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EP Final Syllabus Basic Definitions

The document provides an overview of semiconductors, including intrinsic and extrinsic types, and their applications in electronic components like PN junctions, rectifiers, and transistors. It also discusses the nature of light, theories of light propagation, and concepts related to magnetic and electric fields. Key principles such as the Biot-Savart Law and the behavior of electric fields are also covered.

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4 views3 pages

EP Final Syllabus Basic Definitions

The document provides an overview of semiconductors, including intrinsic and extrinsic types, and their applications in electronic components like PN junctions, rectifiers, and transistors. It also discusses the nature of light, theories of light propagation, and concepts related to magnetic and electric fields. Key principles such as the Biot-Savart Law and the behavior of electric fields are also covered.

Uploaded by

abdullahjaan65758
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Semiconductor

A semiconductor is a material whose electrical conductivity lies between a conductor and an


insulator. Example: Silicon, Germanium.

Intrinsic Semiconductor
A pure semiconductor with no impurity added. Number of electrons and holes are equal.

Extrinsic Semiconductor
A semiconductor in which impurity is added to increase conductivity. Types: P-type and N-type.

PN Junction
A PN junction is formed when P-type and N-type semiconductors are joined together.

Forward Biasing
In forward biasing, current flows through the PN junction.

Reverse Biasing
In reverse biasing, current does not flow through the PN junction.

Half Wave Rectifier


It converts AC into DC using only one diode and uses half cycle of AC.

Full Wave Rectifier


It converts AC into DC using two or four diodes and uses full AC cycle.

Transistor (PNP/NPN)
A transistor is used for amplification and switching. It has three terminals: emitter, base, collector.

Nature of Light
Light shows dual nature: wave as well as particle.

Wave Theory of Light


According to wave theory, light travels in the form of waves.

Corpuscular Theory of Light


According to this theory, light consists of tiny particles called corpuscles.

Band Gap Theory


It explains the electrical behavior of materials using energy bands.

Classification on Band Gap


Conductors: no band gap, Semiconductors: small band gap, Insulators: large band gap.

Formation of Bands
When atoms come close, their energy levels form energy bands.

Laser
LASER produces highly focused and monochromatic light.

Maser
MASER produces microwaves using stimulated emission.

Biot-Savart Law
It explains the magnetic field produced by a current carrying conductor.

Magnetic Field of Solenoid


A solenoid produces uniform magnetic field inside it.

Magnetic Field of Toroid


A toroid has magnetic field only inside the core.

Magnetic Field
The region around a magnet or current carrying conductor where magnetic force acts.

Force on Current Carrying Conductor


A current carrying conductor placed in magnetic field experiences force.

Force on Charged Particle


A moving charged particle in magnetic field experiences force.

Electric Field
The region around a charged body where electric force acts.

Electric Field Lines


They show direction and strength of electric field.
Electric Field of Infinite Sheet
Electric field of infinite sheet is constant and independent of distance.

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