5

5 (five) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number, and cardinal number, following 4 and
preceding 6, and is a prime number. ←4 5 6→
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 →
Humans, and many other animals, have 5 digits on their limbs. List of numbers · Integers
← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →
Cardinal five
Mathematics Ordinal 5th (fifth)
Numeral system quinary
5 is a Fermat prime, a Mersenne prime exponent,[1] as well as a Fibonacci number. 5 is the first congruent Factorization prime
number, as well as the length of the hypotenuse of the smallest integer-sided right triangle, making part of the Prime 3rd
smallest Pythagorean triple (3, 4, 5).[2] Divisors 1, 5
Greek numeral Ε´
5 is the first safe prime[3] and the first good prime.[4] 11 forms the first pair of sexy primes with 5.[5] 5 is the Roman numeral V, v
second Fermat prime, of a total of five known Fermat primes.[6] 5 is also the first of three known Wilson Greek prefix penta-/pent-
primes (5, 13, 563).[7] Latin prefix quinque-/quinqu-/quint-
Binary 1012
Geometry Ternary 123
Senary 56
A shape with five sides is called a pentagon. The equilateral pentagon is the first regular polygon that does
not tile the plane with copies of itself. The pentagon solid has the largest face of any of the five regular three- Octal 58
dimensional regular Platonic solids. Duodecimal 512
Hexadecimal 516
A conic is determined using five points in the same way that two points are needed to determine a line.[8] A Greek ε (or Ε)
pentagram, or five-pointed polygram, is a star polygon constructed by connecting some non-adjacent vertices Arabic, Kurdish ٥
of a regular pentagon as self-intersecting edges.[9] The internal geometry of the pentagon and pentagram
(represented by its Schläfli symbol {5/2}) appears prominently in Penrose tilings. Pentagrams are facets
Persian, Sindhi, Urdu ۵
Ge'ez ፭
inside Kepler–Poinsot star polyhedra and Schläfli–Hess star polychora.
Bengali ৫
There are five regular Platonic solids the tetrahedron, the cube, the octahedron, the dodecahedron, and the Kannada ೫
icosahedron.[10] Punjabi ੫
The plane contains a total of five Bravais lattices, or arrays of points defined by discrete translation
Chinese numeral 五
Armenian Ե
operations. Uniform tilings of the plane, are generated from combinations of only five regular polygons.[11]
Devanāgarī ५
Hebrew ‫ה‬
Higher dimensional geometry Khmer ៥
A hypertetrahedron, or 5-cell, is the 4 dimensional analogue of the tetrahedron. It has five vertices. Its Telugu ౫
orthographic projection is homomorphic to the group K5.[12]: p.120 Malayalam ൫
Tamil ௫
There are five fundamental mirror symmetry point group families in 4-dimensions. There are also 5 compact Thai ๕
hyperbolic Coxeter groups, or 4-prisms, of rank 5, each generating uniform honeycombs in hyperbolic 4-
Babylonian numeral 𒐙
space as permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams.[13]
Egyptian hieroglyph, |||||
Chinese counting rod
Algebra Maya numerals 𝋥
Morse code .....
5 is the value of the central cell of the first non-trivial normal magic square, called the Luoshu square. All
ASCII value ENQ
integers can be expressed as the sum of five non-zero squares.[14][15] There are five countably
infinite Ramsey classes of permutations.[16]: p.4 5 is conjectured to be the only odd, untouchable number; if
Santali ᱕
this is the case, then five will be the only odd prime number that is not the
base of an aliquot tree.[17]

Every odd number greater than five is conjectured to be expressible as the sum of three prime
numbers; Helfgott has provided a proof of this[18] (also known as the odd Goldbach conjecture)
that is already widely acknowledged by mathematicians as it still undergoes peer-review. On the
other hand, every odd number greater than one is the sum of at most five prime numbers (as a
lower limit).[19]

Unsolved problem in mathematics

The four-dimensional 5-cell is
Is 5 the only odd, untouchable number?
the simplest regular The first Pythagorean
polychoron. More unsolved problems in mathematics
triple

Group theory
In graph theory, all graphs with four or fewer vertices are planar, however, there is a graph with five vertices that is not: K5, the complete graph with five
vertices. By Kuratowski's theorem, a finite graph is planar if and only if it does not contain a subgraph that is a subdivision of K5, or K3,3, the utility graph.[20]
There are five complex exceptional Lie algebras. The five Mathieu groups constitute the first generation in the happy family of
sporadic groups. These are also the first five sporadic groups to have been described.[21]: p.54 A centralizer of an element of order 5
inside the largest sporadic group arises from the product between Harada–Norton sporadic group and a group of order
5.[22][23]

List of basic calculations

The smallest non-
trivial magic square

This diagram shows the subquotient relations of

the twenty-six sporadic groups; the five Mathieu
groups form the simplest class (colored red ).

Multiplication 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

5×x 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

Division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

5÷x 5 2.5 1.6 1.25 0.83 0.714285 0.625 0.5 0.5 0.45 0.416 0.384615 0.3571428 0.3
1
x÷5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3

Exponentiation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
x 5 25 125 625 15625 78125 390625 1953125 9765625 48828125 244140625 1220703125 6103515625 30517578125
5
3125
5 1 32 243 1024 7776 16807 32768 59049 100000 161051 248832 371293 537824 759375
x

Evolution of the Arabic digit

The evolution of the modern Western digit for the numeral for five is traced back to the Indian system of numerals, where on some earlier versions, the
numeral bore resemblance to variations of the number four, rather than "5" (as it is represented today). The Kushana and Gupta empires in what is now
India had among themselves several forms that bear no resemblance to the modern digit. Later on, Arabic traditions transformed the digit in several ways,
producing forms that were still similar to the numeral for four, with similarities to the numeral for three; yet, still unlike the modern five.[24] It was from those
digits that Europeans finally came up with the modern 5 (represented in writings by Dürer, for example).

While the shape of the character for the digit 5 has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the glyph usually has a descender, as,
for example, in .

On the seven-segment display of a calculator and digital clock, it is often represented by five segments at four successive turns from top to bottom, rotating
counterclockwise first, then clockwise, and vice versa. It is one of three numbers, along with 4 and 6, where the number of segments matches the number. This
makes it often indistinguishable from the letter S. Higher segment displays may sometimes may make use of a diagonal for one of the two.

Other fields
In Basque, bost, "5", also means "a lot".[25]

Religion

Judaism
Five is according to Maharal of Prague the number defined as the center point which unifies four extremes.
Islam
The Five Pillars of Islam.[26] The five-pointed simple star ☆ is one of the five used in Islamic Girih tiles.[27]

See also

Mathematics portal

5 (disambiguation)

References
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Further reading
Wells, D. (1987). The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. London, UK: Penguin Group. pp. 58–67.

External links
Prime curiosities: 5 ([Link]
Media related to 5 (number) at Wikimedia Commons

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