Adhesive Primer

Expert Knowledge on Glues and Adhesives

Content

Introduction.............................................................. | 3

Adhesion and cohesion............................................. | 4

Natural glues of animal origin - protein glues .............. | 5

Bone glue...................................................... | 5
Hide glue ...................................................... | 6
Rabbit skin glue............................................. | 6
Isinglass glue................................................. | 7
Fish glue........................................................ | 7

Stress load and construction .................................... | 8

Dispersion glues, PVAc glues.................................... | 10

Titebond® adhesives ....................................... | 10
Bindan® adhesives ......................................... | 15

Glueing times........................................................... | 18
Waterproof, water-resistant and the standards............ | 19

Chemical and reaction adhesives.............................. | 20

Glue Pots.................................................................. | 24

Adhesive tapes......................................................... | 25
Veneer and Washi tapes .................................. | 25

Choosing the right adhesive ..................................... | 26

Application procedures............................................. | 28
Keep your clamps clean with BATES®! ....................... | 29
Application tools ...................................................... | 30
Clamping tools ......................................................... | 34
Connectors as glueing aids....................................... | 42
Glueing checklist ..................................................... | 44
Heat your workshop! ................................................ | 46

2
 Introduction
Glueing can be defined as the surface-to-surface connection of identical
or different materials with the aid of an adhesive layer that adheres to the
surfaces of the parts to be connected. The adhesives used to bond wooden
parts are generally referred to as »glues«.

Advantages of glueing
Glueing allows different materials to be joined without changing their
properties and structure. In addition to holding the various parts together,
the adhesive performs several other tasks. Adhesives can bridge tolerances
in fit and fill gaps, compensate for the different expansion coefficients of
materials, seal, insulate and much more. Glueing enables the production
of complex workpieces, surface connections and lightweight constructions
(sandwich panels).

Disadvantages of glueing
Glueing, however, also has its limits. The heat resistance of adhesives
is usually limited. They are subject to environmental influences such as
sunlight and weathering, as well as the influence of chemicals – adhesives
and bonded joints age. Working with adhesives requires care when mixing
the components, adherence to certain times and professional application on
the workpieces. It is therefore crucial to select an adhesive or glue that is
suitable for the durability of the joint.

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Adhesion and cohesion
Adhesives are as non-metallic substances which can be used to join
components through surface adherence (adhesion) and internal strength
(cohesion) without significantly changing the structure of the body.

Adhesion refers to the force that

causes a substance to adhere to
another substance (adhesive force).
Cohesion is the force that holds a
substance together and is also called Fracture in
»inner strength«. the wood – a
clear cohesive
Both sufficient adhesion and cohe- failure.
sion are necessary for a stable bond.
Therefore, the aim of an adhesive
bond is usually a balanced ratio of
adhesion and cohesion. For certain
tasks, e.g. in instrument making, A break in the
adhesives with a cohesion lower than glue line is
that of the workpiece are deliberately also a cohesive
failure.
used, since it is easier to repair a
break in the glue joint than to recon-
struct a soundboard for example.

If a load is applied to a joint and the Missing bond

adhesion of the adhesive is stronger between wood
than the internal strength of the and glue – a
clear adhesive
material, the joint in the workpiece
failure.
will break (cohesive fracture). If the
adhesive adheres to the surface of
the workpiece (adhesion), but has
too little strength in itself, this is does not form a sufficient bond with
also referred to as a cohesive failure. the surface of the workpiece, an
On the other hand, if the adhesive adhesive failure can occur.

Vide You can find a video containing more information

on this on our YouTube channel.

4
Natural glues of animal origin – protein glues
These glues are among the oldest adhesives in human history.
The use of animal glue can be traced back to the ancient Egyptian
carpenters in around 1475 BC.
Adjusting protein glues
You can »adjust« glues of animal
origin to suit different tasks. For
most situations, the glue is modified
to produce a solution with a creamy
consistency. In order to achieve this,
place the glue granules in a glass
or ceramic container and fill it with
(distilled) water until they are fully
covered. Leave this mixture to swell
for a few hours or overnight. Then
heat the glue mixture in the glue Bone Glue, Granulate
pot to approx. 65 °C. You can adjust Amber glue line.
the flowability (viscosity) of the glue 250 g No. 450141
to your working method and task 1 kg No. 450144
by adding more or less water. The 5 kg No. 450145
finished glue has a limited shelf life. 10 kg No. 450146
Therefore only mix as much glue as
you require. Any left-over glue can
be stored in the refrigerator for a few
days. Typical recipe for wood putty
made from bone glue
Bone glue For filling in flaws in the wood
Bone glue is ideal for hard joints, before and after staining.
easy to grind when dry, resistant to Heat 70 g of bone glue in 1
ageing and easy to repair. litre of water until the glue has
completely dissolved. Add 70 g
of finely ground end-grain wood
(grinding dust) and 70 g of
ground chalk and mix well. The
resulting wood putty can be used
immediately.

For glue pots see page 24.

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Hide glue
These glues are used for flexible
bonds, e.g. for book spines or in
instrument making. Hide glue is
made from animal skins.

Hide Glue, Granulate

Amber glue line.
250 g No. 450140
1 kg No. 450143

Titebond® Hide Glue

The first hide glue in ready-to-use liquid form. It has almost
the same properties as conventional hide glue. In our tests, it
exhibited a slightly higher bond strength than our hide glue
granulate. Titebond Hide Glue joints can easily be taken apart,
just like those made with traditional hide glues, by warming
and moistening. In contrast to traditional hide glue, it does
not need to be processed warm, which makes application
much easier. Titebond Hide Glue is therefore ideal for demand-
ing tasks in furniture construction, veneering, restoration work
and instrument making. Translucent glue line.
237 g No. 450368
Protein glue with additives, storage life min. 6 months from purchase.

Rabbit skin glue

Small amounts of this glue go a long
way; it has a higher viscosity and can
be applied thinly. It is more elastic
than hide and bone glue and is used
in musical instrument making and
veneering.

Rabbit Skin Glue, Granulate

Light yellow glue line.
500 g No. 450153
1 kg No. 450154

6
 Tip: In order to prevent unused glue residues from going mouldy, we rec-
ommend adding citric acid, available in pharmacies and drugstores. Only a few
drops in the glue are enough to prevent mould.

Isinglass glue
This glue has a much higher bond
strength than other animal glues.
The glue concentration in the
solution can therefore be much
lower than with, for example, bone
or hide glue, meaning that Isinglass
glue granulate goes an extremely
long way. The granules offered by
DICTUM consist of the untreated air
bladders of a Russian sturgeon spe-
cies (beluga). Fishing quotas have Isinglass Glue, Granulate
been drastically reduced in order not Light yellow to nearly transparent
to endanger the stock of this rare glue line.
fish species. 100 g
No. 450142

Fish glue
This glue combines the good
properties of bone glue and hide
glue. It has an impressively high
bond strength and yet remains very
flexible. Fish glue is used in furni-
ture construction. One advantage
is that it can be applied when cold.
The joint can be softened again for
repairs by simple heating.

