(b). How are X-rays produced? Give any two uses of these [ 0.5 ]

Ans 2 (a) . Infrared waves are produced by the thermal vibrations of atoms and molecules. As objects
get hotter, the atoms and molecules in them move faster, and this movement creates electromagnetic
radiation in the form of infrared waves.

Infrared waves are often referred to as heat waves because they are associated with the transfer of
thermal energy. When infrared waves are absorbed by an object, they cause the molecules in the
object to vibrate more, which leads to an increase in the object's temperature.

Two uses of infrared waves are:

1. Infrared waves can be used to create images of objects based on their temperature. This is
commonly used in medical imaging to diagnose injuries or diseases, as well as in building inspection
to identify areas of heat loss.

2. Infrared waves can be used for short-range wireless communication, such as in remote controls
for electronic devices or in communication between smartphones and other devices.

Ans 2 (b). X-rays are produced when fast-moving electrons collide with a target material, typically a
metal such as tungsten. This collision causes the electrons to slow down, and as they do so, they
release energy in the form of X-rays.

Two uses of X- rays are :

1. X-rays are commonly used to create images of the inside of the human body, allowing doctors to
see bones, organs, and other structures.

2. X-rays are also used in a variety of industrial applications, such as inspecting welds and checking
for defects in metal castings.
 2022

Que 1. The frequency of an electromagnetic radiation is 1 x 10^11 Hz .Identify the radiaton and
mention its two uses. [1.5 ]

2020

Que 1.(a) Write the expression for the speed of light in a material medium of relative permittivity εr
and relative magnetic permeability µr. [ 2 ]

(b) Write the wavelength range and name of the electromagnetic waves which are used in [ 3 ]

(i) radar systems for aircraft navigation, and

(ii) Earth satellites to observe the growth of the crops.

2019

Que 1. Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum used in (i) radar and (ii) eye surgery.
Write their frequency range. [1.5 ]

2018

Que 1 . Give one use of electromagnetic radiations obtained in nuclear disintegrations. [ 2 ]

Que 2. Mrs. Rajlakshmi had a sudden fall and was thereafter unable to stand straight. She was in great pain.
Her daughter Rita took her to the doctor. The doctor took a photograph of Mrs. Rajlakshmi’s bones and
found that she had suffered a fracture. He advised her to rest and take the required treatment. [ 3 ]

(a) Name the electromagnetic radiation used to take the photograph of the bones.

(b) How is this radiation produced ?

(c) Mention the range of the wavelength of this electromagnetic radiation.

(d) Write two values displayed by Rita.

 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION
CH- 7 Alternating Current

2023

Q 1. A series CR circuit with 𝑅 = 200 Ω and 𝐶 = (50 / 𝜋 )𝜇𝐹 is connected across an ac source of peak
voltage 𝜀0 = 100 𝑉 and frequency 𝜈 = 50 𝐻𝑧. Calculate (a) impedance of the circuit (Z). (b) Phase angle (𝜙),
and (c) voltage across the resistor. [ 3 ]

Q 2 .Calculate the self-inductance of a coil using the following data obtained when an AC source of
frequency ( 200 / 𝜋 )𝐻𝑧 and a DC source is applied across the coil.

2022

Q1. A pure inductor of 318 mH and a pure resistor of 75 Ω are connected in series to an ac source Of 50
Hz. The voltage across 75 Ω resistor is found to be 150 V . The source voltage is……. [ 1 ]

(a) 150 (b) 175 (c) 220 (d) 250

Q 2. In an ac circuit the applied voltage and resultant current are E = E0 sin ⍵t and i = io sin(⍵t + π/2 )
respectively. The average power consumed in the circuit is [ 1 ]

a) E0i0
b) ( E0 i0 ) / 2
c) ( E0 i0 ) / √𝟐
d) Zero

Q3. In a series LCR circuit, at resonance the current is equal to …….[1]

𝑉𝑚 𝑉𝑚 𝑉𝑚 𝑉𝑚
A. b. c . √𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝑐 d.
𝑅 𝑋𝑐 √𝑅 2 +(𝑋𝐿−𝑋𝑐)2

Q4. The frequency of an ac source for which a 10 μF capacitor has a reactance of 1000 ohm is …… [ 1 ]

(A) 1000/π Hz (B) 50 Hz (C) 50 / π Hz (D) 100 / π Hz

Q5. Assertion (A): In a series LCR circuit connected to an ac source, resonance can take place. [ 1 ]

Reason (R): At resonance Xc = XL

1
Q6. Assertion (A): A transformer is used to increase or decrease ac voltage only. [ 1 ]

Reason (R): A transformer works on the basis of mutual induction.

