Script:

Form, also known as composition is the deliberate arrangement, organization, and structure of
visual elements – such as the line, shape, space, texture, value, and color – within the work and
applying the principles of design (the rules in organizing the elements) to incorporate an artwork that
guides the viewer’s eyes and serves as the foundation for the artist’s narrative or expression. So, form,
is not only an element of art that makes an artwork pleasing in the eye but rather give depth to an
artwork’s meaning and serves as like a bridge for artist to better communicate what is beyond than the
artwork itself.
So, when we study the form of an artwork, we are also studying or looking at how the artist
made that certain artwork. We will think about why for example, one part has a brighter color than the
other, why one area catches our attention first, and how everything works together as a whole para mas
maipaabot bala sa iya target audience and meaning of that certain arwork.
For example, if youve noticed, like have you seen Leonardo da Vinci’s The last Supper? Kamo
bi, ano inyo na-notice sa paintiong? Anyone? So, in Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper, if youve
noticed, the people are arranged neatly with Jesus in the middle. So, this make him the main focus of
the paintiong. Kay kung ma-noticed ninyo, everytime nga maglantaw kamo sa painting, inyo mata ga-
deretso dason kay Jesus di’ba? Because he is the main focus of the painting. Vinci employed the
principles of art in his painting like balance, Jesus being at the center, with six disciples on each of his
side. Ano pa? Emphasis, Jesus being the main focal point. If you will noticed sa painting, Jesus is not
only located in the middle. He was also framed by the window behind him and also looks a lot calmer
than the other in the frame, that makes him easily draws attention the other.

Aspects of Form
In simple terms the Elements of Art and the Principles of Art are the What vs. How of an
artwork. How can I say so? When we say Elements of Art, these are the ingredients, or the WHAT.
These are the basic tools and artist work with. The line, the shape, etc. Principles of Art, on the other
hand, is the recipe, the HOW. These are the guidelines for how the elements are used together to make
the artwork effective, when we say effective, it can communicate well its meaning to its audience, and
visually engaging. For example, balance, contrast, etc. So, guys, when you use the elements of arts ya,
you can not immediately guarantee a good artwork because again they are simply the materials, the
outcome of your artwork will depend on how you are going to incorporate those elements using the
principles of art.

The outcome or actual output of the creative process is the finished artwork itself. This is the
tangible result of planning or is already an executed idea. It is no longer just an imagination but already
an expressed one. It’s no longer just a concept or sketch in the artist’s mind; it’s something that
physically exists and can be seen, touched, or experienced.
Two-Dimensional (2D) works. These artworks have height and width, but no real depth. They
exist on a flat surface, even if they create the illusion of depth.
Three-Dimensional (3D) works. These artworks have height, width, and depth. They occupy
real space and can be viewed from multiple angles.

Modern types of form refer to artistic outputs that rely on technology or technological media
for their creation, presentation, or experience. Instead of being made only by hand with traditional
tools, these works are produced, enhanced, or delivered using digital devices, machines, and electronic
systems. (e.g., Digital Arts, Graphic Design, Digital Photography, Video or Film, and the like).
2-Dimensional Art
A plane is any flat surface that has height and width but no physical depth. It is the base on
which the artwork is made (e.g., Paper, Canvas, Cardboard, Walls, or kung ano ano pa na da).
To simply put, it is what an artwork physically is vs. what it visually communicates to the
viewer. Even though a 2D artwork exists on a flat plane, it can project a 3-dimensional effect. Artists do
this by creating the illusion of depth and volume rather than actual physical form. So, dira gagamit sang
shading or value, perspective, inang mga nag-overlap, etc.
Art form refers to the actual, physical appearance of the artwork—whether it is 2D or 3D. So,
for example, a painting or a drawing, it will remain physically flat no matter how realistic it may look.
While conveyance is what the artwork communicates or suggests visually, such as depth, volume, or
space. Dira na dason masulod and 3-Dimensional effect sang painting or drawing even though it is
subjected to a flat surface. So, ang art form is the actual physical appearance of an artwork, while
conveyance is what the artwork communicates visually, the manner in which we view a certain
artwork.

Characteristics of Two-Dimensional Art

A. Two-dimensional art exists on a surface that has only width and height. There is no actual physical
depth.
B. Pareho lang sa kaina. So, Decorative Spaces, the artwork feels flat, and the viewer is always aware
of the surface. Plastic Spaces, on the other hand, even though the artwork is still 2D, it visually
suggests a 3D environment to the viewer’s eye.
C. The picture plane is the flat surface on which the artwork exists, and the picture frame is the defined
boundary of that surface. For two-dimensional artists, the frame can be seen as a constraint, since
everything must occur within a fixed area. So, in a canvas, for example, the picture plane is the flat
surface of the canvas itself—the area where the image is created. The picture frame refers to the outer
boundary of the canvas. So, it could be the frame surrounding the canvas, or it could be the edge of the
canvas itself.