Canadian Fish Glue

Ready-to-use, liquid form, very
high glueing effect. Yellow 100 ml No. 450188
transparent glue line. 250 ml No. 450189
Storage life min. 12 months from purchase. 500 ml No. 450169

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Stress load and construction
The key tenet of adhesive technology construction is:
»The stress must be less than the strain!«

Stress load types

Every construction is exposed to
a b certain forces which more or less
stress it. With the mechanical load
types shown on the left (a. pressing,
b. pulling, c. shearing, d. twisting, e.
peeling and f. splitting) the stress on
the adhesive joint increases steadily
c d from a. to f. Glue bonds can therefore
usually withstand compressive and
tensile loads very well, but most
bonded joints fail under the stress of
peeling or splitting forces.

e f

Titebond®
Original Wood Glue
Yellowish-
translucent
glue line.
Testing glues yourself 237 g
In every workshop, glue residues No. 450360
accumulate over time. You can
Aliphatic resin
easily test whether a glue still sets emulsion storage life
after a long time and offers enough min. 12 months from
strength. Put a few drops of the glue purchase.
on a wooden board and allow it to
run off. This way you can see whether the glue is still liquid enough to wet
the surface. Leave the drip of glue to stand for a few hours. If it hardens and
becomes translucent (with PVAc glues), the glue can still be used. To be on
the safe side, glue two pieces of wood together and use this sample to conduct
a breaking test (hammer blow). If the break occurs mostly in the wood, the
glue can still be used.

8
One single tenon increases the glueing area by twice as much
as an overleap joint.

The best possible joint can be stressed along several axes in

Most modern glues have a higher tension and compression, even with-
bond strength than the wooden out glue. A durable adhesive bond
material. Properly joined and therefore always requires profession-
professionally glued, even a butt al construction.
joint is more likely to break in the
wood than in the glue. The aim of
the construction should therefore
be to optimise the position and size
of the glued areas (strain), taking
into consideration the expected
mechanical loads. Classic wood
joints are a prime example of good
construction. On the one hand, they
enlarge the areas to which the glue
adheres. Even a simple tenon joint
doubles the glued areas compared to
an overleap joint. On the other hand,
due to their shape, many wood joints
transfer the occurring tensions into
It is already impossible to slide this corner
the solid components. This means joint with dovetails along two axes due to
that a positive-locking dovetail joint positive locking.

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Dispersion glues, Glue Open
assembly time
PVAc glues
With dispersion glues, Titebond® Original Wood Glue 4-6 min
the binding agents are Titebond® II Premium Wood Glue 3-5 min
very finely distributed
Titebond® II Extend Wood Glue 15 min
(dispersed) in water.
Titebond® III Ultimate Wood Glue 8-10 min
Titebond® II Dark Wood Glue 10 min
Dispersion glues
Dispersion adhesives are often
based on polyvinyl acetate (PVAc),
which is why they are usually
referred to as PVAc white glues.
An exception among the glues list-
ed here is Titebond Original, which
is an aliphatic resin emulsion.
Advantages: non-toxic and solvent-
free, ready for use, easy applica-
tion, if necessary soluble by heat
(thermoplastic), good shelf life.
Disadvantages: limited bond
strength.

Titebond® Glues/Adhesives
The first choice when high bond strength is necessary: for extremely solid glue
joints in woodworking applications, restoration and musical instrument mak-
ing. For more than 65 years, Titebond has been the market leader in bonding
wood and wood products in the USA.

Titebond® Original, II or III?

In short, Titebond Glue Original, II and III differ in their »open assembly time«
and in their resistance to moisture. Titebond Original Wood Glue corresponds
to a standard PVAc white glue. Titebond II Premium Wood Glue has the same
open assembly time as Titebond Original, but is waterproof according to ANSI
Type 2. Titebond III Ultimate Wood Glue has a relatively long open assembly
time, is water-resistant according to ANSI Type 1 and can still be processed at
low temperatures.

10
Closed Clamping Final Indoors Moisture Outdoors Standard Processing
assembly time strength temperature
time
10 min 30 min 24 h + - - (D1) 10-30 °C
10 min 30 min 24 h + + -/+ ANSI Type II (D3) 13-30 °C
10 min 30 min 24 h + + -/+ ANSI Type II (D3) 13-30 °C
15 min 30 min 24 h + + + ANSI Type I (D3+) 8-30 °C
10 min 30 min 24 h + + -/+ ANSI Type II (D3) 13-30 °C

Titebond® Titebond® II Dark Wood Glue

Most Titebond glues are non-toxic, Brown dyed glue
solvent-free and resistant to most for waterproof
solvents. Residues can be wiped bonds indoors
off with water, easily sanded and and outdoors that
painted over. are occasionally
exposed to moisture
Titebond® Original Wood Glue (external doors, gar-
Yellowish-translucent glue line. den furniture etc.).
237 g Ideal for discreet
No. 450360 glue joints in darker
Aliphatic resin emulsion* woods such as teak
or iroko.
Titebond® II Premium Wood Glue
Yellowish-translucent glue line. •E  xcess glue can
237 g be wiped off with water
No. 450364 • Excellent sandability without
Polyvinyl acetate glue* softening
• Unaffected by finishes
Titebond® II Extend Wood Glue • Non-toxic and solvent-free
Creme coloured glue line.
473 g Brown glue line.
No. 450387 237 g
Polyvinyl acetate glue* No. 450372
Polyvinyl acetate glue*
Titebond® III Ultimate Wood Glue
Light brown glue line.
237 g
No. 450362
Polyvinyl acetate glue* * Storage life min. 12 months from purchase.

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Glue Open Closed Clamping Final
assembly time assembly time time strength
Titebond® Translucent Wood Glue 5 min 10 min 20 min 24 h
Titebond® Cold Press Veneer 15 min 5 min 45-60 min 24 h

Titebond® Translucent Wood Glue

Ideal glue for general household and furniture-making
projects with short clamping time and transparent glue line.

• Rapid curing
• Excess glue can be wiped off with water
• Excellent sandability without softening
• Non-toxic and solvent-free

Transparent glue line.

237 g
No. 450396
Polyvinyl acetate glue*

Titebond® Cold Press Veneer

High-quality veneer glue for cold press bonding of open-
pored materials such as wood and wood composites.

• Long open assembly time

• Minimised »bleed-through«
• Excess glue can be wiped off with water

Dark brown glue line.

946 g
No. 450385
Polyvinyl acetate glue*

* Storage life min. 12 months from purchase.

12
Indoors Moisture Outdoors Standard Processing Accessories for
temperature glueing and finishing
are available online.
+ - - (D1) 10-30 °C
only for - - (D1) 10-30 °C
veneer-work

Glue application
on large surfaces
When applying glue to large surfaces,
as is common in veneering, profes-
sional glue rollers are an excellent,
but also expensive tool. A favourable
alternative is a toothed spatula
(e.g. Bindan® Adhesive Trowel,
No. 800499). Step 1: Apply the glue to the middle
of the surface.
A limited amount of glue is poured
into the middle of the surface and
spread with a toothed spatula. It is
important to always work quickly
from the centre outwards. At the
edges, the excess glue sticks to the
spatula, keeping the edges clean.