Q 7. Which one of the followng statement is true ? [ 1 ]

a. An inductor has infinite resistance in a dc circuit.

b. A inductor and a capacitor both cannot conduct in a dc circuit.
c. A capacitor can conduct in a dc circuit but not an inductor .
d. An inductor can conduct in a dc circuit but not a capacitor .

2020

Q 1. Laminated iron sheets are used to minimize ___________ currents in the core of a transformer. [ 1 ]

Q 2. A resistance R and a capacitor C are connected in series to a source V = V0 sin wt [ 3 ]

(a) The peak value of the voltage across the (i) resistance and (ii) capacitor.

(b) The phase difference between the applied voltage and current. Which of them is ahead ?

Q 3. (a) With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the working of a step-up transformer. Give reasons
to explain the following. [ 2 .5 ]

(i) The core of the transformer is laminated.

(ii) Thick copper wire is used in windings.

2019

Q 1. (a) In a series LCR circuit connected across an ac source of variable frequency, obtain the expression
for its impedance and draw a plot showing its variation with frequency of the ac source.

(b) What is the phase difference between the voltages across inductor and the capacitor at resonance in
the LCR circuit ?

(c) When an inductor is connected to a 200 V dc voltage, a current of 1A flows through it. When the same
inductor is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac source, only 0.5 A current flows. Explain, why ? Also, calculate
the self inductance of the inductor. [ 5 ]

OR

Q 2. (a) Draw the diagram of a device which is used to decrease high ac voltage into a low ac voltage and
state its working principle. Write four sources of energy loss in this device.

(b) A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated 20 km away from an
electric plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the two wire line carrying power is 0.5 ohm per

2
[Link] town gets the power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-down transformer at a sub-station
in the town. Estimate the line power loss in the form of heat. [ 5 ]

2018
Q1. (a) Draw graphs showing the variations of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance with frequency of
the applied ac source.

(b) Draw the phasor diagram for a series RC circuit connected to an ac source.

(c) An alternating voltage of 220 V is applied across a device X, a current of 0.25 A flows, which lag behind the
applied voltage in phase by π / 2 radian. If the same voltage is applied across another device Y, the same current
flows but now it is in phase with the applied voltage.

(i) Name the devices X and Y.

(ii) Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when the same voltage is applied across the series
combination of X and Y. [ 5 ]

OR

Q 2 . (a) State the principle of working of a transformer.

(b) Define efficiency of a transformer.

(c) State any two factors that reduce the efficiency of a transformer.

(d) Calculate the current drawn by the primary of a 90% efficient transformer which steps down 220 V to
22 V, if the output resistance is 440 ohm. [ 5 ]

3
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION
CH- 6 Electromagnetic Induction

2023

Q 1. Define coefficient of self-induction. Obtain an expression for self-inductance of a long solenoid of

length L , area of cross-section 𝐴 having N turns. [ 2.5 ]

2022

Q1. Lenz's law is the consequence of the law of conservation of [ 1 ]

(A) energy (B) charge (C) mass (D) momentum

Q 2. The emf induced in a 10 H inductor in which current changes from 11 A to 2 A in 9x10-1 sec is [ 2 ]

Q3. A metal plate is getting heated. Which one of following statements is incorrect? [ 1 ]

a) It is placed in a space-varying magnetic field that does not vary with time.
b) A direct current is passing through the plate.
c) An alternating current is passing through the plate.
d) It is placed in a time-varying magnetic field.

Q4. Assertion (A): Induced emf in two coils made of wire of the same length and the same thickness, one
of copper and another of aluminium is same. The current in copper coil is more than the aluminium coil.

