Chapter 6: Reproduction

Class 10th Subject: Biology

Section I: Multiple Choice Questions ( MCQ's)
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (C) 8. (B)

9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (D)

Section II: Short Answers Questions

[Link] is primary purpose of reproduction in living organisms?

Ans: The primary purpose of reproduction in living organisms is to ensure the

continuation and survival of species. Through reproduction, organisms pass on their
genetic material to next generation, allowing for the maintenance of population
numbers, adaptation to changing environments through genetic variation (especially in
sexual reproduction) and the overall persistence of life over time.

2. What are two main types of reproduction?

Ans. The two main types of reproduction are:

a) Asexual reproduction. B) Sexual reproduction

3. At what stage of human development does the reproductive system

becomes functional?

Ans: The human reproductive system becomes functional at puberty when hormonal
changes trigger the ability to reproduce. Typically it happens between ages 8-13 in girls
and 9-14 in boys.

4. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of male

secondary sexual characteristics?

Ans: The hormone primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sexual
characteristics is testosterone. It is produced mainly by the testes and leads changes
such as a deeper voice, facial and body hair growth and increased muscle mass during
puberty.

5. What role do Sertoli cells play in male reproductive system?

Ans. Sertoli cells support and nourish developing sperm in the testes from the blood-
testis barrier and help regulate sperm production through hormone secretion.

6. Which hormone is essential for spermatogenesis and acts on Sertoli cells?

Ans: The hormone essential for spermatogenesis that acts on Sertoli cells is Follicle-
Stimulating Hormone (FSH). It stimulates Sertoli cells to support sperm development
and produce androgen-binding protein, which helps maintain high testosterone levels in
the testes.
7. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of female
secondary sexual characteristics?

Ans: The hormone primarily responsible for the development of female secondary
sexual characteristics is Estrogen. Estrogen promotes changes such as development of
breasts, widening of the hips and the regulation of menstrual cycle during puberty.

8. What triggers ovulation female reproductive cycle?

Ans: Ovulation in the female reproductive cycle is triggered by a surge in Luteinizing

hormone (LH). The surge occurs around the middle of menstrual cycle following a rise
in follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH) . The LH surge causes the mature follicle to
release egg from the ovary, a process known as ovulation.

9. Where is progesterone produced in female reproductive system after

ovulation?

Ans. After ovulation, progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum, which forms
from the ruptured follicle in the ovary. Progesterone helps prepare the uterine lining for
possible implantation of a fertilized egg. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum
degenerates leading to a drop in progesterone and the onset of menstruation.

10. What is the term for the process of sperm cell production?:

Ans. The process of sperm cell production is called spermatogenesis. It occurs in the
seminiferous tubules of the testes and involves the development of spermatogonia
into mature sperm cells ( spermatozoa).

11. In which part of the male reproductive system does spermatogenesis

occur?

Ans. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. These tubules
are where sperm cells are produced and matured before being transported through the
male reproductive system.

12. Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

Ans. Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes (also known as uterine tubes)
of the female reproductive system. The sperm meets the egg in the ampulla region of
the fallopian tube, where fertilization usually takes place.

13. What is the genetic outcome of offspring produced through asexual

reproduction?

Ans. The genetic outcome of offspring produced through asexual reproduction is that the
offspring are genetically identical to the parent. This is because asexual reproduction
involves only one parent and the offspring inherit the same genetic material (DNA) as
the parent resulting in clones.

14. What role does the scrotum play in the reproductive system of a male
rabbit?
Ans. The scrotum in male rabbit plays a crucial role in regulating the temperature of
testes. It holds the testes outside the body cavity, providing a cooler environment that
is essential for spermatogenesis (sperm production ). The scrotum helps maintain
optimal temperature for sperm development , typically a few degrees cooler than the
body temperature

15. Which part of the female reproductive system in rabbits is typical site for
fertilization?

Ans. In female rabbits, fertilization typically occurs in the oviducts (fallopian

tubes).Specifically, it happens in ampulla , the wider section of the oviduct where the
egg meets the sperm after ovulation.

Section III: Extensive Answer Questions

1. Explain the role of hormones in male sexual development, detailing the
specific functions of testosterone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone ( FSH).
How do these hormones interact to regulate spermatogenesis?

Ans : Marked on book ( page # 79)

Topic 6.1.1: Male Sexual Development

In males , the hormones responsible……………………. early stages of sperm production.