Wash the glue spatula thoroughly

under running water directly after ap- Step 2: Spread the glue from the
plication or simply remove the dried centre outwards.
glue residues from the spatula later.

Vide
You can find a video containing
more information on this on our Step 3: The surface is evenly covered and
YouTube channel. ready to lay the veneers.

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 Glue Open Closed Evaporation time/
assembly time assembly time waiting time
Titebond® No-Run, No-Drip Wood Glue 3-5 min 10 min -

Bindan-BB® Wood Glue 4-12 min 4 min ** -

Bindan® -Blitz Wood and Assembly Glue 6-8 min 4 min ** 8 min***

** With hardwood *** Do not assembly until the open assembly time has passed

WORKSHOP
PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE
- GLUES AND
ADHESIVES
The course will teach you all you
need to know about numerous
glues and adhesives; modern
white glues, adhesives for special
applications, reaction adhesive,
traditional bone and hide glue, etc.
Titebond® No-Run, No-Drip Wood Glue
This viscous glue does not drip and is Content:
therefore ideal for vertical glue joints • Functional principles of wood
and overhead applications such as glues, contact adhesives and
reaction adhesives
cornice mountings, reveals and ceiling
• Different wood glues and their
mouldings.
applications
• Terms used in adhesive tech-
• No dripping, no running
nology and their meaning
• Provides a strong initial tack and fast
... and much more
speed of set, yet allows realignment
• Excess glue can be wiped off with For further information see
water [Link]/workshops
• Excellent sandability without softening
• Unaffected by finishes

Translucent glue line.

237 g
No. 450388
Polyvinyl acetate glue*
* Storage life min. 12 months from purchase.

14
Clamping time Final strength Indoors Moisture Outdoors Standard Processing
temperature
30 min 24 h + - - (D1) 10-30 °C
22 min 24 h + + +/- D3 10-20 °C
16-24 min 24 h + + +/- D3 12-20 °C

Bindan® glues
For over 80 years, the company
Bindulin in Germany has been
specialising in the production
of glues and adhesives. With
twenty different wood glues
under the Bindan brand alone,
Bindulin offers an exceptionally
wide range of products suitable for Bindan®-Blitz
many applications. Wood and Assembly Glue
This glue hardens very quickly and
Bindan-BB® Wood Glue is therefore ideal for assembly work.
Non-toxic glue for use in sensitive It features an outstanding bonding
applications, such as bedrooms, strength and is suitable for the wa-
children’s rooms, nursery schools, terproof glueing of wood, chipboards
etc. Good bonding strength, suitable and fibreboards. Also suitable for
for waterproof bonds with softwood, workpieces that are subject to higher
chipboard and also handicrafts. loads, such as windows and doors.
Ideal for prefinished parquet floors
• Absolutely free of pollutants (tongue and groove glueing).
• Translucent glue line • Rapid curing
• Excess glue can be wiped • Translucent glue line
off with water • Excess glue can be
• Solvent-free wiped off with water
• Solvent-free
100 g No. 450526
280 g No. 450527 280 g No. 450531
Polyvinyl acetate dispersion* Polyvinyl acetate glue*

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 Glue Open Closed Evaporation Clamping
assembly time assembly time/waiting time
time time
Bindan-IQ® Wood Glue 10-15 min 4 min ** - 20 min
Bindan-P® »Propellerleim®« Wood Glue 5-10 min 4 min ** 10 min *** 30 min
** In case of hardwood *** Do not assemble until the open assembly time has passed

Bindan-IQ® Wood Glue

The ideal wood glue for the water-
proof glueing of light woods or woods
containing tanning agents that tend
to change colour. The normal white
glue has an acidic pH value, which
in combination with tannic acids and
other wood constituents can lead
to stains and colour changes. The
IQ wood glue is pH-neutral, which
prevents colour changes on woods
such as maple, Douglas fir, chestnut,
larch, lime, walnut, etc. (not suitable
for ferrous oak).

• Neutral pH
• Long open assembly time
• Excess glue can be wiped off with
water
• Solvent-free

280 g No. 450530

Accessories for glueing 280 g No. 450529
and finishing available online 800 g No. 450383
Polyvinyl acetate glue*
[Link] * Storage life 6 months from purchase.

16
Final strength Indoors Moisture Outdoors Standard Processing temperature

24 h + + +/- D3 15-25 °C
24 h + + +/- D3 10-20 °C

Bindan-P »Propellerleim«® Wood Glue

High-quality, ready-to-use glue with outstanding bonding strength for water-
proof bonds in windows and external doors and workpieces that are subject to
higher loads. For wood, wood composites cardboard polystyrene, felt, fabric
and leather.

• Extremely high breaking strength

• Translucent glue line
• Excess glue can be wiped off with water
• Solvent-free

100 g No. 450528

280 g No. 450529
800 g No. 450383
Synthetic resin glue*
* Storage life min. 12 months from purchase.

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Glueing times
Important time concepts in glueing explained in sequence.

Adhesives that you mix by yourself

need a »maturing time« to swell or
to obtain a homogeneous structure
before they can be processed.

»Pot life« indicates for how long a Mixing

Mischen

two-component adhesive can be

PREPARATION
processed after mixing. Reifezeit
Maturing time
»Evaporation time« is the minimum
time during which the (contact)
adhesive should degas before the Application
Auftrag
Ende
End der Topfzeit
of pot life
parts to be joined can be brought APPLICATION
into contact with each other.

»Open assembly time« is the

maximum time span between the Evaporation
Ablüftzeit time
application of the adhesive and the Open Wartezeit
Offene assembly time
joining of the parts. Joining
Auflegen/Fügen
Geschlossene Wartezeit
Closed waiting time
»Closed assembly time« is the maxi-
CLAMPING

mum time span between joining the

parts and clamping them.
Setting time
Abbindezeit
»Setting time« is the time required Minimum clamping time
Mindest-Presszeit
for an adhesive to reach what is Unclamping
Ausspannen

referred to as hand strength.

SUSPENSION TIME

The »minimum clamping time« is

the time when the clamps can be
released again or the workpiece can Final strength
Endfestigkeit
Further processing
Weiterverarbeitung
be moved again without load.
Alterung/Versprödung

The »final strength« is achieved when Ageing/embrittlement

curing is complete and the adhesive
has reached its maximum strength.

18
Waterproof, water-resistant and the standards
Glues are divided into different durability classes, which
classify them according to their behaviour when exposed
to moisture and water.

