ABSTRACT

Any stove that burns combustible gas, such as syngas, natural gas, propane, butane, liquefied petroleum
gas, or other flammable gas, is referred to as a gas stove. When the gas builds up without being "lighted,"
natural gas stoves are susceptible to explosion. Making sure the gas "lights up" into a flame and turning the
gas off and if it doesn't is the easiest approach to avoid it. However, the gas will explode if you let the
stove's gas level rise before attempting to light it.

A smart stove safety gadget uses mechatronic technology to automatically turn off gas stoves when a
natural gas leak is discovered. When it detects a gas leak, the smart safety device immediately hooks to the
existing knobs and turns off the gas stove. With the sophisticated timer control that shuts off the gas supply
when the pre-set time is up, our equipment also offers a function that gives enhanced safety. The device
also features a mechanism that keeps an eye on the area in front of the gas stove, and if there isn't any
movement for an extended period of time, it will cut off the gas supply. A wide range of applications are
being driven by IoT's capacity to both enable and deliver sensor data as well as device-to-device
communication. With the suggested device's IOT system, you can use a smartphone to check the state of a
gas stove and manage the timer system. This project's primary goals are to decrease dangers in the kitchen
and improve the usability of gas stoves.

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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

This chapter will discuss the introduction of the smart and safe gas stove appliance. The purpose, problem
definition, and work scope will all be explained in this chapter.

Internet of things (IoT) is becoming more and more common in today’s households, which have smart
devices like home assistants, smart fridges, smart lights and devices to manage the temperature in your
house. Those products are there to make the daily life easier for people. One group of people who really
might need extra assistance in their homes is elderly people. If they get extra assistance, they might be able
to stay in their homes rather than going to a retirement home. The goal of this thesis project is to create a
system that will make it safer for senior citizens to prepare their own meals. Elderly individuals sometimes
have diminished senses of smell, making it difficult for them to detect food that is beginning to burn. They
may also forget about the food they have on the stove, which could result in a kitchen fire or other
potentially hazardous situation.

Today there already exist fire alarms that will warn people if the system believes there is a fire, however it
does not prevent a fire to start in the first place. Additionally, there is a delay between a fire alarm
activating and the arrival of help (i.e. fire trucks and firefighters). The goal of this thesis is to study how to
create a system that can monitor the cooking performed by the user and warn the user if there is a
potentially dangerous situation building up, for example if they left the stove unattended for too long. The
system could also warn relatives or healthcare workers if the user is not responding to the alarm. Since our
system is supposed to be used by elderly people, which is a wide group of people, and technical knowledge
may differ we need to make sure to design it so that it is easy to use for anyone.

Designing such a system comes with some challenges; what wireless network technologies should be used,
is some better to use together with other technologies like the ones that usually already exist in a home
environment, such as Wi-Fi? What requirements do we need to fulfil to make our design work as intended?
These questions related to networking and embedded systems need to be answered to come up with a
solution that will fulfill the purpose we have with our system

1.1 Theory:

Mainly there are four features in this device. They are gas leakage system, motion detector system, timer
system and IOT based automatic control system.
Gas leaks are a significant issue in our daily lives today. LPG is extremely combustible and
dangerous to both people and property. The gas sensor in our device detects any gas leaks and disables the
knob.

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 This device contains a motion detector sensor, if no motion is detected in the vicinity of your stove
during that interval the device activates and alarm starts beeping. The device sends an SMS to phone
whether to turn off your device or not. If there is no response It will automatically tturns off the gas stove
when in emergency. The timing circuit and display mounted on it enables users to set time. For example, if
we set for 5min after five minutes the knob will turn off automatically. This makes gas stove smarter and
much convenient to use.

Our IOT based gas stove off system allows user to check whether the gas stove Is on or not. If the
user left his home and wondered whether his stove is on or not, he can easily check the status of the gas
stove through his smartphone. If it is on user can turn it off using his mobile phone.

1.2 Problem Statement:

Kitchen is the center of our home where we prepare food and share our happiness. It’s easy to forget
something as simple as turning off your gas stove but if we are not careful something terrible can happen.
In India, gas cylinder explosions cause about 15 fatalities every day. Just consider how many of these could
be avoided. The primary goal of the project is to develop a safety-enhancing tool that will also enhance
quality of life by making gas stoves intelligent and practical to operate.

1.3 Project Purpose:

The following are the project's goals.

● To create and develop smart and safety device for gas stove.
● To provide safety in the kitchen.
● To provide better quality of life.
● To develop a smart portable device.
● To make gas stove smart and user friendly.

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Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

[1] Mr. Kalen Darang, Create a security system that meets the strictest criteria for our home's security?
When preparing food in the kitchen, we have undoubtedly occasionally felt the necessity for this
instrument. One must have thought about what a gas stove would tell us if we left it unattended, from
boiling milk to cooking a complete meal, to ensure that our milk wouldn't spill and the food wouldn't be
overcooked or burnt. We do not exclude the possibility that a gas leak scenario could occur in the space,
which is extremely risky for us and might even result in fatalities. Humans have a propensity to forget
things and become fully preoccupied with other things. When we cook on a gas burner, we frequently end
up conversing and doing other things while the food is cooking. In light of this, we created a safety tool that
we refer to as KIT-SAFE: Kitchen Safety Device. The system is equipped with sensors that may provide
information about the environment around the kitchen. A few of the key components include the DHT11
temperature sensor, MQ3 gas detection sensor, IR sensor, Arduino, etc. Given that we rely on the food we
prepare to sustain us, the kitchen should be the safest room in the house. Unattended gas stoves and gas
leaks are the main causes of the innumerable accidents that occur all around us every day. According to the
National Crime Records Bureau, gas explosions cause at least 10 fatalities every week in the state, with a
majority of women (82%) as victims. In India, there are currently 263 million connections, of which 224
million are active, according to the data. The number of customers in India with government subsidies is
probably going to rise yearly. If utilised and managed improperly, this might endanger our lives.

[2] Rohith Naidu V, Although liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is frequently used in homes, the user is
unaware of his daily consumption rate and the window of time before he needs to schedule a refill. In
homes and other places where domestic gas is used, gas leaks are a severe issue. Therefore, in this project,
we provide an Internet of Things (IoT) based system that keeps users informed by monitoring numerous
LPG cylinder-related factors using a mobile application. This project consists of two parts. The first
component deals with the percentage of gas still in the bottle, which is determined using a strain gauge
sensor, and which is continuously updated to the app the user is using. Using a buzzer and a mobile app
notification, the user will be informed when the gas level is below the threshold. Another component of this
home automation system is the safety feature, which alerts the user of a gas leak using both a mobile app
and a buzzer. In order to stop more leaks from the source, it also switches off the gas regulator knob at the
same moment. Additionally, we can use our mobile app to turn on and off the gas valve. The apparatus is
intended to serve as a stand for LPG cylinders.

