Nasab and Inheritance in Islam
Student Name: [Your Name]
Registration No: [Your Registration No]
Course: Islamiyat
Date: [Date]
1. Introduction
Nasab (lineage) and Mirath (inheritance) are essential concepts in Islam. Nasab determines
family relationships and legal rights, while inheritance laws ensure that wealth is
distributed fairly among heirs. These rules are designed to prevent conflicts and maintain
justice within families.
2. Understanding Nasab (Lineage)
Nasab refers to a person’s ancestry and family lineage. It establishes legal and social
relationships and plays a key role in determining inheritance rights.
2.1 Quranic References
1. Arabic: َوَأْوُصوا َأْواَل َدُكْم ِبالَّصاَل ِة
Translation: “Enjoin prayer upon your children…” (Quran 2:238)
2. Arabic: َيا َأُّيَها اَّلِذيَن آَمُنوا اَّتُقوا الَّلَه َوُقوُلوا َقْواًل َس ِديًدا
Translation: “O you who believe! Fear Allah and speak words that are straight.” (Quran
33:70)
2.2 Hadith References
- The Prophet Muhammad ( )ﷺsaid: “No child has a right to inherit except through their
parents’ lineage.” (Sahih Muslim)
- He also said: “The most beloved of people to me on the Day of Judgment will be those who
maintain ties of kinship.” (Sahih Bukhari)
3. Mirath (Islamic Inheritance)
Mirath is the distribution of a deceased person’s wealth according to Islamic law.
3.1 Importance
It ensures fairness, protects family members’ rights, and prevents disputes.
3.2 Quranic References
1. Arabic: ُيوِصيُكُم الَّلُه ِفي َأْواَل ِدُكْم ِللَّذَكِر ِمْثُل َح ِّظ اُأْلنَثَيْيِن
Translation: “Allah instructs you concerning your children: the male shall have the equal of
the portion of two females…” (Quran 4:11)
2. Arabic: َوَأْنِفُقوا َعَلٰى َأْواَل ِدُكْم
Translation: “And spend on your children…” (Quran 2:233)
3.3 Hadith Reference
Prophet Muhammad ( )ﷺsaid: “Give everyone their due rights and do not withhold
anything from anyone entitled to it.” (Sunan Abu Dawood)
4. Heirs and Their Shares
The primary heirs include the husband, wife, children, and parents. The Quran specifies
their shares:
5. Examples of Calculations
Gold: 1 kg, heirs: 1 son, 1 daughter → Son: 2/3, Daughter: 1/3
Silver: 500 grams, heirs: Wife and 1 son → Wife: 1/8, Son: 7/8
Property: 1,000,000 PKR, heirs: Husband, Mother, Daughter → Husband: 1/2, Mother: 1/6,
Daughter: remainder
6. Special Cases
- Absence of children
- Multiple wives
- Inclusion of grandchildren
- Stepchildren and non-Muslims considered according to fiqh rules
7. Importance of Islamic Inheritance Law
- Prevents family disputes
- Guarantees rightful financial shares
- Upholds social justice
- Ensures alignment with divine guidance
8. Conclusion
Nasab and inheritance laws provide a fair system for wealth distribution and maintain
family harmony. Following Quran and Hadith ensures justice, clarity, and peace in society.
9. References
1. The Holy Quran, Surah An-Nisa (4:11–12), Surah Al-Baqarah (2:233), Surah Al-Ahzab
(33:70)
2. Sahih Muslim, Book of Inheritance
3. Sahih Bukhari, Book of Manners
4. Sunan Abu Dawood, Book of Transactions
5. Al-Qaradawi, Fiqh of Inheritance in Islam
6. Yusuf Ali, The Holy Quran Translation
Heirs Table
Heir Share
Husband 1/2 (if no children)
Wife 1/4 (if no children)
Son Twice the share of daughter
Daughter Half the share of son
Father 1/6 (if child exists)
Mother 1/6 (if child exists)