Drawing
Drawing involves moving a tool across a smooth surface to create marks. These tools may
include pencils, pens, charcoal, ink, chalk, or digital styluses, and the surfaces can be paper, canvas,
walls, or screens. So, in this type of 2-dimensional art, the most important element is the line. Drawing
is a type of two-dimensional art that is both independent (can stand alone) and could also serve as a
starting point for more complex creative processes.
One example here is the artwork Madonna and the Child, a central subject in Christian art
depicting the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus. So, this artwork symbolizes the incarnation of Christ
and Mary’s motherly devotion.
 Hatching – shading made with parallel lines placed close together.
 Cross-hatching – shading made with overlapping lines that cross each other.
 Smoothing tones together to create soft transitions from light to dark.
 Shading created using small dots placed close or far apart.

Painting
Painting involves spreading or layering pigment onto a surface such as canvas, wood, paper, or
walls. Artists commonly use tools like paintbrushes, palette knives, and rollers, but many also use
hands or fingers to achieve more direct, expressive, or textured effects.
A binder is the ingredient in paint that holds the pigment together and helps it stick to the
surface.
 A solvent is a liquid that thins the paint and makes it easier to spread. It also helps clean
brushes.
One example presented here is Vincent van Gogh’s The Starry Night that symbolizes his
deteriorating mental state. It also symbolizes his connection to nature and his interest in traveling to the
stars through death.

Three-Dimensional Art
Unlike 2D art (paintings, drawings), 3D art has actual physical depth. It is not just an illusion —
it exists in real space.
To truly understand and appreciate 3D art, you often need to be in front of the real object.
Because sometimes, details are only visible from certain angles, and the artwork may interact with
space, light, and he environment, making small details of the art indistinguishable in a far distance.
 Some 3D art is created purely for beauty or expression — this is Fine Art.
 But many 3D artworks also serve a practical purpose — this is Applied Art.
Unlike 2D art (like paintings), 3D art exists in real space, which means you can you can feel the
texture of the artwork and determine if it is smooth, rough, bumpy, or polished.

Sculpture
Sculpture is a type of 3D art where artists create forms or shapes using materials that have real
depth, volume, and mass.
The artist manipulates materials through Assembling, Modeling, Carving, and Casting to create
an artwork that exists in real space.

Types of Sculpture
 Free Standing
A free-standing sculpture is a type of three-dimensional artwork that is not attached to a
wall or background. It stands independently on its own base or support, and it can be viewed
from all sides.
 Relief Sculpture
A relief sculpture is a type of 3D art that projects from a flat surface, such as a wall or panel.
Unlike free-standing sculpture, it is attached to a background, and it is designed to be
viewed mainly from the front.

Assembling
Assembling is a sculpture-making process where the artist joins together different materials to
create a single artwork.
Instead of carving from one block or modeling with clay, the artist builds the sculpture by
combining various objects or materials.
Modeling
Building up the form using soft materials like clay or wax. The artist adds and shapes material
until the desired shape is achieved.
Carving
Removing material from a solid block (stone, wood, ice). The artist chisels or cuts away pieces
to reveal the form inside.
Casting
Creating a mold and pouring liquid material (like metal or plaster) into it. Once it hardens, the
sculpture takes the shape of the mold.
Crafts
Crafts are three-dimensional objects made by skilled hands that are meant to be used in daily
life.
Unlike fine art (which is mainly created for beauty or expression), crafts are functional,
meaning they have a useful purpose.
 Baskets for carrying or storing items
 Plates and cups for eating and drinking
 Vases and jars for holding flowers or storing food
 Kitchen utensils for cooking
 Jewelry for styling

Architecture
Architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and structures that
provide safe, functional, and comfortable spaces for people and other living beings.
It is not just about creating a building—it involves planning, designing, and managing the
whole process from start to finish.

Technological Art
Refers to artworks created, modified, or presented using digital technology, electronic devices,
and computer systems, moving beyond traditional materials to embrace tools like AI, 3D printing, and
software.

Photography
Photography is the art and technique of capturing images using a camera. The word
photography means “writing with light”, because it involves recording light on a light-sensitive surface.
Originally, photography was used mainly to capture moments, such as familu portraits,
historical events, landscapes, and daily life but over time, photography has become a powerful art form
used to express ideas, emotions, and messages.

Films and Videos

A film is a series of still images (frames) that are recorded on a strip of photographic film.
When these images are shown quickly one after another, they create the illusion of motion. This is the
basic principle behind motion pictures.
Now, digital video recording has largely replaced traditional film in many areas because it is
easier to edit, cheaper, faster to produce, and more flexible for effects. But films are NOT completely
obsolete because Some filmmakers still prefer film for its unique visual quality.

Computer Arts
Computer art encompasses any artistic work where computers, software, and algorithms play a
key role in creation, production, or display.
One example computer art is graphic design, the art of creating visual content such as posters,
logos, advertisements, and digital illustrations. Modern graphic designers rely heavily on computers
because computers make it easier to design, edit, and produce high-quality artwork.