[3] Manu Mathew, In both urban and rural houses nowadays, gas burners are fairly prevalent. LPG or
biogas is the primary energy source for gas burners. LPG is more expensive than biogas. Both times, the
chemical energy contained in the fuel is transformed into heat energy and used to cook. LPG has an
3
explosive range of 1.8 percent to 9.5 percent of the airborne gas volume. Methane is the primary
combustible element in biogas. A large explosion that can last several lifetimes will result from an LPG or
biogas leak and a little spark. Therefore, leakage should be detected early on and compensated for for the
sake of safety. Since fossil fuel is the primary source of LPG, its high usage will undoubtedly result in a
shortage of the fuel in the near future. It is our job to use fuels sparingly and to prevent any fuel waste in
order to guarantee the availability of fossil fuels for the next generation. We discuss the automation of the
gas stove in this article, which will minimise fuel waste and cut down on human involvement. The
distinctive characteristics of LPG that contribute to its flammability are discussed in this article. There is
also a study of several cutting-edge safety measures including alarms and automatic gas leak messaging.

[4] Andrey Somov, A wireless gas sensor network (WGSN) for the detection of explosive or flammable
gases has been developed and characterised. A sensor node, a relay node, a network coordinator, and a
wireless controller make up a WGSN. The sensor node uses a built-in 2D semiconductor sensor to detect
gases early. We employ a pulse heating profile to significantly reduce power consumption because the
sensor uses a lot of electricity, which reduces the node's lifespan. A relay node collects communication
from sensor nodes and transmits it to the network coordinator and back. The network coordinator can
automatically manage the gas emission source using a wireless controller and warn the operator via
GSM/GPRS or Ethernet network when an emergency condition is recognised. Our experimental findings
demonstrate how to establish the sensitive layer of the sensor's optimum temperature for methane detection,
as well as how quickly the sensor reacts to various gases and how much energy the sensor node uses. The
WGSN that was presented could be applied to numerous gas monitoring applications.

[5] Shaobin Feng, The applications of gas sensors in the fields of smart homes, wearable technology, and
smart mobile terminals have advanced significantly with the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) technology.
The gas sensor displays cross-sensitivity and low selectivity faults in such intricate sensing situations.
Therefore, by incorporating sensor arrays, signal processing, and machine learning approaches into
conventional gas sensing technologies, smart gas sensing methods have been developed to address these
problems. The reader is introduced to the overall framework of smart gas sensing technology in this review,
which focuses on three key areas: gas sensor arrays made of various materials, signal processing for feature
extraction and drift compensation, and gas pattern recognition using techniques like Support Vector
Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The majority of the pertinent recently published
research have been covered in the execution, evaluation, and comparison of the offered solutions at each
phase. This analysis also underlines the difficulties that smart gas sensing systems must overcome,
specifically those related to circuit integration and downsizing, real-time sensing, and repeatability and
reusability. Further, suggested solutions are examined to demonstrate potential future paths for smart gas
sensing.

[6] Xiao Liu, Gas detection uses sensing technology, which has been the subject of extensive research.
Researchers have worked on several scenarios with enhanced calibration of gas sensors since different gas
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sensing systems have varied applications and inherent constraints. In this article, descriptions, analyses,
comparisons, and most recent advancements in gas sensing technology are reviewed. On the basis of
variations in electrical and other qualities, a classification of sensing methods is offered. Through additional
categorization by sensing materials, such as metal oxide semiconductors, polymers, carbon nanotubes, and
moisture absorption materials, a thorough introduction to sensing methods based on electrical changes is
covered. In a broad sense, techniques based on different kinds of variations, such as gas chromatography,
calorimetry, acoustics, and optical, are discussed. Future development-related suggestions are also covered
in detail.

[7] Selvapriya C, LPG is made up of a mixture of the extremely combustible chemical butane and propane.
Since it is an odourless gas with the addition of Ethanthiol, leaks are simple to find. Other international
standards, which are most frequently used as odorants, include EN589, amyl mercaptan, and
tetrahydrothiophene. One of the modern alternative fuels is LPG. As a result of the rising costs of gasoline
and diesel, LPG is also employed as an alternative fuel in automobiles. Some individuals have a poor sense
of smell and may or may not respond to a gas leak with a low concentration. High security systems become
necessary in this situation and aid in preventing gas leak mishaps. In India, Russia, and Japan, the Bhopal,
Chernobyl, and Okishima gas tragedies are examples of gas leakage accidents. The gas leak industrial
accident was the worst ever recorded. Not only is it crucial to find a gas leak, but it's also crucial to stop it.
We have created a system to identify LPG leaks and signal appropriate responses, such as exhaust fan
rotation, SMS, phone call, beep, and LED flash. This study offers a highly accurate and economical
technique.

[8] Gongbo Zhou, A wireless sensor network can be utilised as an addition to the current wired gas
monitoring system to fill in the blind spots and identify cable system issues. A multi-section coal mine's gas
monitoring innovative chained wireless sensor network (NCWSN) idea is defined. Also taken into account
is NCWSN connectivity. To concentrate on gas monitoring, two energy-efficient techniques—node
scheduling and data fusion—are implemented in NCWSN gas monitoring after introducing the benefits of
NCWSN for gas monitoring. By delivering the energy distribution frame in a specific portion, the node
scheduling strategy is able to maintain the balance between energy costs. By using fuzzy sets, a data fusion
approach can lower the number of transmission data bits. Finally, the capabilities of the network as well as
the performances of NCWSNs are examined. It has been demonstrated that implementing node scheduling
and data fusion increases energy efficiency by a factor of two. Additionally, it's critical to strike a balance
between energy usage, network capacity, and detection precision by picking the right number of sections.

[9] K.R.K Sastry, Elderly people struggle to regulate the LPG gas knob in a timely manner, which results in
incorrect cooking and overcooking, which degrades the flavour of food. It has been noted that they
frequently require assistance from their associations in order to effectively use the Sim and Power buttons.
The goal of this project is to create a tool that makes it easier to use a smartphone to quickly manage the
gas knob. The goal of this project is to create an automatic gas cooker controller that works with a mobile
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unit to control the GAS (High, Sim, OFF) knob position. The suggested arrangement uses components that
are readily available and a smartphone to monitor and manage the gas knob's position (DC motor, FPGA
and Bluetooth module).