In Germany and the EU, adhesives ANSI Type I: Waterproof

are divided into four durability Suitable for outdoor use. The glue
classes according to EN 204. Glues joint will resist constant moisture
of group D1 have the lowest water- (rain). Not suitable for use under
resistance and are only suitable for water.
interior use. D2 glues are suitable
for interior use with occasional ANSI Type II: Water-resistant
short-term exposure to running or Suitable for outdoor use. The
condensed water. Glues of group D3 glue joint will resist occasional
are intended for interior applications moisture (rain) as long as it is
with frequent short-term exposure not permanently wet.
to running or condensed water. D3
glues are also suitable for exterior ANSI Type I thus approximately corre-
use without direct exposure to the sponds to groups D3-D4, and ANSI
weather. By adding hardener, D3 Type II approximately to D2-D3. The
glues become glues of group D4, term »waterproof« is interpreted
which are considered to be resistant differently in the two standards. In
to boiling water and are used indoors the ANSI/HPVA standard, »water-
with frequent long-term exposure to proof« means »resistant to constant
draining water. For exterior use and exposure to moisture (rain)«, while
weathering they also require appro- in EN 204 it means »frequent
priate surface protection. short-term exposure to running or
condensed water«.
The European standard EN 204
refers to applications such as those
used in window construction or in
load-bearing timber construction.
However, the US ANSI/HPVA stan-
dard, which is specified for Titebond
adhesives, for example, refers to
Vide
You can find a video containing
plywood production. The terminology more information on this on our
used varies accordingly. YouTube channel.

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Solvent-based contact adhesives
The adhesive substances are dissolved in the solvents.
The transition from the processing state to the final solid state is
achieved by diffusion of the solvents.

Contact adhesives Tip: With contact adhesives

They are called contact adhesives such as Kövulfix, the initial pressure
because two adhesive films are is decisive for the strength of the
brought into contact with each other bond. In the professional sector,
and immediately bond together when this pressure is achieved by strong
pressed (Velcro principle). clamping. In domestic applications,
Advantages: short clamping time, you can achieve this with a single,
immediate resilience, elasticity, powerful blow of a hammer. Allow
moist substrates can be bonded. the Kövulfix adhesive to evaporate
Disadvantages: hazardous to health, as described in the instructions,
limited durability. place the parts to be joined in the
correct position and then tap them
firmly with one or more blows of the
hammer. Of course, this only works
when glueing hard-wearing materials
such as leather and rubber to wood
or metal. Make sure that the
Kövulfix Contact Adhesive hammer is clean!
Professional solvent-based con-
tact adhesive for use with leather.
Adhesive achieves full strength after
a single application of pressure. Also
suitable for rubber (soles, seals),
rainwear, hard PVC and soft foam
(polyurethane foam, carpet backing),
paper, cardboard, textiles, felt, cork,
and wood. 60 g
No. 451980

Glue Evaporation time/ Clamping Final In- Mois- Out- Processing

waiting time time strength doors ture doors temperature
Kövulfix
Contact
Adhesive 10-90 min 8-15 sec 4h + + + + 18 °C

20
Chemical and reaction adhesives
Tip: Use superglue instead of
clamps!
Applying clamps can sometimes be
tricky, especially when working with
small profiled strips and sloping or
1 2 3 4 rounded workpieces. However, small
light workpieces can
Titebond Instant Bond Wood
®
be easily mounted
Adhesive with the following
Fast-action glue for small contact trick. Apply a trace
surfaces with a narrow joining gap or a few drops of in-
especially for glueing together wood stant adhesive next
and wood composites. Other materials to the glue bead on
such as natural rubber, aluminium, the workpiece. The
stainless steel, fibreglass, PVC or superglue sets after
porcelain can also be easily glued just a short pressing
together or to wood and composites. time and then takes over the function
The individual types differ in viscosity of a [Link] the glue itself can set.
and hardening time. Advantages: Sol-
vent-resistant, ideal for glueing mitres Superglue Activator
of MDF and porous wood, high ageing The activator accelerates
resistance and unaffected by finishes. the hardening of superglue
Translucent glue line. (cyanoacrylate adhesive).
55 g Used on strongly absorbing,
1 Gel No. 450377 porous surfaces, at low air
2 Thick No. 450376 humidities and temperatures,
3 Medium No. 450375 or with thick layers of adhesive. Can
4 Thin No. 450378 be used with Titebond Instant Bond
Cyanoacrylate glue - Storage life min. 12 Wood Adhesive. 200 ml
months from purchase No. 451981

Glue Open/Closed Clamping Final In- Mois- Out- Processing

assembly time time strength doors ture doors temperature
Titebond®
Instant
Bond
Wood Ad- 3-5 sec/ 30-60
hesive 20-30 sec sec 8h + - - 10-30 °C

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You can glue almost everything with two-component adhesives

Glue Open Closed Evaporation Clamping time

assembly time assembly time time/waiting
time
Bindulin Duo-Col® 2 h processing time - 10 h
Ber-Fix® Epoxy Glue 5/30 min processing time - 10 min

Reaction adhesives
Solvent-free adhesives with 100 % solids content. They are liquid or pasty
in their application state and achieve their final strength through a chemical
reaction involving at least two reactants.

With one-component adhesives (PUR adhesive, superglue), the reaction takes

place by means of an initiator (e.g. air humidity, accelerator).

Two-component adhesives (epoxy resin adhesives) cure by mixing two reactive

substances (resin and hardener).

Advantages: high durability, adaptation to application methods

through formulation.
Disadvantages: hazardous to health, difficult application/mixing.

Bindulin Duo-Col®
Two-Component Glue
Slow-curing epoxy resin glue for chem- Temperature resistant from -20 to max.
ical »welding« of metals, steel, plastics +70 °C; light-yellow glue line.
and hard materials as well as glass, Two tubes with 20 g each.
porcelain, concrete and wood. Resistant No. 450382
to water and chemicals. Two-component epoxy resin adhesive*

22
 Final strength Indoors Moisture Outdoors Processing
temperature

24 h + + + 10-30 °C
24 h + + + 10-30 °C

Ber-Fix® Epoxy Glue

Quick-setting epoxy resin glue. Glues almost
anything, including materials such as metal, wood,
glass, hard plastics, porcelain, ebony and precious
stones. Resistant to water and chemicals. Double
syringe with attachable mixing nozzle.
Translucent glue line.
25 g

Open assembly time approx. 30 minutes

Temperature resistance -50 to +80 °C.
No. 450417
Open assembly time approx. 5 minutes
Temperature resistance -55 to +80 °C.
No. 450379
Two-component epoxy resin adhesive*
* Storage life min. 12 months from purchase.

KEEP YOUR CLAMPS CLEAN WITH BATES®!

More on page 29 or at [Link]

Order hotline: Telephone +49 (0)9931 4058-902 • [Link] 23

Glue Pots
For uncomplicated and gentle heating of hot glues, primers and
waxes in a water bath.

Herdim Glue Pot,

Plastic Container with Lid

A built-in thermostat ensures the

correct temperature within ±3 °C.
Designed for constant professional
use, these glue pots have proved
themselves over and over again in
woodworking, resto­ration and inst-
rument making. Nickel-plated brass
housing with heat-resistant plastic
handle and slip-proof base. Maxi-
mum temperature approx. 85 °C.