Reason (R) : Resistance of aluminium coil is more than that of copper coil. [ 1 ]

Q5. The magnetic flux linked with a coil is given by ϕ = 5t2 + 3t + 16, where is ϕ in webers and t in
seconds. The induced emf in the coil at t = 5 s will be [ 1 ]

(A) 53 V (B) 43 V (C) 10 V (D) 6 V

2020

Q 1. Laminated iron sheets are used to minimize ___________ currents in the core of a transformer. [ 1 ]

Q 2. The number of turns of a solenoid are doubled without changing its length and area of cross-section.
The self-inductance of the solenoid will become ___________ times. [ 1 ]

Q 3. A conducting rod PQ of length 20 cm and resistance 0·1 ohm rests on two smooth parallel rails of
negligible resistance AA’ and CC’. It can slide on the rails and the arrangement is positioned between the
poles of a permanent magnet producing uniform magnetic field B = 0·4 T. The rails, the rod and the
magnetic field are in three mutually perpendicular directions as shown in the figure. If the ends A and C of
the rails are short circuited, find the [ 2.5 ]

1
(i) External force required to move the rod with uniform velocity v = 10 cm/s, and
(ii) Power required to do so.

2019

Q 1 . Define mutual inductance and write its S.I. unit.[ 1 ]

2018
Q1. A rectangular frame of wire is placed in a uniform magnetic field directed outwards, normal to the
paper . AB is connected to a spring which is stretched to A’B’ and then released at time t = 0. Explain
qualitatively how induced e.m.f. in the coil would vary with time. (Neglect damping of oscillations of
spring). [ 2 ]

2
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION

CH – 5th Magnetism and Matter

2023

Q 1 . Assertion (A) : Diamagnetic substances exhibit magnetism. [1]

Reason (R) : Diamagnetic materials do not have permanent magnetic dipole moment.

2019

Q 1 . (a) State Gauss’s law for magnetism. Explain its significance. [3]

(b) Write the four important properties of the magnetic field lines due to a bar magnet.

OR

Write three points of differences between para-, dia- and ferro- magnetic materials, giving one
example for each.

2018

Q 1 . (a) Define the term magnetic susceptibility and write its relation in terms of relative
magnetic permeability.

(b) Two magnetic materials A and B have relative magnetic permeabilities of 0.96 and 500.
Identify the magnetic materials A and B . [2]
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION
CH- 4 Moving Charges and Magnetism

2023

Q 1. Beams of electrons and protons move parallel to each other in the same direction. They [ 1 ]

a. Attract each other. b. Repel each other.

c. Neither attract nor repel. d. Force of attraction or repulsion depend upon speed of beams.

Q 2. A long straight wire of radius ‘a’ carries a steady current ‘i’. The current is uniformly distributed across its
area of cross – section. The ratio of magnitude of magnetic field B1 at a/2 amd B2 at distance 2a is [ 1 ]

a. 1/2 b. 1 c. 2 d. 4

Q 3. Briefly explain why and how a galvanometer is converted into an ammeter. [ 1 ]

2022

Q1. Two moving coil galvanometers G1 and G2 have the following particulars respectively: N 1=30, A1 = 3.6 x 10-3 m2,
B1= 0.25 T , N2= 42, A2 = 1.8 x 10-3 m2, B2 = 0.50 T The spring constant is same for both the galvanometers. The ratio
of current sensitivities of G1 and G2 is [ 1 ]

(a) 5 : 7 (b) 7 : 5 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 1 : 1

Q 2. A current ‘ I ‘ is flowing through the loop as shown in the figure (MA = R , MB = i 2R). The magnetic field at
the centre of the loop is μoi / R times [ 1 ]

a) 5/16, into the plane of the paper

b) 5/16, out of the plane of the paper
c) 7/16, out of the plane of the paper
d) 7/16, into the plane of the paper

Q3. A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a current of 15 A in north to south direction. The
magnitude and direction of magnetic field at a point 2.5 m east of the wire respectively are: [ 1 ]

A . 1.2 µT vertically upward b . 1.2 µT vertically downward

c . 0.6 µT vertically upward d . 0.6 µT vertically downward

Q4. An electron is projected with velocity v along the axis of a current carrying long solenoid. Which one
of the following statements is true? [ 1 ]

(A) The path of the electron will be circular about the axis .