[10] V. Ramya, in the modern world, security is extremely important, so it is crucial that workplaces and
institutions of learning have effective security measures in place. The security model now utilised in
industries is modified in this work, and it can also be applied in households and offices. The primary
objective of the effort is to develop a microcontroller-based system for the detection and alerting of
dangerous gases. Every second, dangerous chemicals like LPG and propane were detected and presented on
the LCD screen. If the normal level of these gases is exceeded, an alert is immediately triggered, and the
authorised person is also given an alarm message (SMS) through GSM. This automatic detection and
warning system has one advantage over the manual method: it provides a quick response time and accurate
emergency situation identification, which accelerates the spread of a critical situation.

[11] Anandhakrishnan S, Gas leakage and its detection are now big issues in our day-to-day lives. The
wasting of gas is another significant issue. LPG is extremely combustible and dangerous to both people and
property. Reliable gas leak detecting methods have been developed in an effort to prevent such situations.
Some leak detection techniques have been created to enable the leak to be discovered because simply being
aware of a leak does not always suffice to start corrective action. We want to use the Internet of Things to
lower dangers in the kitchen. The primary goal is to suggest the layout and assembly of an SMS-based gas
leak warning system. Gas leaks in the kitchen can be found with the gas sensor. An infrared sensor is also
used to keep track of gas wastage. When the sensor does not identify a container over the burner after a
predetermined amount of time, the alert is set off.

[12] K. Padma Priya, for home safety, a wireless LPG leak monitoring system design is suggested. This
system detects LPG leaks, notifies the consumer by SMS of the leak, and, in the event of an emergency,
simultaneously turns off the power supply and sounds the alarm. The system also automatically reserves the
cylinder using the GSM module and continuously monitors the amount of LPG in the cylinder using a load
sensor. If the gas level falls below the gas threshold, which is around 2 kg, the user can quickly replace the
old cylinder with a new one. The tool guarantees safety and guards against explosions and asphyxia brought
on by gas leaks. The device is designed for use in households that use liquefied petroleum gas or natural
gas; however, it can be used in industry and other applications involving gas cylinders.

[13] Nehal Gholse, Gas stoves are one of the most important assets in the kitchen. All cooking is done
using this device. Through our project, we try to focus attention on areas that can cause danger in the
kitchen. Through our project, we consider some important factors to help the user avoid these harmful
situations. We have observed that most accidents in the kitchen occur due to the less careful behavior of the
user. Our project focuses on the idea of providing safety to the user to prevent accidents caused by flame,

6
gas leakage or flame spillage. The project is an application of a built-in real-time system for turning off the
knob of a gas stove.

[14] R. Naresh Naik, Technology is evolving at a quick pace, which has an impact on human life in many
ways. Despite this, we still need to adapt modern technology in order to improve the quality of human life.
Due to insufficient LPG output, it is not possible to supply every family in our nation with LPG through
pipes. We currently have an advance booking system for LPG cylinders through IVRS or online, which
makes it extremely difficult for persons who are illiterate or extremely busy to purchase LPG cylinders.
Another significant issue for LPG cylinder users is "Not knowing precisely the state of LPG gas
completion," which adds to already lengthy booking delays that are typically bothersome. We currently
have an IVRS system where customers must follow a number of stages in accordance with an automated
voice, including choosing selections. Owing to this, the majority of illiterate individuals are unable to even
finish the booking. In addition, most of these landlines are either busy due to a high volume of calls or the
phones are down due to technical difficulties. This study suggests a solution that completely automates and
eliminates human involvement in the LPG cylinder reservation process. The authorised LPG agent is
immediately notified by this system to deliver the LPG cylinder on time when the weight of the cylinder
falls below a predetermined minimum. Along with the automatic cylinder reservation, we also created a
user safety feature that continuously checks LPG gas leakage and notifies the user when a leak is detected
in order to prevent significant mishaps that mostly result in human fatalities.

[15] [Link] al, the concept of a wireless LPG leak monitoring system is suggested for home security.
In an emergency, the system opens the exhaust fan and checks for leaks. The system identifies an LPG leak
and notifies the client of the leak. Another aspect of the approach is how the overall weight expresses the
limited use. To notify gas leaks via SMS, the suggested system makes use of a GSM module. When the
system notices a rise in LPG concentration, it promptly alerts you to sound an alarm and sends a message to
predetermined cell phones. To stop additional leaking, the exhaust fan is activated, and the LPG safety
solenoid valve located on the cylinder receives a trip signal. The mechanism guarantees security and guards
against drowning and explosions brought on by gas leaks.

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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1System Requirements:

● Arduino Nano
● I R sensor
● Servo SG90 motor
● Mq3 gas sensor
● LCD 16X2 display
● Keypad
● Regulated power supply

3.1.1Arduino Nano:

Arduino Nano Front Arduino Nano Rear

A compact, comprehensive, and user-friendly board, Arduino Nano is based on either the ATmega328
(Arduino Nano 3.0) or the ATmega168 (Arduino Nano 2.x). It comes in a different packaging but has
almost the same capabilities as the Arduino Due milanove. It only uses a Mini-B USB cable rather than the
conventional one and is missing a DC power connector. Gravitech developed the Nano and produces it.

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Schematic and Design:

Eagle files for the ArduinoNano3.0 (ATmega328) schematic.

Eagle files and the Arduino Nano 2.3 (ATmega168) documentation. Note: This Nano version is shared here
unrooted so that users can open and use it in the free version of Eagle since the free version of Eagle cannot
handle more than 2 levels.

Power:
The Mini-B USB port, a 6-20V unregulated external power supply (pin 30), or a 5V regulated external
power supply are all options for powering the Arduino Nano (pin27). The greatest voltage source is
automatically chosen as the power supply.

Technical specification:

Microcontroller: Microchip
ATmega328POperatingvoltage: 5volts
Input voltage: 6 to 20volts
pins for digital I/O: 14
PWM outputs pins for Analog inputs: 8
per I/O pin DC: 40m
ADC for 3.3 Vpin: 50mA
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 Flash storage: 32KB, wherein 0.5 KB is SRAM utilised by the boot loader:2 KB
1 KB of EEPROM
Clock speed is 16
MHzLength: 45mm
Width: 18mm
Mass: 7g
Mini-USB Type-B with an ICSP Header enabled
DC Power No, Jack

Communication:
A computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers can all be communicated with using the Arduino
Nano's many communication features. On digital pins 0 (RX) and 1, the ATmega328 supports UARTTTL
(5V) serial connection (TX). This serial communication is carried out by the FTDI FT232RL on the board
via USB, and the FTDI drivers (included in the Arduino software) offer a virtual port for the computer's
software. Simple text data can be delivered to and received from the Arduino board using the serial monitor
found in the Arduino software. When data is being sent via the FTDI chip and the USB connection to the
computer, the RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1).
Any Nano digital pin can support serial communication thanks to the software serial library. Also supported
by the ATmega328 are I2C and SPI connectivity. The Wire library is built into the Arduino software to
make it easier to use the I2C bus.