250 ml
Compact glue pot for violin making
and other precision small scale work.
Height 160 mm, Ø 105 mm , 120 W,
No. 736013

1l
For large-scale projects such as
restoration, piano making, painting,
stucco and gilding. Includes plastic
glue container with lid.
Height 220 mm, Ø 160 mm,
230 V, 240 W.
No. 736003

24
Adhesive tapes
Easy to handle, flexible and versatile. Adhesive tapes have a
great advantage, they are ready for immediate use.

Washi tape
Very thin and wet-strength adhesive
tape made of Japanese Washi paper
with specially formulated acrylate
adhesive designed to perfectly bond Gold Tape UV 90, gold
to edges. For smooth surfaces such as metal
and glass (e.g. for taping off knife
• High UV resistance blades), for interior and exterior use,
• Substrate-specific adhesive force securely stays in place for up to
• Suitable for all kinds of interior 100 days and can be removed with-
and exterior painting work out leaving residues.
• Creates very flat and sharp edges, Overall length 50 m
prevents paint/varnish/blacking Width 19 mm No. 820274
creep Width 30 mm No. 820275

Veneer tape
This strongly adherent white veneer joint tape can be easily removed without
leaving residues after veneering. 200 m roll. Width 20 mm.

Perforated: The three-row perforation

offers both visibility of the joint and
easy removing of the tape.
No. 450138

Unperforated: The unperforated

surface ensures good adhesion
performance even of smaller tape
pieces, making this veneer joint tape
ideal for intarsia and marquetry work.
No. 450139

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 Choosing the right adhesive
Adhesive No. Materials

Leather + plastic
Plastic + plastic
Wood + leather
Wood + plastic
Wood + metal

Wood + paper

Wood + stone
Wood + wood
Bone Glue, Granulate 450141 •• •
Glues of Animal Origin /

Rabbit Skin Glue, Granulate 450153 •• • •

Hide Glue, Granulate 450140 •• • •

Protein Glues

Isinglass Glue, Granulate 450142 •• •• •

Fish Glue (ready-to-use) 450188 •• • •

Titebond® Original Wood Glue 450360 •• • •

Titebond® II Premium Wood Glue 450364 ••• • •

Titebond® II Extend Wood Glue 450387 ••• • •

Titebond® III Ultimate Wood Glue 450362 ••• • •

Titebond Translucent Wood Glue

®
450396 •• • •

Titebond® Liquid Hide Glue 450368 •• • •

Titebond® No-Run, No-Drip Wood Glue 450388 •• •

Dispersion Glues and Adhesives

Titebond® II Dark Wood Glue 450372 •• • •

Titebond® Cold Press Veneer 450385 •• • •

Bindan-BB® Wood Glue 450526/27 ••• • •

Bindan® - Blitz Wood and Assembly Glue 450531 ••• • •

Bindan-IQ ® Wood Glue 450530 ••• • •

Bindan-P ® »Propeller Leim« Wood Glue 450383/529/528 ••• • •

Kövulfix Contact Adhesive 451980 • • • • • • • •

Reaction Adhesives

Titebond® Instant Bond Adhesive 450375-450378 • • • • • • • •

Chemical and

Ber-Fix® Epoxy Glue 450379 • • • • • • • •

Bindulin Duo-Col® 450382 • • • • • • • •

26
 Requirements Setting behaviour
Permanently waterproof

Open assembly time

Temperature resistant

Evaporation time/
Closed assembly
Water-resistant

Clamping time

Final strength
Resoftenable

waiting time
time
- - - ++
- - - ++ Process warm (60-65 °C) and join parts as quickly as possible.
The end of the clamping time is reached when the excess glue that has
- - - ++ been squeezed out of the joint is fully cured and can be removed.
- - - ++
- - - ++ 60 min 90 min - 12 h 12 h

- - - + 4-6 min 10 min - 30 min 24 h

+ - 3-5 min 10 min - 30 min 24 h
+ - 15 min 10 min - 30 min 24 h
+ + 8-10 min 15 min - 30 min 24 h
- - + 5 min 10 min - 20 min 24 h
- - ++ 10 min 20 min - 30-60 min 24 h

3-5 min 10 min 30 min 24 h

+ - - + 10 min 10 min - 30 min 24 h
- - - + 15 min 5 min - 45-60 min 24 h
+ + -/+ - 4-12 min 4 min 8 min 22 min 24 h
+ + -/+ - 6-8 min 4 min - 16-24 min 24 h
+ + -/+ - 10-15 min 4 min - 20 min 24 h
+ + -/+ - 5-10 min 4 min 10 min 30 min 24 h

+ + - - - - 10-90 min 45 min 4h

+ + - - 3-5 sec 20-30 sec - 30-60 sec 8h

+ ++ + - 5 minutes processing time 10 min 24 h

+ ++ ++ - 2 hours processing time 10 h 24 h

Order hotline: Telephone +49 (0)9931 4058-902 • [Link] 27

Application procedures
When mixing and applying adhesives, potential mistakes can have a
negative effect on the strength and durability of the bonded joint.
Great care is therefore required during these steps.

The correct mixing ratio

When working with two-component adhesives, the mixing of the components
also forms part of the application process in addition to the application itself.
Special attention must be paid to the mixing ratio, as deviations can lead to a
reduction in strength or even total failure of the adhesive. For example, adding
additional hardener does not usually cause the adhesive to set faster or become
firmer – on the contrary, the hardener components do not find any reaction
partners and remain unbound in the mixture.

Glue bead
The viscosity of PVAc wood glues is adjusted in such a way that they can be
processed with different application methods. It is important that the glue is
applied evenly. For simple application from the bottle, it is advantageous to
apply the glue in bead form (left) and not in enclosed circles (right), as other-
wise air pockets and thus unglued areas may occur during pressing.

Compared to the random application of glue (right), a zigzag-shaped glue bead (left) ensures an
even and closed glue joint without air inclusions.

Tip: Glueing without clamps?

Wood glues do not need pressure to set – they cure without pressure. The
pressure is needed to improve the joint fit and penetration. Small parts, such as
spacer blocks or concealed feet, can also be easily glued on by rubbing. When
both joint surfaces are clean and even, apply some glue to the block and press it
on while moving it slightly back and forth until it is firmly seated and in the
correct position. This method is only suitable for components that are not
visible, as the glue smears the surrounding surface.

28
KEEP YOUR CLAMPS CLEAN WITH BATES®!
Put an end to excess glue and encrusted clamps!

The fact that wood glue drips out during glueing and veneering
is normal and in some ways even desirable. With a little
experience, the application of glue can be controlled in such a
way that only a little oozes out. However, it is difficult to avoid
excess glue completely.

The result:
clamps encrusted with glue and time-
consuming cleaning using aggressive
cleaning agents.