(B) The electron will bw accelerated along the axis

1
( C ) The path of the electron will be helical.

( D ) The electron will continue to move with the same velocity v along the axis of the solenoid.

Q 5. If the speed v of a charged particle moving in a magnetic field B perpendicular to B is halved, then
the radius of its path will: [ 1 ]

(A) not change (B) become two times (C) become one- fourth (D) become half

Q 6 .In a certain region field E and magnetic field B are perpendicular to each other . An electron enters the
region perpendicular to the direction of both E and B moves undeflected. The speed of the electron is : [ 1 ]

a. E.B b. ExB c.E/B d. B / E

Q 7. A test charge of 1.6 × 10-19 C is moving with a velocity v = (4i + 3k) m/s in a magnetic field B=(3k + 4i) T.
The force on this test charge is : [ 1 ]

(A) 24j N (B) 24i N (C) 24k N (D) 0

Q 8 . Assertion (A) : A bar magnet experiences a torque when placed in a magnetic field. [ 1 ]

Reason (R) : A bar magnet exerts a torque on itself due to its own magnetic field.

Q 9. Assertion (A): When a charged particle moves with velocity v in a magnetic field B ( V perpendicular
to B ) the force on the particle does no work. [ 1 ]

Reason (R): The magnetic force is perpendicular to the velocity of the particle.

Q10. Two identical thick wires and two identical thin wires, all of the same material and the same length
form a square in three dierent ways P , Q and R as shown. Due to the current in these loops the magnetic
field at the center of the loop will be zero in case of.[ 1 ]

(A) P and R only (B) Q and R only

(C) P and Q only (D) P , Q and R

Q11. A circular current carrying coil produces a magnetic field B0 at its centre. The coil is rewound so as
to have three turns and the same current is passed through it. The new magnetic field at the centre is:[1]

(A) 3B0 (B ) B0 / 3 ( C ) B0 / 9 ( D ) 9 B0

Q 12. A long solenoid carrying current produces a magnetic field B along its axis. If the number of turns in
the solenoid is halved and current in it is doubled, the new magnetic field will be: [ 1 ]

a. B / 2 b. B c. 2B d. 4 B

2
 Q14. A current carrying square loop is suspended in a uniform magnetic field acting in the plane of the
loop. If the force on one arm of the loop is F , the net force on the remaining three arms of the loop will
be.

(A) 3F (B) -3F (C) F (D) -F

2020

Q 1. The magnetic dipole moment of a current carrying coil does not depend upon. [ 1 ]

(A) number of turns of the coil. (B) cross-sectional area of the coil.

(C) current flowing in the coil. (D) material of the turns of the coil.

Q 2 . Write the mathematical form of Ampere-Maxwell circuital law. [ 1 ]

Q 3. Two long straight parallel wires A and B separated by a distance d, carry equal current I flowing in
same direction as shown in the figure. [ 2 ]

(a) Find the magnetic field at a point P situated between them at a distance x from one wire.

(b) Show graphically the variation of the magnetic field with distance x for 0 < x < d.

Q 4. ( a ) Write an expression of magnetic moment associated with a current (I) carrying circular coil of
radius r having N turns. [ 3 ]

( b ) Consider the above mentioned coil placed in YZ plane with its centre at the origin. Derive
expression for the value of magnetic field due to it at point (x, 0, 0).

OR

(a) Define current sensitivity of a galvanometer. Write its expression. [ 3 ]

(b) A galvanometer has resistance G and shows full scale deflection for current Ig.

(i) How can it be converted into an ammeter to measure current up to I0 (I0 > Ig) ?

(ii) What is the effective resistance of this ammeter ?