Reset automatically (software):

Before uploading, the reset button on the Arduino Nano doesn't need to be physically pressed; instead,
software running on a linked computer can be used to reset the board. A 100 nano farad capacitor is used to
connect one of the hardware flow control (DTR) lines of the FT232RL to the ATmega328's reset line. The
reset line goes low for long enough when this line is asserted (taken low) to reset the chip.
Other effects flow from this environment. Every time you connect to the Nano using software when it is
attached to a Mac OS X or Linux computer, the Nano resets (via USB). The boot loader is active on the
Nano for the ensuing half a second or more. The initial few bytes of data transmitted to the board once the
connection is established will be caught, despite the fact that it is configured to disregard invalid data (i.e.,
anything other than uploading new code).

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3.1.2 I R Sensor:

An IR sensor is a piece of technology that emits light to find nearby objects. Both movement and
object heat can be measured by the IR sensor. Typically, all items emit some kind of thermal
radiation in the infrared range. Our eyes cannot see this type of radiation, but an infrared sensor can
pick it up.

An IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) serves as the emitter, and an IR photodiode serves as the
detector. IR light with the same wavelength as the IR LED can be detected by the photodiode. The
output voltage and resistances alter in relation to the infrared light received as it strikes the
photodiode.

An infrared source, a transmission medium, an optical component, infrared detectors or receivers,

and signal processing are the five fundamental components of a conventional infrared detection
system. Infrared sources include infrared lasers and LEDs with a certain wavelength.

Principle of operation of the IR sensor:

Infrared transmitters come in a variety of designs based on the wavelengths, output power, and
response time they have. An IR LED and an IR photodiode make up the IR sensor, which is also
known as an optocoupler or photo coupler.

IR LED or IR emitter:

An IR LED, also known as an infrared emitter, is a light-emitting diode (LED) that emits infrared
radiation. Despite having the same appearance as a standard LED, an IR LED produces radiation
that is invisible to the human eye.

Below is a picture of an infrared LED.

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Photodiode or IR Receiver:

Infrared radiation from an IR transmitter is picked up by infrared receivers or infrared sensors.

Photodiodes and phototransistors are used as IR receivers. Because they can only detect infrared
radiation, infrared photodiodes are different from ordinary photodiodes. The image of an IR
receiver or photodiode can be seen in the figure below.

IR receivers come in various varieties depending on factors including packaging, voltage, and
wavelength. The wavelength of the receiver should match the wavelength of the transmitter when
utilised with an infrared transmitter-receiver pair.

An IR LED serves as the emitter, while an IR photodiode serves as the detector. The IR light that
the IR LED emits can be detected by the IR photodiode. As IR radiation is received, it changes both
the photodiode's resistance and the output voltage proportionately. This is how an IR sensor works
on a fundamental level.

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When an IR emitter sends out radiation, some of it is reflected back to the IR receiver after reaching
an object. The output of the sensor is determined by the IR receiver's reception intensity.

3.1.3 Servo SG90 motor:

Fig.: Servo SG90 motor

High output power in a small, lightweight package. The servo is smaller than typical versions yet
can rotate roughly 180 degrees (90 in each direction). These servos can be controlled by any servo
code, hardware, or library. Good for beginners who don't want to build a feedback motor
controller and gearbox, especially because it fits in compact places. Hardware and three horns
(arms) are included.

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Features of Tower Pro SG-90:

• Voltage output is typically +5V

• Torque is 2.5 kg per cm

• The speed of operation is 0.1s/60°

• Gear type is Plastic

• Rotation is 0°-180°

• Engine weight is 9g

• The kit include screws and horns

Selection of The servo motor:

There are numerous servo motors on the market, and each one has a unique purpose and use. You
can choose the appropriate servo motor type for your project/system using the information in the
following two paragraphs.

The majority of hobby servo motors operate between 4.8 and 6.5 volts, the greater voltage and
torque we can produce, however they are often operated at +5 volts. Due to the gear arrangement,
almost all hobby servo motors can only rotate from 0° to 180°. If your project can't handle a half
circle, you may want to use a 0° to 360° motor or modify the existing motor to make a full circle.
If your application calls for stronger, longer-lasting motors, you can utilise metal gears or go with
a standard plastic gear because gears in motors wear out rapidly.

The engine's operating torque is the following and most crucial parameter. The 2.5kg/cm torque
that comes with the Tower motor for the SG90 is a frequent option despite the fact that there are
many other options. Because of its 2.5 kg/cm torque, a 2.5 kg weight suspended 1 centimetre
away can be tightened by the motor. Therefore, the motor can pull a load of 5 kg if it is suspended
at 0.5 cm, but only 1.25 kg if it is suspended at 2 cm. You can select the motor with the

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appropriate torque based on the load you'll be applying in the project. The picture below will
show you how.

Utilizing a Servo Motor:

The next concern is how to use the servo motor once you've determined which one is best for
your project. As far as we are aware, this motor has three wires going from it. On this page's
header, a description of it is provided. The red, brown, and orange wires must be used to feed the
motor with +5V and PWM signals, respectively, in order for it to turn. In order to make this motor
operate, we therefore need a device that can produce PWM signals. This device may be
something like a 555 timer or another microcontroller platform like Arduino, PIC, ARM, or even
a CPU like Raspberry Pi. How do we now regulate motor direction? Let's look at the data sheet's
figure to better grasp this.

The resulting PWM signal should have a frequency of 50Hz, which means the PWM period
should be 20ms, according to the figure. The turn-on time for this might range from 1 to 2
milliseconds. Therefore, the motor will be at 0° when the on time is 1 ms, 90° when it is 1.5 ms,
and 180° when it is 2 ms. Therefore, the motor may be controlled from 0° to 180° by varying the
switch-on time from 1ms to 2ms.

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Applications:

• Commonly used for control systems in RC toys

• Robots where feedback-free position control is necessary

• Used in robots with more degrees of freedom, such as humanoid robots, due to their lighter
weight.