The solution:
Use BATES® to protect your clamps.
Simply apply with a brush, let it dry,
and you’re done! BATES® Release Agent for Cold Gluing
Applications up to 38 °C
BATES is a silicone-free, water-based
wax emulsion that can be used to
Vide make non-porous metal surfaces
glue repellent. It prevents glues from
For an application video
see [Link] adhering to machinery and equipment,
thus reducing downtime for cleaning.
Regular application prevents the need
for harsh cleaning agents. Bates can be
very easily applied with a cloth, brush,
sponge or spray bottle.

1l No. 714178
5l No. 714179

For more information on BATES® see the DICTUM blog: [Link]/de/blog

Order hotline: Telephone +49 (0)9931 4058-902 • [Link] 29

Application tools

Pfohl Hand Glue Spreader,

with Foam Rubber Roller
The Pfohl glue applicators by Gupfo
are tried-and-tested hand tools that
enable all glues and adhesives to be
applied quickly and completely even.
They are used wherever larger surfaces
are to be coated with glue or adhesive.
The mounted foam rubber roller with
ribbed, non-porous surface is ideal
not only for white glues, but also for
glues with added hardener (Kaurit
glue). This roller imparts a weaker
glue application, e.g. for veneer work • Effortless glue application on
with coarse-pored veneer. Very easy to curved surfaces
clean, not acid resistant. Incl. practi- • Possibility of using glues with
cal stand for hanging up the Pfohl glue shorter open times, even for large
applicator. surfaces, enabling shorter pressing
times
Advantages:: • Saves approx. 30 % glue compared
• Perfectly even and measured glue to brush or trowel application
application • Saves at least 50 % working time
• No glue smearing at the edges for
joints and grid glueing No. 721213

30
 Gupfo Leiminator
Easy to fill and clean thanks to the
screw cap on the storage container.
For practical dosage and to protect
against rapid drying out. Suitable for
liquid adhesives, glues, solvents and
thinners, paints, varnishes and oils.
Incl. brush.
Capacity 1.2 l
No. 721212

Glue Bottle BabeBot™,

HighBot™ und GluBot™
A two-chamber system automatically
ensures that there is glue in the ascending
container at all times. It is therefore also
possible to apply glue when the bottle is in
an upright position. An airtight lid prevents
the glue from drying out in the bottle. The
glue dispenser can be equipped with glue
tips for any purpose. Easy refilling via the
large main chamber closure. Replacement
parts (tips and caps) available.
120 ml No. 716002
180 ml No. 716003
475 ml No. 716004

TS-Boy Thrifty Glue Container

For practical dosage and protection
from quick drying up. Suitable for
liquid adhesives, solvents, thinners,
paints, varnishes and oils.
Includes brush.
450 ml
No. 706122

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Glue Bottle
For targeted application of glue in small or hard-to-reach
spaces. With hermetically sealing screw cap and nozzle
for universal use.
Holds 500 ml
No. 800496

Glue Brush with Natural Bristles

Pure natural bristles, with no plastic or me-
tallic bond - preventing discolouration of the
glue. Bristles are hard enough to remove glue
remainings. Suitable for persons suffering from
nickel allergy.
Head diameter
10 mm No. 706192
12 mm No. 706193
17 mm No. 706194
21 mm Nr. 706199

Glue Brush
Light China bristles, long, untreated handle.
Colourfast plastic ferrule prevents discolouration
of the glue. Suitable for persons suffering from
nickel allergy.
Head diameter
6 mm No. 706156
8 mm No. 706157
10 mm No. 706158

Plastic Glue Brush

Light-coloured Chinese bristle, handle and
binding made of robust and easy-to-clean plastic.
Head diameter
10 mm No. 721208
12 mm No. 721209
17 mm No. 721211

32
Glue Application Set
The open glue
tray simplifies
mixing or diluting
of adhesives and
easy glue pick-up by
brush or glue comb. Small
workpieces can also be dipped
directly into the glue. The two brush
heads made of silicone rubber have a width
of 15 and 30 mm. The ends of the handles are widened to form spatulas, e.g.
for applying glue in narrow joints or cracks. The practical glue comb is used
for larger areas. Brush heads, glue comb and tray are made of silicone rubber
and are very easy to clean. Even dried glue can be removed completely and
quickly. Glue tray 135 x 88 x 22 mm.
No. 714607

Bindan® Adhesive Trowel

Flexible adhesive trowel,
toothed on both sides
for optimum glue application.
Dimensions 150 x 80 mm
No. 800499

Glue Injectors, 3-Piece Set

For the specific application of glue to hard-to-reach
areas, e.g. in repairs of veneering or chair-leg bonds,
cracks etc. Also ideal for the application of oil or the
dosage of paints and other liquids. Can be dismantled
for cleaning. Contains 1.0 / 2.5 / 5.0 ml,
needle diameter 0.5 / 0.6 / 0.7 mm.
No. 716232

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Clamping tools
DICTUM® Spheroidal Cast Iron Screw Clamps
This classic glueing clamp ensures effective force
transmission while staying rigid and firm. The
spheroidal cast iron (ductile iron) used for the
clamp arms offers the best mechanical properties
of all common cast materials. A powder-coated
hollow profile bar combined with a strong trap-
ezoidal thread and corrugated clamp arms allow
clamping forces of up to 5000 N. High-quality
plastic caps with cross-grooves ensure easy posi-
tioning and clamping of round pieces. Ball-
jointed pressure plate, wooden handle.

Ø Pressure plate Jaw depth Jaw opening

22 mm 60 mm 300 mm No. 720423
32 mm 120 mm 600 mm No. 720417

Bessey® Edge Clamp Device

Auxiliary device for clamping
edgings, veneers, etc. Can be used
with most standard screw clamps
with a maximum bar thickness
of 13 mm. Spindle length 75 mm.
300 g
No. 705793

34
DICTUM® Reverse Screw Clamps
Spreading and double clamping function:
Differently from standard screw clamps, the reverse clamp with its fixed
spindle arm is a lot easier to tighten in many clamping situations. The rail
can be equipped with additional arms which can be oriented in both ways
for a spreading- as well as a double clamping mode. Designed for flexible,
elastic clamping (metal and wood) and high strength at a low weight. Patented
anti-slip system preventing the sliding arm from slipping away when clamping.
The burnished trapezoidal spindle runs precisely in the guide. Ball-jointed
pressure plate and space saving bending diamond handle.

Jaw depth Jaw opening

80 mm 400 mm No. 721013

Body Clamps
Clamp with exactly parallel guidance and large clamping faces
for glueing furniture bodies and all types of frames. The plastic
caps repel glue and prevent pressure points even on sensitive
surfaces. The movable jaw runs on a powder-coated hollow pro-
file bar and, by way of an anti-slip system, engages precisely in
the desired position. Thanks to the wide back and the support
clip at the end of the bar, the clamp can also be placed flat on
the workbench. The supplied workpiece supports prevent direct
contact between bar and workpiece, thus avoiding damage.
Two-component plastic handle for an ergonomic grip.
Clamping force up to 6900 N.

