1. A block attached to a spring is suspended vertically.
If the block is
pushed 7 cm upward from the equilibrium position and released
at t = 0. The mass of the block is 5 kg and the spring constant is k
= 22 N/m. i) Calculate the potential energy at x = 3 cm. ii) Calculate
the kinetic energy at the same position.
2. Suppose a spring block-system starts moving from the
equilibrium as we apply force on it. The block has mass m = 6.4 kg
and is designed to oscillate with angular frequency ω = 56 rads-1
with amplitude 15 cm.
Calculate: i) the kinetic energy at x = 14 cm from the equilibrium
point, ii) mathematically calculate the position where the kinetic
energy is 0.
3. A particle with mass 50 g executes simple harmonic motion given
𝝅
by the equation 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟏𝟎𝒕 − ). Calculate the i) velocity and
𝟒
acceleration at 𝒕 = 𝟓𝒔 ii) Potential energy and total energy at
𝒕 = 𝟑𝒔.
(i)
(ii)
𝜋
Comparing the given equation 𝑦 = sin (10𝑡 − ) with standard SHM
4
equation 𝑦 = 𝐴si n(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑), we get, 𝐴 = 1 m and 𝜔 = 10𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
𝜋
Displacement at 𝑡 = 3𝑠, 𝑦 = si n (10 × 3 − ) = −0.81𝑚
4
Potential energy at 𝑡 = 3𝑠
1 1 1
𝐸𝑝 = 𝑘𝑥 2 = 𝜔2 𝑚𝑥 2 = × 102 × 0.05 × (−0.81)2 = 1.64 J
2 2 2
Total/mechanical energy at 𝑡 = 3𝑠
1 1 1
𝐸 = 𝑘𝐴2 = 𝜔2 𝑚𝐴2 = × 102 × 0.05 × 12 = 2.5 J
2 2 2
4. Suppose a spring block-system move between top and bottom
point of a tall building as a moving mass. The block has mass m =
5.7×103 kg and designed to oscillate at frequency f = 50 Hz with
amplitude A = 15 cm.
Calculate: i) the potential energy at the equilibrium point, ii) the
block speed as it passes through the equilibrium point, iii) the
maximum acceleration of the spring block-system.
5. A body of mass 300 gm is attached with a spring of spring constant
5000 dynes/cm. The body is displaced by 7 cm from its
equilibrium position and released. Then the body executes SHM.
Calculate the i) frequency, ii) angular frequency, iii) total energy
of the mass spring system.
6. Suppose the block has 𝑚=2.75×105 𝑘𝑔 and is designed to oscillate
at frequency 𝑓=10.0 𝐻𝑧 and amplitude 𝐴=20.0 𝑐𝑚. i) What is the
total energy 𝐸 of the spring-block system? ii) What is the 𝐾𝐸 and
𝑃𝐸 at 𝑥=10 𝑐𝑚 iii) At what position 𝐾𝐸=𝑃𝐸?
7. An oscillating block has kinetic energy equal to potential energy
of 25 𝐽 (𝐾𝐸=𝑃𝐸= 25 𝐽) when the block is at 𝑥=+0.50 𝑚. i) What is
the amplitude of oscillation? ii) What is the kinetic energy when
the block is 𝑥=0?
ii. We know, at 𝑥=0, potential energy is 0 and kinetic energy is equal
to total energy = 25 J + 25 J = 50 J
8.
The adjacent graph shows the
displacement of a mass spring
system. If the mass of the mass
spring system is 40 g.
(i) Calculate the displacement
at t = 20 s.
(ii) Calculate the initial
potential energy.
(iii) Calculate the kinetic
energy at t = 4.5 s.
2𝜋 2𝜋
(i) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴 cos 𝜔𝑡 From figure, 𝜔 = 𝑇 = 0.5 = 4𝜋
x(t) = 0.5 cos 4𝜋𝑡 𝐴 = 0.5𝑚
Displacement at 𝑡 = 20𝑠
𝑥 = 0.5 cos(4𝜋 × 20)
= 0.5𝑚
(ii) The initial potential energy, Here,
1 𝜔 = 4𝜋
𝐸𝑝 = 𝑘𝑥 2 𝑚 = 40𝑔 = 0.04𝑘𝑔
2
1 𝑥
= 𝜔2 𝑚𝑥 2 = 0.5𝑚(𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑛𝑒𝑡
2
1 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒)
= (4𝜋)2 × 0.04 × 0.52
2
= 0.79J
(iii) Here,
𝑥(𝑡) = 0.5 cos 4𝜋𝑡
𝑑𝑥
𝑣(𝑡) =
𝑑𝑡 The kinetic energy at 𝑡 = 4.5𝑠,
1
𝑑 𝐸𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣 2
𝑣(𝑡) = [0.5 cos 4𝜋𝑡] 2
𝑑𝑡 1
= × 0.04 × 02
𝑣(𝑡) = −0.5 × 4𝜋 sin 4𝜋𝑡 2
= 0J
𝑣(𝑡) = −2𝜋 sin 4𝜋𝑡
Velocity at 𝑡 = 4.5𝑠
𝑣(𝑡) = −2𝜋 sin(4𝜋 × 4.5)
= 0𝑚/𝑠
9. Show that for a particle executing SHM, the instantaneous
𝟐𝑬
velocity is 𝒗 = 𝝎√𝑨𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 and the maximum velocity is √ ,
𝒎
where symbols have their usual meanings.
10. Show that, for a mass spring system with the equation of
displacement 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕, the potential and kinetic energy
depends on time while total energy is time independent. [ Use
equations and graphical figures to justify your answer]
Comparing the given equation (𝑥 = 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡) with 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡 implies,
𝜔 = 1𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 and 𝐴 = 1𝑚
1 1 1
Potential energy, 𝐸𝑝 = 2 𝑘𝑥 2 = 2 𝑘(5cost)2 = 2 25𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡
1 1
= 25𝜔2 𝑚𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 = 25 × 12 × 𝑚𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡
2 2
= 12.5𝑚𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡
This indicates P.E. depends on time.
2𝜋 2𝜋
To plot potential energy vs time, we need to calculate time period, 𝑇 = = = 2𝜋𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝜔 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑣= = −5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑡
1
Kinetic energy, 𝐸𝑘 = 2 𝑚𝑣 2
1
= 25𝑚𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡
2
= 12.5𝑚𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡
This indicates K.E. depends on time.
1 1 1
Total energy, E = P.E. + K.E. =2 25𝑚𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 + 2 25𝑚𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 = 2 25𝑚(𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡) = 12.5𝑚J
This shows that total energy time-independent.