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Trigonometry Formulas

The document presents trigonometric identities using complex exponentials, including power identities for sine and cosine, multiple-angle formulas, and tangent power representations. It also provides simplified forms for sine and cosine powers and introduces standard multiple-angle representations using Chebyshev polynomials. These identities are essential for various applications in mathematics and engineering.

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gamesonsteam124
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22 views2 pages

Trigonometry Formulas

The document presents trigonometric identities using complex exponentials, including power identities for sine and cosine, multiple-angle formulas, and tangent power representations. It also provides simplified forms for sine and cosine powers and introduces standard multiple-angle representations using Chebyshev polynomials. These identities are essential for various applications in mathematics and engineering.

Uploaded by

gamesonsteam124
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Trigonometric Identities via Complex Exponentials

1. Power Identities (Complex Exponential Form)


Power of Cosine
m  
m 1 X m i(2k−m)θ
cos θ = m e
2 k
k=0

Power of Sine
m  
 m X
i m
sinm θ = (−1) k e i(2k−m)θ
2 k
k=0
—

2. Multiple-Angle Formulas
Cosine Multiple Angle (Factorized Form)
m−1  
m−1
Y (2h + 1)π
cos(mθ) = 2 cos θ −
2m
h=0

Sine Multiple Angle (Exponential Sum)


m
X
sin(mθ) = 2i sin θ e iθ(m−2k+1)
k=1
—

3. Tangent Power (Fourier Ratio Form)


Pm k m
 i(2k)θ
m k=0 (−1) k e
m
tan θ = i Pm m i(2k)θ
k=0 k e
—

4. Simplified (Real) Forms


Simplified Power of Cosine
⌊m/2⌋  
1 X m
cosm θ =

m
cos (m − 2k)θ
2 k
k=0

1
Simplified Power of Sine
⌊m/2⌋  
m 1 X k m
 mπ 
sin θ = m (−1) cos (m − 2k)θ −
2 k 2
k=0

5. Standard Multiple-Angle Representation


cos(mθ) = Tm (cos θ) sin(mθ) = sin θ Um−1 (cos θ)
where Tm and Um denote the Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kind.
—

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