Q 5 .(a) Derive the expression for the torque acting on the rectangular current carrying coil of a
galvanometer. Why is the magnetic field made radial ? [ 5 ]

(b) An α-particle is accelerated through a potential difference of 10 kV and moves along x-axis. It enters in a
region of uniform magnetic field B = 2 x 10–3 T acting along y-axis. Find the radius of its path. (Take mass of
α-particle = 6 .4 x 10–27 kg )

3
2019

Q1.(a) Derive the expression for the torque acting on a current carrying loop placed in a magnetic
field.

(b) Explain the significance of a radial magnetic field when a current carrying coil is kept in it. [ 3 ]

2018
Q1.(a) State Biot – Savart law and express it in the vector form.

(b) Using Biot – Savart law, obtain the expression for the magnetic field due to a circular coil of radius r, carrying
a current I at a point on its axis distant x from the centre of the coil. [ 3 ]

4
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION
CH- 3 Current Electricity

2023

Q1. A current of 0.8 𝐴 flows in a conductor of 40 for 1 minute. The heat produced in the conductor will be.
[1]

a ) 1445 𝐽 b) 1536 𝐽 c) 1569 𝐽 d) 1640 𝐽

Q2. A cell of emf E is connected across an external resistance R. When current ‘I’ is drawn from the cell, the
potential difference across the electrodes of the cell drops to V. The internal resistance ‘r’ of the cell is[ 1 ]

a. (𝐸− 𝑉 / 𝐸 ) 𝑅 b. (𝐸−𝑉 )/ 𝑅 c. (𝐸−𝑉)𝑅 / 𝐼 d. ( 𝐸−𝑉 / 𝑉 ) 𝑅

Q [Link] of copper and of silicon are initially at room temperature. Both are heated to temperature T.
The conductivity of [ 1 ]

a) both increases b) both decreases

c) copper increases but silicon decreases d) copper decreases but silicon increases

Q4. Define current density and relation time. Derive an expression for resistivity of a conductor in terms of
number density of charge carries in the conductor and relaxation time [ 2 ]

2022

Q 1. In the circuit given below P ≠ R and the reading

of the galvanometer is same with Switch S open or closed. Then:[ 1 ]

a) IQ = IR b ) IR =IG c ) IP = IG d ) IQ = IG

Q 2 . What is meant by Electric Flux ? State the Gauss's law in electrostatics and using this, find the
expression for electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.[ 5 ]

2020

Q 1. If the net electric flux through a closed surface is zero, then we can infer. [ 1 ]

a) no net charge is enclosed by the surface.

b) uniform electric field exists within the surface.
c) electric potential varies from point to point inside the surface.
d) charge is present inside the surface.

Q [Link] electric dipole consisting of charges + q and – q separated by a distance L is in stable equilibrium in
a uniform electric field E . The electrostatic potential energy of the dipole is [ 1 ]

a) qLE b ) zero c )-qLE d ) – 2qEL

1
Q 3. (a) Using Gauss law, derive expression for electric field due to a spherical shell of uniform charge
distribution and radius R at a point lying at a distance x from the centre of shell, such that

(i) 0 < x < R, and (ii) x > R.

(b) An electric field is uniform and acts along + x direction in the region of positive x. It is also uniform with
the same magnitude but acts in – x direction in the region of negative x. The value of the field is E = 200
N/C for x > 0 and E = – 200 N/C for x < 0. A right circular cylinder of length 20 cm and radius 5 cm has its
centre at the origin and its axis along the x-axis so that one flat face is at x = + 10 cm and the other is at x =
– 10 [Link]

i. The net outward flux through the cylinder.

ii. The net charge present inside the cylinder.[ 5 ]

2019
Q 1 . Draw the pattern of electric field lines, when a point charge – Q is kept near an uncharged conducting
plate.[ 1 ]

Q 2 . (a) Derive an expression for the electric field at any point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole.