• Used as actuators in many robots, such as biped robot, hexapod, robotic arm, etc.

SG90 Servo Motor Dimensions

3.1.4 Mq3 Gas Sensor:

The MQ3 alcohol gas sensor was used to create this module. It is a low-cost semiconductor sensor
that can find alcohol gases in concentrations ranging from 0.05 mg/l to 10 mg/l. SnO2, a
substance whose conductivity is lower in clean air, is the sensitive component used in this sensor.
As the concentration of alcohol gases increases, its conductivity rises. It is extremely sensitive to
alcohol and can withstand breakdowns brought on by smoke, fumes, and gasoline well. This

16
module offers analogue and digital outputs. It is simple to connect the MQ3 alcohol sensor
module to microcontrollers, Arduino, Raspberry Pi boards, and other devices.

Similar to a standard breathalyzer, this alcohol sensor is capable of measuring the amount of
alcohol in your breath. It responds quickly and with high sensitivity. Based on alcohol
concentration, the sensor outputs an analogue resistance. All that is required for the drive circuit is
a single resistor. A straightforward interface might be 0-3.3VADC.

Schematic Diagram of Board:

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Features:
 5Voperation
 Efficient to use
 LEDs for power and output
 Adjustable output sensitivity
 0V to 5V analogue output
 0V or 5V digital output
 Low Price
 Fast Reaction
 Stable and Long-Lasting
 The ability to detect alcohol gas well
 Analog and Digital Outputs
 Indicator for On-Board LED

Technical Data
 Concentration is 0.05 mg per L~ 10mg per L Alcohol
 Operating Voltage is5V±0.1
 Current Consumption is 150mA
 Operation Temperature is 10°C to 70°C

Out Pin
 Input Power Supply with VCC
 Supply Ground (GND)
 Digital Output (DO)
 Analog Output (AO)

Applications:
 Alcohol Detector for Vehicles
 Alcohol Detector, Portable

3.1.5 LCD 16X 2 Displays:

A LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is a type of electronic display module that has several uses. A
relatively basic module that is frequently used in many different devices and circuits is the 16x2 LCD
display. Compared to seven-segment and other multi-segment LEDs, these modules are preferable.
The benefits of LCDs include their affordability, ease of programming, lack of constraints on special
and even customised characters (in contrast to seven segments), animations, and other features.

With a 16x2 LCD, there are 2 lines that can each display 16 characters. Each character is shown on
this LCD in a 5x7 pixel matrix. The Command and Data registers are two of the LCD's registers.

18
The commands input on the LCD are stored in the command register. To perform a preset operation,
such as initialising, clearing the screen, establishing the cursor location, controlling the display, etc.,
a command must be supplied to the LCD. The data that will be displayed on the LCD is kept in the
data register. The ASCII character value to be shown on the LCD is called data. Click to find out
more about the LCD's internal design.

Diagram for the 16-pin LCD:

● The GND pin of the display is designated as Pin1 (Ground/Source Pin), and it is used to link the
GND terminal of the microcontroller or the power supply.

● Pin2 (VCC/Supply Pin): This is the pin used to connect the power pin of the power source to the
display's power pin.

● Pin3 (V0/VEE/Control Pin): This pin controls the display's difference and is used to connect an
interchangeable POT that can deliver 0 to 5V.

● Pin 4 (Register Select/Control Pin) switches between the command and data registers, which are
connected to the microcontroller unit pin and receive a value of 0 or 1 (where 0 is the data mode and
1 the command mode).

● The microcontroller unit pin linked to Pin 5 (Read/Write/Control pin) receives a value of 0 or 1
depending on whether the display is being read or written to. (0 represents a write operation and 1
represents a read operation).

● Pin 6 (Enable/Control Pin): This pin is connected to the microcontroller unit and is always held
high. It is used to perform read/write operations.

● Data pins 7 through 14: Information is sent to the display via these pins. Two-wire configurations,
such as the 4-wire and 8-wire modes, are used to connect these pins. Only four pins, such as 0
through 3, are connected to the microcontroller unit in 4-wire mode, while eight pins are connected in
8-wire mode.

● From 0 to 7.

● Pin15 is connected to +5V and is the positive LED pin.

● Pin 16 (-ve LED pin): GND is attached to this pin.

Features:
● This LCD's working voltage ranges from 4.7V to 5.3V.
● consists of two lines, each of which has a character limit of 16 characters.
● Without a backlight, current consumption is 1 mA.

● 5 by 8 pixel boxes can be used to create each character.

● On the LCD, there are alphanumeric letters and numbers.

19
● There are two operating modes for the display: 4-bit and 8-bit.
● available with a backlight in blue and green
● shows a number of specially created characters.

Pin Specification:

Pin No. Function of pin Name of pin

1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 5V supply voltage (range: 4.7 to 5.3V) Vcc
3 Adjusting the contrast using a variable resistor VEE
4 When the command register is low, and when the data register is high. Register Select

5 Low for register writing; High for register reading Read/write

6 When a high to low pulse is given, it sends data to the data pins. Enable
7 DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 DB3
pins for 8-bit data
11 DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7
15 VCC backlight (5V) Led+
16 Reverse Ground (0V) Led-

Schematic:

20
3.1.6 Keypad:

The input device consisting of a set of keys that are usually numeric and arranged in a grid, as on a
mobile phone or calculator.

Pin Specification:

Rows:

● 1-PIN1 is taken out of ROW 1.

● 2-PIN2 is taken out of ROW 2.
● 3-PIN3 is taken out of ROW 3.
● 4-PIN4 is taken out of ROW 4.

Column:

● Column 1 is altered to delete 5-PIN5.

● Removed from Column 2 is 6-PIN6
● Removed from Column 3 is 7-PIN7.
● Removed from Column 4 is 8-PIN8

Specifications and Features:

● 24V is the maximum voltage on each segment or button.

● Maximum current of 30 mA via Every segment or button.

● 0°C to +50°C is the maximum operating temperature.

● ultra-thin style

● Sticky backing

● Simple interface

● prolonged useful life

21
3.1.7 Regulated power source:

Schematic:

The following are the fundamental components of a regulated DC power supply:

1. Downshift Transformer
[Link]
[Link] filters
4. Regulation

Controlled power supply operation are given below,

22
Downshift Transformer:

The voltage from the alternating current is reduced by a step-down transformer to the appropriate
voltage level. To achieve the appropriate voltage value, the transformer turns ratio is modified. The
input to the rectifier circuit is the transformer's output.

