Scribd
Upload
4 views12 pages

6 Operating Modes

The document outlines two primary modes of generator operation: isochronous and synchronous. Isochronous operation involves a single generator in isolation, while synchronous operation allows multiple generators to work together, maintaining frequency and voltage through coordinated torque interactions. Additionally, it discusses the importance of synchronizing generators and the impact of power factor on generator performance and efficiency.

Uploaded by

zakariareal623
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views12 pages

6 Operating Modes

The document outlines two primary modes of generator operation: isochronous and synchronous. Isochronous operation involves a single generator in isolation, while synchronous operation allows multiple generators to work together, maintaining frequency and voltage through coordinated torque interactions. Additionally, it discusses the importance of synchronizing generators and the impact of power factor on generator performance and efficiency.

Uploaded by

zakariareal623
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

OPERATING MODES

Operation

Modes of Operation
• Isochronous Operation
– Single generator operation
– Isolated from the grid or Island mode

• Synchronous Operation
– Multiple generator operations
– Allows different turbines and generators to operate
together reacting proportionately to their size.

2 GE Title or job number


11/1/2022
Isochronous Operation

Frequency determined by: Prime Mover Speed

Voltage determined by: Prime Mover Speed & 3


Excitation Current
3 GE Title or job number
11/1/2022
Synchronous Operation

• Turbine provides mechanical power to the generator.


• Generator transforms shaft power into electric power.
• Torque from the prime mover tends to accelerate the rotor.
• Electromechanical torque from the generator opposes turbine
torque and keeps speed constant.
• Generator torque is created by interaction of flux from the rotor
and current from the stator.
• An increase in turbine torque results in an increase in power &
torque from the generator.

4 GE Title or job number


11/1/2022
Synchronizing Generators

Open 52G Lights Out


Zero

Synchronizing Requirements
1. Match frequency
2. Match voltage Lights On
3. Match phase sequence
2X 5
4. Match phase angle
5 GE Title or job number
11/1/2022
Synchronous Operation - Start Up

6 GE Title or job number


11/1/2022
Synchronous Grid Operation
Stiff Flexible

Stiff Grid Operation


Frequency determined by: The Grid
Voltage determined by: The Grid

7 GE Title or job number


11/1/2022
Power Factor
7FH2
Customer specifies minimum 250 MVA, 0.85 PF
power factor for operation at 280T419 – Baglan Bay Application
at 468 MW, 0.85 PF
rated kVA
> Small generators: 0.80 - 0.85
> Large generators: 0.90 or higher 660
250MVA
MVA
348 MVAr
131.7 MVar
Lower power factors require 
> greater excitation, 561 MW
212.5 MW
> better cooling or higher
temperatures,
 = 31.8
> more losses,
cos 31.8° = 0.85
> lower efficiency = 561/660
212.5/250
> generally a more expensive machine

Generator cost driven by MVA rating rather


8
than MW rating
8 GE Title or job number
11/1/2022
Generator Capability Curve

(Leading) Reactive Power - MVARs (Lagging)


Limited by
Field Heating
125
45 PSIG 0.60 0.70
100 30 PSIG
15 PSIG 0.80 0.85
0.90
75
50 0.95
0.98
25
Limited by
0 Armature
-25 Heating

-50
0.90 0.95
-75
0.60 0.70 0.85
0.80
-100 Limited by Armature
Core End Heating
25 50 100 125 150 175 200
Real Power - MW
Limits on WATTs & VARs a function of Hydrogen pressure.
More heat can be removed at higher H2 pressures.
9
GE Title or job number

Footer 11/1/2022
Synchronous Operation – Shut Down

10

10 GE Title or job number


11/1/2022
Energy Flow

11

11 GE Title or job number


11/1/2022

You might also like