(b) Two identical point charges, q each, are kept 2m apart in air. A third point charge Q of unknown
magnitude and sign is placed on the line joining the charges such that the system remains in equilibrium.
Find the position and nature of Q. [ 5 ]

2018
Q 1 . Define electric flux and write its S.I unit. The electric field components in the figure shown are Ex =α x
Ey = 0 , Ez = 0 where α = 100 N / Cm . Calculate the charge within the cube, assuming a = 0.1m. [ 3 ]

Q [Link] electron falls through a distance of 1.5 cm in a uniform electric field of magnitude 2.0 × 104 N/C

If the direction of the field is reversed (fig. b) keeping its magnitude unchanged, calculate the time taken
by a proton to fall through this distance starting from rest. [ 3 ]

2
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION
CH- 2 Electrostatic Potential ans Capacitance

2023

Q 1. A point P lies at a distance x from the midpoint of an electric dipole on its axis. The electric potential
at point P is proportional to [ 1 ]

a) 1 / 𝑥2 b ) 1 / 𝑥3 c ) 1 / 𝑥4 d )1 / 𝑥1 /2

Q 2 .A parallel plate capacitor (A) of capacitance 𝐶 is charged by a battery to voltage 𝑉. The battery is
disconnected and an uncharged capacitor (B) of capacitance 2𝐶 is connected across A. Find the ratio of
[3]

(i) Final charges on A and B.

(ii) Total electrostatic energy stored in A and B finally and that stored in A, initially.

2022

Q2. The electric potential at a point on the axis of a short electric dipole, at a distance x from the mid -
point of dipole is proportional to [ 1 ]

a) 1/x^4
b) 1/x^1/2
c) 1/x^3
d) 1/x^2

Q4. In the given network all capacitors used are identical and each one is of capacitance C . Which of
the following is the equivalent capacitance between the points A and B ? [ 3 ]

a. 6C b. (5/2) C c. (3/2) C d. (5/6) C

Q5. A charge Q is located at the centre of a circle of radius r . The work done in moving a test charge
q0 from point A to point B (at opposite ends of diameter AB) so as to complete a semicircle is [k = 1/4
πɛo]:[ 2 ]

a. ( kqoQ ) / r
b. ( kqoQ ) / r^2
c. kqoQr
d. Zero

2020

1
Q1. An electric dipole consisting of charges + q and – q separated by a distance L is in stable equilibrium
in a uniform electric field E. The electrostatic potential energy of the dipole is [ 1 ]

a) qLE
b) zero
c) – qLE
d) -2 qEL

Q [Link] space between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is completely filled in two ways. In the
first case, it is filled with a slab of dielectric constant K. In the second case, it is filled with two slabs of
equal thickness and dielectric constants K1 and K2 respectively as shown in the figure. The capacitance
of the capacitor is same in the two cases. Obtain the relationship between K, K1 and K2. [ 2 ]

Q 3. a ).Find the expression for the potential energy of a system of two point charges q1 and q2 located
at r1 r2 , respectively in an external electric field E . [ 5 ]

b ) Draw equipotential surfaces due to an isolated point charge (– q) and depict the electric field lines.

c ) Three point charges + 1 µC, – 1µ C and + 2 µC are initially infinite distance apart. Calculate the work
done in assembling these charges at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 10 cm.

2019
Q 1 . (a) Draw the equipotential surfaces corresponding to a uniform electric field in the z-direction.
(b) Derive an expression for the electric potential at any point along the axial line of an electric dipole.[3]

Q 2 . (a) Describe briefly the process of transferring the charge between the two plates of a parallel
plate capacitor when connected to a battery. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a
capacitor.

(b) A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery to a potential difference V. It is disconnected from
battery and then connected to another uncharged capacitor of the same capacitance. Calculate the
ratio of the energy stored in the combination to the initial energy on the single capacitor. [ 5 ]

2018
Q 1 . Two point charges q and –q are located at points (0, 0, –a) and (0, 0, a) respectively.

(a) Find the electrostatic potential at (0, 0, z) and (x, y, 0)

2
(b) How much work is done in moving a small test charge from the point (5, 0, 0) to (–7, 0, 0) along the
x-axis ?

(c) How would your answer change if the path of the test charge between the same points is not along
the x-axis but along any other random path ?

(d) If the above point charges are now placed in the same positions in a uniform external electric field
E ,what would be the potential energy of the charge system in its orientation of unstable equilibrium ?
Justify your answer in each case. [ 5 ]

Q 2. A capacitor of capacitance C1 is charged to a potential V1 while another capacitor of capacitance

C2 is charged to a potential difference V2. The capacitors are now disconnected from their respective
charging batteries and connected in parallel to each other.