Jaw depth Jaw opening Weight

95 mm 800 mm 2.7 kg No. 720420
95 mm 1250 mm 2.9 kg No. 720421

Order hotline: Telephone +49 (0)9931 4058-902 • [Link] 35

 Klemmsia® Clamps
The original from Germany: light, fast-acting
clamps. The clamp features slip-resistant,
surface-protecting cork pads and is therefore
ideal for:

•G  lueing of mouldings on panels or frames

• Clamping round workpieces without damaging
the profile
• Glueing of overleap joints and dowelled joints
of small workpieces without using support
structures

The clamping pressure can be regulated via a

cam lever. One movable clamp arm. Zinc-
plated steel bar with hornbeam clamping arms.

Jaw depth Jaw opening Weight Extension for

110 mm 200 mm 440 g No. 705810 Klemmsia® Clamps
110 mm 400 mm 610 g No. 705823 fitting
110 mm 600 mm 780 g No. 705812 No. 705810 / 11 / 12 /
110 mm 800 mm 915 g No. 705824 18 / 23 / 24 / 25.
150 mm 200 mm 500 g No. 705825 No. 705813
200 mm 200 mm 530 g No. 705811

Tip: Distribute pressure correctly

Clamps can leave deep pressure marks in the wood during pressing. You
can avoid these unsightly dents by adding allowances. Wooden blocks and
battens distribute the pressure over a larger area and help to distribute the
overall clamping force evenly over the workpieces. Glue the surface that is
in contact with the workpiece during gluing with parcel tape beforehand
to prevent the allowances from sticking to the workpiece. Sometimes it is
difficult to place clamps, allowances and workpieces in the correct position
at the same time. Helpful then are clamps (e.g. Gorilla Clamps), which you
can use to clamp allowances to the workpiece.

36
Jorgensen® One-Handed Clamps
Due to the high clamping pressure of 150 kg, this
sophisticated one-handed clamp is suitable not
only for fixing components but also for glueing.
Even sensitive surfaces can be clamped without
damage with the long, smooth, soft plastic jaws.
In addition to its spreading and clamping func-
tions, the clamp has a patented extension system,
making it possible to join two clamps together
and thus double the jaw opening. Ergonomic
two-component handles with release mechanism.
Jaw depth 80 mm

Jaw opening
300 mm No. 721001
450 mm No. 721002
600 mm No. 721003
900 mm No. 721004

DUBUQUE Aluminium Bar Clamps

These extremely lightweight aluminium glueing clamps
are ideal for quick and comfortable working. Thanks to the
U-shaped hollow section, they are sturdy and stay straight
even under high tension. The movable expansion chuck has
a spring claw which clicks into the carved runner (15 mm
spacing). The quick adjustment ensures a save grip and
one-handed use. Headpieces and spindle made of alumin-
ium. Runner cross-section 22 x 35 mm.

Jaw depth Jaw opening Weight

37 mm 600 mm 0.9 kg No. 707690
37 mm 900 mm 1.1 kg No. 707691
37 mm 1200 mm 1.3 kg No. 707692

Order hotline: Telephone +49 (0)9931 4058-902 • [Link] 37

Pony® Pipe Clamp Fixture Set,
incl. Pipe 1 m
Length according to need:
Robust glueing clamps, optionally with
or without pipe. The tail has a contin-
uous quick multi-plate clutch for rapid
adjustment. Crank handle. Set: Head
and tail castings.

Pipe size / Outer-Ø Jaw depth Weight

½ Inch (21 mm) 38 mm 1.9 kg No. 715465
¾ Inch (27 mm) 42 mm 2.7 kg No. 715466
¾ Inch, with Stand 53 mm 3.4 kg No. 715467

Heavy Duty I-Beam Bar Clamp

Sometimes you need a pressure reserve, e.g. when glueing door frames,
staircases or thick panels. With its rigid I-profile, powerful trapezoid thread
and robust hand crank, this door clamp is a match for the most difficult
challenges. I-profile 85 x 42 x 4 mm, jaws 55 x 85 mm, spindle length
150 mm, jaw opening 1200 mm, weight 14.5 kg.
No. 705827

38
Pony® Tape Tensioner
An ideal clamping aid for picture
frames, shelves, furniture and other
workpieces. The tension is fully
adjustable via an eccentric lever.
Incl. four plastic jaws and 4 m
nylon strap.
Band length 4 m
No. 708908

Multi-Clip
Bonding, presssing and securing:
Patented traction clamp for securing
wooden parts for assembly or glueing,
bundling cables, rods or wires, secur-
ing ladders, posts or pipes, etc. Jaw
opening diameter 12-100 mm, two
or more clamps can be combined to
accommodate larger objects. Made of
high-strength glue-repellent plastic.
Clamping force max. 1 kN.
No. 705870

Order hotline: Telephone +49 (0)9931 4058-902 • [Link] 39

 Pony® Gorilla Spring Clamps,
4-piece Set
These inexpensive glueing clamps
guarantee powerful clamping pres-
sure, yet are extremely lightweight.
Their swivel pressure pads adjust to
the contours of the workpiece, while
their fibre-reinforced arms withstand
heavy-duty use.
Includes:
No. 721032, jaw depth 60 mm
No. 721033, jaw depth 70 mm
No. 721030, jaw depth 30 mm
No. 721031, jaw depth 40 mm
No. 721034

Jorgensen® Handscrew Clamps

High-quality variable-angle wooden clamp.
The jaws can be set parallel or at an angle,
so you can conveniently clamp non-parallel
surfaces as well. Even pressure distribution
without torsion forces. The wooden jaws and
handles are made of seasoned hard maple.
Smooth-running galvanised steel spindles.

Jaw depth Jaw opening Weight

70 mm 75 mm 470 g No. 708928
100 mm 120 mm 810 g No. 708929
120 mm 160 mm 1.40 kg No. 708930

40
Spring Mitre Bracket System
Lightweight spring brackets for quick
and easy assembly of frames and other
wooden constructions. Only one hand
is required to operate the mitre pliers,
so the other hand remains free for
the workpiece. The ends are pointed.
Brackets of hardened spring steel. Set
includes four brackets.
Distance between centres 45 mm
For moulding width 35-50 mm
No. 705741

Kunz® Glue Scraper

For removing dried, excess glue and scraping away extra varnish. Designed for
heavy-duty use. Solid metal handle for two-handed use. High-quality,
double-edged blade (60 HRC). Handle 315 mm.
Blade length 60 mm
No. 703161

Order hotline: Telephone +49 (0)9931 4058-902 • [Link] 41

DICTUM® Glueing Aid
This metal glueing aid facilitates and accelerates the glueing of e.g. boards
or steps. Thanks to the different recesses, body clamps (e.g. No. 720421),
industrial I-bar clamps (e.g. No. 708926), aluminium bar clamps (e.g.
No. 708907) as well as pipe clamp
fixture sets (e.g. No. 708931) with
¾ inch (27 mm) outer diameter
can be used for glueing without
the clamps falling over.
Length 900 mm
No. 746248

Connectors as glueing aids

As joints need to be clamped for glueing, using connectors to position the two
parts to be glued can be helpful. This makes glueing faster and the result is
more precise. In addition, connectors increase the glueing surface and block
movement of the parts in one or more
directions.
Both advantages (larger glueing surface
and positive locking) significantly increase
the strength of the joint. If there is no wood
joint (such as an overleap joint, dovetails
or mortise and tenon ...), connectors are
the means of choice.
However, they can
also be used as an
additional aid.