Rectifier:

A rectifier is a diode-based electrical circuit that carries out the rectification operation. The process of
changing an alternating voltage or current into a corresponding direct current (DC) quantity is known
as rectification. The rectifier receives alternating current as input and produces unidirectional pulsing
direct current as output. The AC supply's two half-cycles are typically rectified using a full-wave
rectifier, also known as a bridge rectifier (full-wave rectification). The full-wave bridge rectifier is
depicted in the figure below.

Four p-n junction diodes linked in the way mentioned above make up the bridge rectifier. The voltage
induced across the secondary of the electrical transformer, or VMN, is positive during the positive
half cycle of the supply. Point E therefore has a favourable impact on point F. As a result,while
diodes D1 and D4 are forward biassed, diodes D3 and D2 are reverse biassed. Diodes D1 and D4 will
operate as closed switches and begin conducting, while diodes D3 and D2 will act as open switches
(there will practically be some voltage drop). As a result, the rectifier's output produces the rectified
waveform depicted in the first image. D3 and D2 are forward biassed while the other two are reverse
biassed, and a positive voltage occurs at the filter's input when the voltage induced in the secondary,
or VMN, is negative.

DC Filtration:

The rectified voltage produced by the rectifier has a high level of ripple and pulses often. But that's
not what we want; what we want is a pure, ripple-free direct current. Therefore, a filter is used.
Filters of many kinds, including capacitor filters, LC filters, choke input filters, and -type filters, are

23
employed. The rectifier's output waveform and a capacitor filter linked across it are shown in the
figure below.

The capacitor charges as the instantaneous voltage rises, and it continues to charge until the
waveform peaks. The capacitor begins to discharge exponentially and slowly throughout the load as
the instantaneous value starts to fall (in this case, the regulator input). This produces a DC value that
is nearly constant and has very little ripple.

Regulation:

The regulated DC power supply's final block is this one. When the input from the AC supply varies,
the load current at the output of the regulated power supply changes, or due to other factors like
temperature changes, the output voltage or current will alter or fluctuate. A regulator can be used to
solve this issue. Even if the input or other changes, the regulator will maintain a steady output. A
transistor series regulator, constant and variable IC regulators, or a zener diode operating in the zener
region can all be employed, depending on the applications. In order to get fixed voltage levels at the
output, ICs like the 78XX and 79XX are used. We may modify the output voltage to a desired
constant value using ICs like the LM 317 and 723, etc.

Uses for regulated power supplies:

An important component of electrical, electronic, and automation systems are regulated power
supply. A regulated power supply requires an oscillator, an amplifier, and a mobile phone charger.

24
3.2 Interfacing of the Components:

Fig1: Conceptual system

The system interface is connected through Arduino Nano which is connected to various parts MQ3
sensor, buzzer, load cell and IR sensor and the lcd display for the timer values and for displaying
initializing setup this whole setup is connected to IOT through which it is connected to mobile user.

25
3:3 Flowcharts:

The system is installed inside a stove connected to the inside of a power source or battery. An LCD
display with a keypad will be placed on the outside stove to view and use the stove. The system was
first programmed for proper operation and retained those in Arduino Nano. The main function of the
system is to detect gas leaks and close the stove knob. With the keypad we can set the timer to turn
off the knob of gas stove after the pre-set time is done. The whole system is connected to IOT and
where we can connect the system to Smartphone and control the system through terminal. Whenever
the gas leaks when the stove is ON the system notifies the user by sending a notification and the
buzzer installed in the stove will ring to notify the leak and the stove button will be turned off. The IR
sensor will detect a person near the stove circuit. If the stove is ON and no one is found near the
stove cycle, the system will terminally alert the user that if the stove is ON or OFF and can control
the button with the Smartphone then the OFF button of the gas stove.

26
3.4 Programming:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

#include "Countimer.h"

Countimertdown;

LiquidCrystallcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);

#include <EEPROM.h>

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

#define DEBUG true

SoftwareSerialesp8266(10, 11); // RX, TX --ESP8266 TX to pin8(RX) - crosspaired

//=============

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo;

int pos = 0;

constintirPin = A5; // the number of the pushbutton pin

intirState = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status

const int mq3Pin = 8; // the number of the pushbutton pin

int mq3State = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status

//==================

#define bt_set A1

#define bt_up A2

#define bt_down A3

#define bt_start A4

//#define bt_thermostat 13

inttime_s = 0;

inttime_m = 0;

inttime_h = 0;

int set = 0;

int flag1 = 0, flag2 = 0;

int relay = 12;

int count = 0;

long previousMillis = 0;

unsigned long sec = 0;

unsigned long mts = 0;

27
unsigned long hrs = 0;

void setup() {

pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

pinMode(irPin, INPUT);

pinMode(mq3Pin, INPUT);

[Link](9);

[Link](90);

[Link] (9600);

[Link](9600);

pinMode(bt_set, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(bt_up, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(bt_down, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(bt_start, INPUT_PULLUP);

// pinMode(bt_thermostat, INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(relay, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(relay, HIGH);

digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); //off

[Link](16, 2);

[Link]();

[Link](0, 0);

[Link](" SMART ");

[Link](0, 1);

[Link](" STOVE ");

//initializing WiFi=============================

sendData("AT+RST\r\n", 2000, DEBUG); // Reset module

delay(3000);

sendData("AT+CWMODE=2\r\n", 1000, DEBUG); // Configure as access point

delay(1000);

sendData("AT+CIPMODE=0\r\n", 1000, DEBUG); // Configure as access point

delay(1000);

sendData("AT+CIPMUX=1\r\n", 1000, DEBUG); // Configure for multiple connections

delay(1000);

sendData("AT+CIFSR\r\n", 1000, DEBUG); // Get ip address

delay(1000);

sendData("AT+CIPSERVER=1,81\r\n", 1000, DEBUG); // Turn ON server on port 81

delay(2000);

//================================================

28
[Link](print_time, 999);

eeprom_read();

[Link]();

[Link](" Initializing ");

[Link](0, 1);

[Link](" Over");

delay(1000);

[Link]();

[Link]("System Ready");

delay(2000);

[Link]();

voidprint_time() {

time_s = time_s - 1;

if (time_s< 0) {

time_s = 59;

time_m = time_m - 1;

if (time_m< 0) {

time_m = 59;

time_h = time_h - 1;

voidtdownComplete() {

[Link]("ok");

//[Link]();

void loop() {

label0:

[Link]();