(a) Find the total energy stored in the two capacitors before they are connected.

(b) Find the total energy stored in the parallel combination of the two capacitors.

(c) Explain the reason for the difference of energy in parallel combination in comparison to the total
energy before they are connected. [ 5 ]

3
 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION
CH- 1 Electric Charges and Fields

2023

Q 1. The magnitude of the electric field due to a point charge object at a distance of 4.0 𝑚 is 9 𝑁/𝐶. From
the same charged object, the electric field of magnitude, 16 𝑁/𝐶 will be at a distance of [1]

a. 1 𝑚 b. 2 𝑚 c. 3 𝑚 d. 6 𝑚

Q 2. Assertion (A): Work done in moving a charge around a closed path, in an electric field is always zero.
Reason (R): Electrostatic force is a conservative force. [1]

Q 3. Two charged conducting spheres of radii 𝑎 and 𝑏 are connected to each other by a wire. Find the ratio
of the electric fields at their surfaces. [3]

Q 4.(i) Use Gauss’s law to obtain an expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long thin straight
wire with uniform linear charge density 𝜆.

(ii) An infinitely long positively charged straight wire has a linear charge density 𝜆. An electron is revolving
in a circle with a constant speed 𝜈 such that the wire passes through the centre and is perpendicular to the
plane, of the circle. Find the kinetic energy of the electron in terms of magnitudes of its charge and linear
charge density 𝜆 on the wire.

(iii) Draw a graph of kinetic energy as a function of linear charge density 𝜆. [5]

2022

Q 1 .Write the formula for the intensity of electric field at a point in the axial position of a electric dipole,
giving the meaning of the symbols used. [2]

Q 2. What is meant by Electric Flux ? State the Gauss's law in electrostatics and using this, find the
expression for electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet. [5]

2020

Q 1. If the net electric flux through a closed surface is zero, then we can infer. [1]

a) no net charge is enclosed by the surface.

b) uniform electric field exists within the surface.
c) electric potential varies from point to point inside the surface.
d) charge is present inside the surface.

Q [Link] electric dipole consisting of charges + q and – q separated by a distance L is in stable equilibrium in
a uniform electric field E . The electrostatic potential energy of the dipole is [1]

a) qLE b ) zero c ) -qLE d ) – 2qEL

1
Q 3. (a) Using Gauss law, derive expression for electric field due to a spherical shell of uniform charge
distribution and radius R at a point lying at a distance x from the centre of shell, such that

(i) 0 < x < R, and

(ii) x > R.

(b) An electric field is uniform and acts along + x direction in the region of positive x. It is also uniform with
the same magnitude but acts in – x direction in the region of negative x. The value of the field is E = 200
N/C for x > 0 and E = – 200 N/C for x < 0. A right circular cylinder of length 20 cm and radius 5 cm has its
centre at the origin and its axis along the x-axis so that one flat face is at x = + 10 cm and the other is at x =
– 10 [Link]

i. The net outward flux through the cylinder.

ii. The net charge present inside the cylinder. [5]

2019
Q 1 . Draw the pattern of electric field lines, when a point charge – Q is kept near an uncharged conducting
plate. [1]

Q 2 . (a) Derive an expression for the electric field at any point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole.

(b) Two identical point charges, q each, are kept 2m apart in air. A third point charge Q of unknown
magnitude and sign is placed on the line joining the charges such that the system remains in equilibrium.
Find the position and nature of Q. [5]

2018
Q 1 . Define electric flux and write its S.I unit. The electric field components in the figure shown are Ex =α x
Ey = 0 , Ez = 0 where α = 100 N / Cm . Calculate the charge within the cube, assuming a = 0.1m. [3]

Q [Link] electron falls through a distance of 1.5 cm in a uniform electric field of magnitude 2.0 × 104 N/C

If the direction of the field is reversed (fig. b) keeping its magnitude unchanged, calculate the time taken
by a proton to fall through this distance starting from rest. [3]