Geometry Notes Name: ________________________ Block: __

Introduction to Transformations

Transformations
Transformation- changes the position, shape, or size of a figure on a coordinate plane.
Types of transformations: translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations.
Preimage- the original figure
Image- the resulting figure.
Isometric- transformations that are congruent; rotations, reflections, and translations are isometric.
Congruent- same size, shape, and angle measure.
Translations
- A transformation in which each point of a figure moves the same ________ in the same ________.
- In a translation, the pre-image & image are ________.
- The corresponding angles have the ________ measurement.
- The corresponding sides have the ______ measurement
Rule: 𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘)

Ex.1 Translating Points.

Pre-Image A(8,8) B(8,3) C(4,3)

Image A’(____,____) B’(____,____) C’(____,____)

(x + 5, y + 2)
In word, describe the translation.

Ex.2 Finding the Pre-image.

Pre-Image Q(____,____) R(____,____) S(____,____)

Image Q’(3,2) R’(3,1) S’(2,1)

(x + 4, y + 3)

Ex.3 Translating in the Coordinate Plane.

Translate the figure down 2 right 7.

Pre-Image A(___,___) B(___,___) C(___,___)

Image A’(___,___) B’(___,___) C’(___,___)

Write a rule for the transformation:

Graph the new image.

Ex.4 Translating points onto themselves.

Determine how to translate triangle A'B'C' to How is trapezoid ABCD translated to trapezoid
triangle ABC. A'B'C'D'?
Reflections
- A transformation in which each point of a figure is reflected in a line, called the line of reflection.
- In a reflection, the pre-image & image are ________.
- The corresponding angles have the ________ measurement.
- The corresponding sides have the ________ measurement.

Ex.1 Reflecting across the x-axis. Rule: 𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦),
Pre-Image A(-1, -3) B(-4,0) C(-1,5)

Image A’(____,____) B’(____,____) C’(____,____)

Ex.2 Reflecting across the y-axis. Rule: 𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦)

Pre-Image A(4,-6) B(2,1) C(4,0)

Image A’(____,____) B’(____,____) C’(____,____)

Ex.3 Reflecting across y = x.

Pre-Image A(___,___) B(___,___) C(___,___)

Image A’(___,___) B’(___,___) C’(___,___)

Rule: 𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (____, ____)

Graph the new image.

Ex.4 Reflecting in the Coordinate Plane.

Reflect across y = 1 Reflect across x = 2

Pre- A(__,__) B(__,__) C(__,__) Pre- A(__,__) B(__,__) C(__,__)

Image Image
Image A’(__,__) B’(__,__) C’(__,__) Image A’(__,__) B’(__,__) C’(__,__)
Rotations
- A transformation in which the figure is turned through a given angle, called the angle of rotation, and
in a given direction about a fixed point, called the point of rotation.
- In a rotation, the pre-image & image are ________.
- The corresponding angles have the ________ measurement.
- The corresponding sides have the ________ measurement.

Ex.1 Look at the graph below. Record the coordinate pairs for the pre-image. Using the pre-image
points, create three new rotated images.

Pre-Image A(____,____) B(____,____) C(____,____)

90𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 A’(____,____) B’(____,____) C’(____,____)

180𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 A’’(____,____) B’’(____,____) C’’(____,____)

270𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 A’’’(____,____) B’’’(____,____) C’’’(____,____)

360𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 A’’’(____,____) B’’’’(____,____) C’’’’(____,____)

Counterclockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___) 𝑅360𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___)

Clockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___) 𝑅360𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (___, ___)
Dilations
- In a dilation, we are enlarging and reducing the pre-image
- Dilations are not isometric.
- In a dilation, the pre-image & image are ________.
- The corresponding angles have the ________ measurement.
- The corresponding sides are ________.
- The scale factor, represented by k, is what we multiply our points by.

Rule: 𝐷𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦)

Ex.1 Dilating Points.

Pre-Image A(-2,4) B(-3,2) C(0,0)

Image A’(____,____) B’(____,____) C’(____,____)

K=5
Is the dilation a reduction, enlargement, or the same? Why?

Ex.2 Dilating Points.

Pre-Image Q(1,-2) R(-2,-4) S(4,-3)

Image Q’(____,____) R’(____,____) S’(____,____)

K= ½
Is the dilation a reduction, enlargement, or the same? Why?

Ex.3 Determine the scale factor used in the figures below.

 Transformation Rules Transformation Rules

𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘) 𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘)

𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦) 𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦)
𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥) 𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥)
𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦) 𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦)

Counterclockwise Rotation Rules Counterclockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥)

Clockwise Rotation Rules Clockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥)

Transformation Rules Transformation Rules

𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘) 𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘)

𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦) 𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦)
𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥) 𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥)
𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦) 𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦)

Counterclockwise Rotation Rules Counterclockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥)

Clockwise Rotation Rules Clockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥)

Transformation Rules Transformation Rules

𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘) 𝑇ℎ,𝑘 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑘)

𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦) 𝑟𝑥−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑥, −𝑦)
𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑟𝑦−𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (−𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥) 𝑟𝑦=𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑦, 𝑥)
𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦) 𝑘(𝑥, 𝑦) → (𝑘 ∙ 𝑥, 𝑘 ∙ 𝑦)

Counterclockwise Rotation Rules Counterclockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (𝑦, −𝑥)

Clockwise Rotation Rules Clockwise Rotation Rules

𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅90𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅180𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑅270𝑜 (𝑥, 𝑦)
→ (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥) → (𝑦, −𝑥) → (−𝑥, −𝑦) → (−𝑦, 𝑥)
Symmetry
Rotational Symmetry - a shape has Rotational Symmetry when it still looks the same after
some rotation (of less than one full turn).

Line Symmetry – is a line separating a figure into two halves that are mirror images.
Triangles
- Folding Test: when the folded part sits perfectly on top, then the fold line is a line of symmetry

Scalene – All of the sides are Isosceles – two of the sides are Equilateral – all sides are equal
different lengths. equal.

Quadrilaterals - a shape with 4 sides

Regular Polygons - have all sides equal and all angles equal
Onto
Sequences