44 TRIGONOMETRY.
From the last figure, we have
BM2=AM+AB,
1
3x2=2 +300.
3
.8x2=3 x 300.
3003-150 6
=75xB
2/2 2
=75 x 2.44949... =183.71... feet.
Also his original distance from the tower
=x cot 60°==75x/2
3
=75 x (1.4142...) =106-065... feet.
EXAMPLES. VIII.
1. A person, standing on the bank of a river, observes that the angle
subtended by a tree on the opposite bank is 60°; when he retires 40 feet
from the bank he finds the angle to be 30°; find the height of the tree
and the breadth of the river.
2. At a certain point the angle of elevation of a tower is found to be
3
such that its cotangent is ; on walking 32 feet directly toward the tower
its angle of elevation is an angle whose cotangent is 2 Find the height
of the tower.
3. At a point A, the angle of elevation of a tower is found to be such
5
that its tangent is 1; on walking 240 feet nearer the tower the tangent
3
of the angle of elevation is found to be ; what is the height of the
tower?
4. Find the height of a chimney when it is found that, on walking
towards it 100 feet in a horizontal line through its base, the angular
elevation of its top changes from 30° to 45°.
5. An observer on the top of a cliff, 200 feet above the sea-level,
observes the angles of depression of two ships at anchor to be 45° and 80°
respectively; find the distances between the ships if the line joining them
points to the base of the cliff.
[Exs. VIII.] HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES. 45
6. From the top of a cliff an observer finds that the angles of
depression of two buoys in the sea are 39° and 26° respectively; the
buoys are 300 yards apart and the line joining them points straight
at the foot of the cliff; find the height of the cliff and the distance of the
nearest buoy from the foot of the cliff, given that cot 26°=2-0503, and
cot 39°=1-2349.
7. The upper part of a tree broken over by the wind makes an angie
of 30° with the ground, and the distance from the root to the point. where
the top of the tree touches the ground is 50 feet; what was the height of
the tree?
8. The horizontal distance between two towers is 60 feet and the
angular depression of the top of the first as seen from the top of the
second, which is 150 feet high, is 30°; find the height of the first.
9. The angle of elevation of the top of an unfinished tower at a
point distant 120 feet from its base is 45°; how much higher must the
tower be raised so that its angle of elevation at the same point may be
60°?
10. Two pillars of equal height stand on either side of a roadway
which is 100 feet wide; point in the roadway between the pillars the
at a
elevations of the tops of the pillars are 60° and 30°; find their height and
the position of the point.
11. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower is observed to be
60°; at a point 40 feet above the first point of observation the elevation
is found to be 45°; find the height of the tower and its horizontal
distance from the points of observation.
12. At the foot of a mountain the elevation of its summit is found to
be 45°; after ascending one mile towards the mountain up a slope of 30° in-
clination the elevation is found to be 60°. Find the height of the mountaín.
13. What is the angle of elevation of the sun when the length of the
shadow of a pole is/3 times the height of the pole?
14. The shadow of a tower standing on a level plane is found to be
60 feet longer when the sun's altitude is 30° than when it is 45°. Provе
that the height of the tower is 30 (1+/3) feet.
15. On a straight coast there are three objects A, B, and C such
that AB=BC=2 miles. A vessel approaches B in a line perpendicular
to the coast and at a certain point AC is found to subtend an angle of
60°; after sailing in the same direction for ten minutes AC is found to
subtend 120°; find the rate at which the ship is going.
46 TRIGONOMETRY. [Exs. VIII.]
16. Two flagstaffs stand on a horizontal plane. A and B are two
points on the line joining the bases of the flagstaffs and between them.
The angles of elevation of the tops of the flagstaffs as seen from A are
30° and 60° and, as seen from B, they are 60° and 45°. If the length Aв
be 30 feet, find the heights of the flagstafls and the distance between
them.
17. Pis the top and Q the foot of a tower standing on a horizontal
plane.. A and B are two points on this plane such that AB is
32 feet and QAB is a right angle. It is found that cot PAQ=and
3
cot PBQ=;
find the height of the tower.
18.A square tower stands upon a horizontal plane. From a point
in thisplane, from which three of its upper corners are visible, their
angular elevations are respectively 45°, 60°, and 45°. Shew that the
height of the tower is to the breadth of one of its sides вв 6(√5+1)
to 4.
19. A lighthouse, facing north, sends out a fan-shaped beam of
light extending from north-east to north-west. An observer on a steamer,
sailing due west, first sees the light when he is 5 miles away from the
lighthouse and continues to see it for 30/2 minutes, What is the
speed of the steamer?
20. A man stands at a point X on the bank XY of a river with
straightand parallel banks and observes that the line joining X to a
point Z on the opposite bank makes an angle of 30° with XY. He then
goes along the bank a distance of 200 yards to Y and finds that the angle
ZYX is 60°. Find the breadth of the river.
21. A man, walking due north, observes that the elevation of a
balloon, which is due east of him and is sailing toward the north-west,
is then 60°; after he has walked 400 yards the balloon is vertically over
his head; find its height supposing it to have always remained the same.