// [Link](" 111 INCINERATOR ");

if (digitalRead (bt_set) == 0) {

if (flag1 == 0 && flag2 == 0) {

flag1 = 1;

set = set + 1;

if (set > 3) {

set = 0;

29
 }

delay(100);

} else {

flag1 = 0;

if (digitalRead (bt_up) == 0) {

if (set == 0) {

[Link]();

flag2 = 1;

if (set == 1) {

time_s++;

if (set == 2) {

time_m++;

if (set == 3) {

time_h++;

if (time_s> 59) {

time_s = 0;

if (time_m> 59) {

time_m = 0;

if (time_h> 99) {

time_h = 0;

if (set > 0) {

eeprom_write();

delay(200);

if (digitalRead (bt_down) == 0) {

if (set == 0) {

[Link]();

30
 flag2 = 0;

if (set == 1) {

time_s--;

if (set == 2) {

time_m--;

if (set == 3) {

time_h--;

if (time_s< 0) {

time_s = 59;

if (time_m< 0) {

time_m = 59;

if (time_h< 0) {

time_h = 99;

if (set > 0) {

eeprom_write();

delay(200);

if (digitalRead (bt_start) == LOW)

if (count == 0)

[Link]();

flag2 = 1;

eeprom_read();

[Link]();

[Link]();

count = 1;

//====

31
 // for (pos = 90; pos <= 0; pos -= 1)

// { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees

// in steps of 1 degree

[Link](0); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

// delay(50); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

// }

//=======

if (flag2 == 1 && count == 1)

irState = digitalRead(irPin);

mq3State = digitalRead(mq3Pin);

if (irState == HIGH)

[Link]();

[Link]("Gas-ON: User");

[Link](0, 1);

[Link]("Not Available");

sendData("AT+CIPSEND=0,26\r\n", 1000, DEBUG);

delay(100);

sendData("Gas ON: User Not Available", 1000, DEBUG); //Send to Wi-Fi---

if (mq3State == LOW)

digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);

[Link]();

[Link]("Gas Leakage ");

[Link](0, 1);

[Link]("Detected>>OFF");

// digitalWrite(relay, LOW);

[Link](90); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

sendData("AT+CIPSEND=0,31\r\n", 1000, DEBUG);

delay(100);

sendData("Gas Leakage Detected. Stove-OFF", 1000, DEBUG); //Send to Wi-Fi---

delay(500);

flag2 = 0;

32
[Link]();

count = 0;

delay(5000);

digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);

goto label0;

//====================================

//==============Wi-Fi receiving relay controls----------------------------

while ([Link]()) //check if any data received in RX(Pin 8) pin from ESP8266-----

delay(100);

if ([Link]("$")) //search for a symbol $

delay(100);

char c = [Link](); //read the character present next to $ symbol and save it in variable c

delay(100);

if (c == '1') //check if character recieved is equal to 1

//====

// for (pos = 0; pos <= 90; pos += 1)

// { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees

// in steps of 1 degree

[Link](0); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

// delay(50); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

// }

//=======

[Link]();

[Link]("Stove-ON");

delay(100);

sendData("AT+CIPSEND=0,8\r\n", 1000, DEBUG);

delay(100);

sendData("Stove-ON", 1000, DEBUG); //Send to Wi-Fi---

delay(500);

c = 0; //clear c value

goto label0;

if (c == '2') //check if character recieved is equal to 2

33
 {

// for (pos = 90; pos >= 0; pos -= 1)

// { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees

[Link](90); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

// delay(50); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

// }

[Link]();

[Link]("Stove-OFF");

delay(100);

sendData("AT+CIPSEND=0,9\r\n", 1000, DEBUG);

delay(100);

sendData("Stove-OFF", 1000, DEBUG); //Send to Wi-Fi---

delay(500);

c = 0; //clear c value

goto label0

//=====================================

//[Link]();

[Link](0, 0);

if (set == 0) {

[Link]("Timer: ");

// [Link](" Press Start ");

if (set == 1) {

[Link](" Set Timer SS ");

if (set == 2) {

[Link](" Set Timer MM ");

if (set == 3) {

[Link](" Set Timer HH ");

[Link](0, 1);

if (time_h<= 9) {

[Link]("0");

[Link](time_h);

34
[Link](":");

if (time_m<= 9) {

[Link]("0");

[Link](time_m);

[Link](":");

if (time_s<= 9) {

[Link]("0");

[Link](time_s);

[Link](" ");

//===================

checkwifi:

//==============Wi-Fi receiving relay controls----------------------------

while ([Link]()) //check if any data received in RX(Pin 8) pin from ESP8266-----

delay(100);

if ([Link]("$")) //search for a symbol $

delay(100);

char c = [Link](); //read the character present next to $ symbol and save it in variable c

delay(100);

if (c == '1') //check if character recieved is equal to 1

//====

// for (pos = 0; pos <= 90; pos += 1)

// { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees

// in steps of 1 degree

[Link](0); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

// delay(50); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

// }

//=======

[Link]();

[Link]("Stove-ON");

delay(100);

sendData("AT+CIPSEND=0,8\r\n", 1000, DEBUG);

delay(100);

35
sendData("Stove-ON", 1000, DEBUG); //Send to Wi-Fi---

delay(500);

c = 0; //clear c value

goto label0;

if (c == '2') //check if character recieved is equal to 2

// for (pos = 90; pos >= 0; pos -= 1)

// { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees

[Link](90); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

// delay(50); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

// }

[Link]();

[Link]("Stove-OFF");

delay(100);

sendData("AT+CIPSEND=0,9\r\n", 1000, DEBUG);

delay(100);

sendData("Stove-OFF", 1000, DEBUG); //Send to Wi-Fi---

delay(500);

c = 0; //clear c value

goto label0;

//================================

if (time_s == 0 &&time_m == 0 &&time_h == 0 && flag2 == 1) {

flag2 = 0;

[Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Process Complete");

count = 0;

// digitalWrite(relay, LOW);

delay(1000);

// for (pos = 0; pos >= 90; pos += 1)

// { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees

[Link](90); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

// delay(50); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

36
 // }

[Link]();

[Link]("Process Complete");

delay(5000);

goto label0;

coolinglabel:

//=============

unsigned long currentMillis = millis();

if (currentMillis - previousMillis> 1000) {

previousMillis = currentMillis;

sec += 1;

// [Link]();

[Link](0, 1);

[Link]("Cooling:");

[Link](10, 1);

[Link](":");

[Link](11, 1);

[Link](sec);

//[Link](8, 1);

//[Link]("Mnt:");

if (sec >= 59) {

sec = 0;

mts += 1;