The simplest option

is to insert wooden dowels. To align the drill holes
exactly on both sides, there are dowel markers
(No. 746241) . In addition,
1
we recommend drill stands
(No. 716149) 2 for the axial 1
alignment of the drill holes.
2

42
 Conical wooden nails are even easier to insert but
remain visible. They can, however, add a decorati-
ve touch to your workpiece.

Japanese Precision Wooden Nail

Tapered Drill Bit For decorative corner, T or L joints
For drilling holes for conical which are exposed to high mechani-
wooden nails and screws. cal loads, conical wooden nails are
Made of HSS, not drifting. the first choice. After pre-drilling
Hexagonal shaft. with an appropriate conical drill, the
Cutting length 35-85 mm nails are put in with a gentle ham-
3,5 mm No. 717520 mer stroke and a little glue. Available
4,7 mm No. 717521 with diameters from 3.5 - 6 mm and
5 mm No. 717522 lengths from 35 - 88 mm
6 mm No. 717523 No. 717524 - 717531

Joining machines and biscuit joiners are ideal for

quickly positioning repeatable connectors.

Festool Joining machine

DOMINO DF 500 Q-Set
More precise joints.
No. 729951

You will find the complete product description at [Link]

or in our catalogue Power Tools & Machines

Order hotline: Telephone +49 (0)9931 4058-902 • [Link] 43

Gluing checklist

Planning
Consider the order in which the parts are to be assembled. Mark the work-
pieces so that their position in the finished piece of furniture is clearly identifi-
able. Do you have a sufficient number of clamps and cauls available? Or would
it be better to glue in several steps? The ideal time for glueing is shortly before
the end of the working day. The bonds can harden overnight, and the work can
be continued the next day.

Preparation
Make room to work! Put away tools that are not required. A workpiece is quick-
ly scratched by a hammer lying around. Make sure you have ready a sufficient
number of all the tools you need, such as glue bottle/brush, cauls, strips and
clamps. Check all of the workpieces again: Are all the holes drilled? All inner
surfaces ground? Do you know where which part belongs? In case of doubt, try
assembling the parts without glue.

Application
Keep windows and doors closed as draughts can cause a film to form on the
glued surface. Strips create a distance between the workpiece and the work-
bench surface, dripping glue does not contaminate the workpiece, and clamps
can be applied and positioned more easily. Cauls distribute the pressure evenly
and prevent pressure marks. For larger workpieces, ask a helper to hold parts.
Initially tighten the clamps with just moderate pressure. Only increase the
pressure when all clamps are correctly positioned. Work quickly and efficiently,
but do not rush. Observe the specified times (pot life, open assembly time,
clamping time, etc.)

44
Checking and corrections
Check all joints for open gaps and increase the clamping pressure of the
clamps if necessary. If a gap does not close despite high pressure (and ham-
mer blows), incorrect dimensions (e.g. tenon length) or contamination maybe
the reason. If this is the case, you must act quickly! Disassemble the affected
parts swiftly and remove the glue immediately. Find the cause and remedy it.
Check that the workpiece is at right angles. Compare the centre-to-centre dis-
tance of the two diagonals in the carcass/frame (a tutorial on how to measure
the centre-to-centre distance can be found on our DICTUM YouTube channel).

After glueing
Do not immediately remove glue which has been squeezed out of the joint with
a cloth or scraper. This could spread the glue over the surface. We recommend
that you let the glue set a little and then carefully cut it away with a knife or
chisel. Sensitive surfaces can be covered with adhesive tape before glueing.
Pay attention to the clamping time. The clamps should only be removed once
the clamping time has passed. Pressure marks made by clamps can usually be
removed by using moisture and heat.

THE MOST IMPORTANT WORKSTEPS AT A GLANCE:

Clearly mark the parts of your workpiece to keep track
(e.g. with a cabinetmaker‘s triangle)
Prepare the required tools
Plan the assembly sequence; if necessary try it out without glue
Close windows and doors
Use strips and cauls
Ask someone to lend you a helping hand when dealing with larger
workpieces
Initially tighten the clamps only with moderate pressure
Observe specified times (open/closed assembly time)
Check joints for open gaps/impurities
Is the workpiece at right angles?
Compare the centre-to-centre distance of the two diagonals in the
carcass/frame
Allow the squeezed out glue to set and cut it off
Do not remove the clamps until the clamping time has passed

Order hotline: Telephone +49 (0)9931 4058-902 • [Link] 45

Heat your workshop!
When it is cold in your workshop not only does your motivation suffer,
but also your materials. While professionals heat their workshop
with a wood or pellet stove during the colder season, many hobby
craftspeople do without heating their garage or cellar. This can have
disastrous consequences!

Keeping workpieces at the right

temperature
Wood reacts relatively strongly to
fluctuations in humidity and tem-
perature by changing its dimensions.
In damp, cold rooms it expands, in
warm and dry rooms it shrinks.
The workshop should therefore have
conditions which are as similar as
possible to the rooms in which the
furniture will later be used.
This is even more important for
built-in parts than for free-standing As the water contracts and freezes,
furniture. If you store your wood in the even distribution of the PVAc
another room, you should bring it to particles is lost and the PVAc forms
your workshop at least one day before larger polymer lumps. As a result, the
processing so that it can adapt. glue loses its adhesiveness. Glues
If you join woods with different tem- that have been stored below 5 °C can
peratures and moisture content, the usually no longer be used. Always
parts can dry out to different degrees observe the processing temperature
and cracks and warping can occur. specifications on the glue containers.

Glue suffers Rechargeable batteries

The most commonly used glues are lose their power
PVAc dispersion glues. In a disper- Older machine batteries in particular
sion, substances are not dissolved in suffer in low temperature conditions.
a liquid, but very finely distributed. In modern lithium-ion batteries, the
With most white glues the PVAc resin ions move back and forth between
is dispersed in water, i.e. distributed. the cathode and anode in an
Water and synthetic resin react differ- electrolyte liquid. As temperatures
ently to low temperatures. fall, this electrolyte liquid becomes

46
increasingly viscous. The ions can heat your workshop permanently,
only move slowly in it. The result is you should at least store sensitive
a voltage drop of the battery up to a materials and equipment, along with
sudden deep discharge, which can battery-powered devices, in a heated
permanently damage the battery. room or air-conditioned cabinet.
Then, all you need to do is bring the
Store sensitive items in a warm place workshop to a comfortable tempera-
If you do not want to or cannot ture before starting work.

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