2. Compare and contrast the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.

Ans: Comparison and contrast of processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Feature Spermatogenesis Oogenesis

Location Seminiferous tubules of the Ovaries
testes
Begins At puberty, continues Begins during feral
throughout life development, resumes at
puberty
Gamete Produced Four functional sperm cell One functional egg ( Ovum)
per precursor cell and three polar bodies
Duration 64-72 days for sperm Takes years for the process
maturation to complete, eggs mature
monthly
Number of Gametes Four sperm per primary One egg per primary
spermatocyte oocyte, with three polar
bodies
Meiotic Divisions Two meiotic divisions Two meiotic divisions with
Meiosis I and II unequal cytokinesis
Cytokinesis Equal cytokinesis, dividing Unequal cytokinesis, most
cytoplasm equally cytoplasm goes to egg
Timing of release Continuous sperm One egg is released per
production menstrual cycle
Completion of Completes after two Meiosis II completes only
Meiosis meiotic divisions after fertilization
3. Discuss the process of fertilization in humans, explaining the significance of
internal versus external fertilization. How does fertilization restore the diploid
chromosome number?

Ans:

4. Outlines the key steps involves in the sexual reproduction, using the rabbit
as an example to describe the male and female reproductive systems,
fertilization and subsequent development.

Ans: Page # 84 to 86. Topic : 6.3.2: Mechanism of Sexual Reproduction in Animals

Sexual Reproduction is the common way………………….. rabbit is a viviparous animal.

5. Describe the mechanisms of asexual reproduction in animals. Provide

examples of binary fission………..reproduction of organisms.

Ans:Page # 82 to 84 ( 6.3 .1: Mechanism of Asexual Reproduction in Animals)

Asexual Reproduction is a type .............. some species of insects (like bees)..

6. Explain the process of sex determination……………. In the development of

male sex organs.

Ans: Page # 86 ( 6.4: Sex determination in Humans)

Sex determination means……………… baby will be a male.

7. Discuss the difference between viviparous………………. Are adapted to their

environments.

Ans:

[Link] the significance of gametogenesis in sexual reproduction…………

survival and evolution of species.

Section IV: SLO's Based Questions:

Q1: Male individual is called Sex Determinator. Why?

Ans: Marked on book ( page # 87)

Topic 6.4.3: The probability of a son or a daughter to be born

The probability ( chance ) …………is called Sex Determinator.

Q2: Critically examine the process of development in different organisms.

Ans: .Book page # 82 ( For your information)

Development is the process………..(e.g. sharks ‘ rays).

Q3: Evaluate the process of fertilization including its types.

Ans: Book Page # 82 ( Topic 6.2.2: Fertilization)

Fertilization is the union………….. external fertilization.

Q4: Differentiate between internal fertilization and external fertilization.

Ans: .Book page # 82 ( Table 6.1: Difference between internal fertilization and external
fertilization)

Q5:

Ans: Antigens are markers that indicate a threat like a bacteria or virus has entered your
body. Antigens are present on surface of all cells.

Q6: Which organ has the key role in first line of defence?

Ans: Skin is the largest organ of human body and plays a key role in first line of defence.

Q7: What do you know about lymphoid organs?

Ans: Bone marrow, lymph nodes and vessels , spleen , liver , tonsils and adenoids are
lymphoid organs . These are connected to lymphatic system.

Q8: What is Vaccination/ Immunization?

Ans: Vaccination/Immunization:

Vaccination or immunization is the process of introducing a vaccine into the body to

stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies and immune cells that can
recognize and fight specific diseases.

Q9: Why vaccines are used?

Ans: Vaccines are used to

1. Prevent disease: Vaccines help prevent infectious diseases.

2. Build immunity: Vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies.

3. Protect communities: Widespread vaccination helps prevent disease outbreaks.

Q10: How vaccines work?

Ans: 1. Vaccine introduction: A vaccine is introduced into the body.

2. Immune response: The immune system responds by producing antibodies.

3. Disease protection: The body becomes protected against future infections.

Vaccination is a crucial tool in preventing infectious diseases and protecting public

health.

Q11: What is a vaccine?

Ans: Vaccine is a small piece of harmless or weakened ( dead or half killed ) pathogens
( antigen) that is introduced into the body to trigger a specific immune response . This
response prepares the immune system to recognize and fight future infections. The
process of administering vaccines into body is called vaccination.