[Link](8, 1);

[Link](mts);

if (mts == 15)

// digitalWrite(subrelay, LOW);

delay(1);

if (mts == 45)

sec = 0;

mts = 0;

eeprom_read();

37
gotoskipcooling;

gotocoolinglabel;

//=============

skipcooling:

/*

if (digitalRead (bt_thermostat) == 0)

label3:

[Link]();

[Link]("Heat Present!!!!");

[Link](0, 1);

[Link]("Please wait....");

// digitalWrite(greenlight, LOW);

delay(100);

if (digitalRead (bt_thermostat) == 1)

// digitalWrite(greenlight, HIGH);

goto skip0;

goto label3;

*/

skip0:

// digitalWrite(greenlight, HIGH);

[Link]();

if (flag2 == 1) {

// digitalWrite(greenlight, LOW);

// delay(500);

// digitalWrite(relay, HIGH);

delay(1000);

// digitalWrite(subrelay, HIGH);

else {

// digitalWrite(relay, LOW);

38
delay(1);

voideeprom_write() {

[Link](1, time_s);

[Link](2, time_m);

[Link](3, time_h);

voideeprom_read() {

time_s= [Link](1);

time_m= [Link](2);

time_h= [Link](3);

//send data function====================================

String sendData(String command, constint timeout, boolean debug)

String response = "";

[Link](command); // Send the read character to the esp8266

longint time = millis();

while ( (time + timeout) >millis())

while ([Link]())

// The esp has data so display its output to the serial window

char c = [Link](); // Read the next character.

response += c;

[Link](response);

return response;

//===================================================

39
Chapter 4
EXPERIMENTATION

The system is placed inside the stove connected internally to a power supply or a battery. The LCD
display with the keypad will be placed on the stove externally to view and operate the stove. The
system is initially programmed with the respective function and saved those in the Arduino Nano.
The main function of the system is to detect switch off the knob to prevent gas leaks of the stove.
Through the keypad we can set the timer so that the knob of the stove will turn off after the set time
is finished. The whole system is connected to IOT and through which we can connect the system to
the Smartphone and control the system through the terminal. Whenever there is a leakage of gas
when the stove is ON the system notifies the user by sending the notification and the buzzer placed in
the stove will buzzer to notify the leakage and the knob of the stove will be turned OFF. The IR
sensor will detect the person near the perimeter of the stove. If the stove is turned ON and there is no
person detected near the perimeter of the stove, the system will notify the user through the terminal
that should the stove is ON or OFF and we can control the knob through the Smartphone and turn
OFF the knob of the gas stove.

40
Components:

It is a knob of the gas stove which can turn the gas on or off, which is connected to servo motor. The
knob of this gas stove is connected to the system of Arduino Nano where the knob of the gas stove
turns on or off automatically through the help of the program which is save in the chip of the Arduino
Nano

It is the keypad of numeric value which will be placed external to the gas stove in which each key has
its own function. Through the keys of the keypad we can on the knob of the gas stove and we can set
the timer to the stove by increment or decrement the time.

It is the LCD display for displaying the values for timer and initializing setup. In the display it shows
when the system is ready and it displays any kind of messages like, when there is a gas leak, it

41
manifests as gas leakage is detected. If there is no one near the proximity of the gas stove it displays
as no person detected. If the stove is on it shows stove is on or else it shows stove is off.

Arduino Nano is a main component of the system which is responsible for all the control of working
of the system. The program of all the components is saved in the chip which is in the Arduino Nano
through which whenever a command is given the components receives the command through the
program. The Arduino Nano controls all the components of the system. If there are any changes to be
done we can program accordingly and save it in the Arduino Nano for further processing.

It is IR sensor with senses the presence of the person around the proximity of the gas stove, ESP8266
is a wifi module where we can connect the system from the smart phone to the Arduino Nano which
is brain of the system.

It is a Buzzer which is placed in the system which is connected to Arduino Nano which alerts the user
by buzzing when there is an emergency of gas leakage in the kitchen or in the stove.

42
Chapter 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

5.1 Advantages and Disadvantages

There are various advantages and limitations of using smart and safety system for gas stove. They are
discussed below.

Advantages:

1. The smart and safety device for gas stove is a internal connection device which is light weight and
smaller in size.
2. The installation of device is very easy and flexible.
3. The device is cost affordable and user friendly.
4. The device can be easily recharged.
3. IOT ensures that consumer can check whether stove is on\off and can set the present time
irrespective of their presence in kitchen.
5. The device is flexible and can be attached to any existing gas stove.

Limitations:

1. Since it’s based on IOT, internet should be regularly supplied.

2. Some kitchen are very compatible and it is difficult to place the device.
3. The electronic components used are more .so consumer should maintain it properly.
4. Equipments will be always being exposed to heat, so heat resistance body should be used for
circuits, which may increase cost.
5. In some cases working of ultrasonic sensors depends upon the placement of the gas stove.

5.2 Safety Measures:

1. DC power is employed to provide more safety.

2. The device is externally connected to the knob of the gas stove and there is no connection attached
to the internal system of the gas stove.

3. The device comes with a thermal insulating cover to reduce the effect of heat caused by the flames
in the gas stove.

4. We are planning to make the device water resistant so that the device can be cleaned easily and to
prevent the damage due to water droplet.

43
5.3 Future Scope and Development:
1. The awareness about using gas for cooking is spreading rapidly in India. The government itself
launched Pradhan Mantri Ujjwal yojana to provide gas cylinder to the ruler community. This makes
our device scope in rural community also.

2. The team is working to add another feature which turn off the gas supply based on the number of
whistles blown by cooker using a sound sensor. The user can preset the number of whistles.

3. The cost of the device can be further reduced by using pcb boards and integrating the sensor
control boards in a single board.

4. The IOT system can be further developed so that it can monitor the amount of LPG in the gas
cylinder.

5. The battery capacity of the device can be upgraded by using li-ion batteries.

44
Chapter 6
CONCLUSION

The use of LPG has expanded significantly in our current environment. As a result, the harm brought
on by gas leaks is getting worse every day. We are proposing a smart and safety gadget for gas stoves
in order to solve these issues; it has a wide range of uses in modern society and opens up a big future.
Due to the fact that our suggested system detects gas leaks and regulates the gas needed for cooking,
it is efficient and environmentally friendly and was primarily created for the safety of people and
property. The device is flexible and consumer can set the pre-set time after which gas supply cuts off.
Our device helps to protect us and our loved ones from the devastating effects of house fires. We
never have to worry about leaving stove on again.

45