MODULE NO.
13:
General & Clinical
Pharmacology
Block – 7
General & Clinical Pharmacology
(13)
(Theory)
PHARMACOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 58
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING
DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Define Pharmacodynamics, Affinity, Efficacy, Potency
Explain Agonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists,
bias, allosteric agonists, and modulators with
examples.
Define Spare receptors and give clinical importance.
Elaborate Transmembrane signaling pathways
Name the Effectors controlled by G-proteins
Describe various Drug–antagonism types with
examples
Define Median Effective (ED50), Median Toxic (TD50)
& Median Lethal Dose (LD50) and its clinical relevance
Define the Therapeutic index and give its
GPh-Ph- clinical importance. Pharmacodyna
Pharmacology
001 mics
Define the Therapeutic window and give its clinical
importance.
Compare & discuss the information derived from
Graded and Quantal dose-response curves.
Explain the significance of Semi-log Transformation.
Define Desensitization, Tachyphylaxis, Tolerance,
Resistance, Super sensitivity, Hypersensitivity,
Superinfection, Iatrogenic effect, and Idiosyncrasy,
and give examples.
Describe the Phenomenon of down-regulation of
receptors.
Describe Pharmacogenetics and give examples.
86
Illustrate various phases of Drug development.
List the cholinergic receptors and recall their site
of action and 2nd messenger system. Biochemistry
& Physiology
Classify cholinergic agonists and antagonists.
Discuss the pharmacological actions / systemic effects
of cholinergic agonists and antagonists.
Physiology
Outline the clinical uses and adverse effects of
Cholinomimetics.
Differentiate between myasthenic crisis and
cholinergic crisis.
Give the outline of the management of Myasthenia
Medicine
gravis.
Role of pharmacology in Alzheimer’s disease.
Autonomic
GPh-Ph- Ophthalmolog Pharmacology
Role of Pharmacology in treatment of Glaucoma
002 y Cholinergic
Discuss the management of Organophosphate (OPC) System
poisoning
Describe the process of “aging” in OPC poisoning and
its management
Discuss the Therapeutic Uses of Antimuscarinics
Role of anticholinergic drugs in the management of
Parkinson’s disease Medicine
Enlist the Toxicity and contraindications of Atropine
along with their rationale.
Enlist the Toxicity and Management of Nicotine
Poisoning
Enlist the Toxicity and Management of Mushroom
Poisoning
Enlist the adrenergic receptors and recall their site of
Physiology
action and 2nd messenger system. Autonomic
GPh-Ph- and
Pharmacology
Classify adrenergic agonists Biochemistry
003 (Adrenergic
System)
Recall the general characteristics of catecholamines. Biochemistry
87
Compare the structural characteristics of
catecholamines & non-catecholamines
Discuss the pharmacological actions / systemic effects
of direct and indirect-acting adrenergic agonists.
Physiology
Enlist the therapeutic uses, adverse effects, and
contraindications of direct-acting adrenergic agonists.
Classify alpha blockers
Elaborate the clinical uses of alpha-blockers.
Discuss the adverse effects of alpha-blockers.
Classify Beta-blockers
Explain the clinical indications of beta antagonists
Enlist their adverse effects.
Compare and contrast the characteristics of
Reserpine and Guanethidine.
Explain the pharmacological actions of ganglion
Medicine
blockers.
Discuss epinephrine reversal
Expand on the pharmacology of drugs that balance
sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. (like
clonidine and methyldopa)
Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in understanding and
modulating the autonomic nervous system
Use of AI to improve pharmacotherapy for conditions
like hypertension and chronic heart failure
BIOCHEMISTRY
TOTAL HOURS = 02
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING
DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Describe the features of Signal transduction. Describe Signal
GPh-B- Transduction &
different types of second messengers Differentiate the Biochemistry
001 Second
G protein and non-G protein mediated
Messengers
PHYSIOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 02
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Describe the types of adrenergic and cholinergic
receptors and their functions.
Autonomic
GPh-P- Explain the effects of sympathetic and Medical
Nervous
001 physiology
parasympathetic on various organs/systems of the System
body
BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
TOTAL HOURS = 02
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
GPh- Describe common ethical dilemmas in drug trials & Behavioural Ethical
BhS-001 pharmaceutical industry. sciences dilemmas
Block – 7
General & Clinical Pharmacology
(13)
(Practical / Lab Work)
PHARMACOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS = 12
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING TOPIC
DISCIPLINE
Preparation on Normal Saline, dextrose Saline and
1000 ml of O.R.S. in water
To prepare and dispense doses of carminative mixture
To prepare and dispense 100 ml of 0.1 % KMnO4 Drug
GPh-Ph-
Pharmacology preparation and
004 solution using a stock solution dispensing
To prepare and dispense 4 doses of APC Powder
To prepare and dispense 12 g of Sulphur ointment B-
P 10%
GPh-Ph- Analysis and interpretation of Drugs (Acetylcholine,
Pharmacology
005 Atropine Adrenaline, Propranolol) on animal
through videos / simulations / graphs / practical
online
performance.
Analysis and interpretation of different Concentrations
of Acetylcholine on Rabbit’s Ileum through online
videos / simulations / graphs / practical performance.
Analysis and interpretation of drug Antagonism
Autonomic
Between Acetylcholine and Atropine on Rabbit’s Ileum Nervous
through online videos / simulations / graphs / practical System
performance.
Analysis and interpretation of Drugs (Pilocarpine,
Adrenaline, Atropine, Homatropine, Proparacaine) on
Rabbit’s Eye through online videos / simulations /
graphs / practical performance.
PATIENT SAFETY
TOTAL HOURS = 03
CODE SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
INTEGRATING
DISCIPLINE TOPIC
Understanding of the terms error, slip, lapse, mistake, Learning from
GPh-PS-
errors to
001 violation, near miss and hindsight bias
prevent harm
Pharmacology
GPh-PS- Learn and practice ways to improve the safety of Medication
002 medication use. safety