STATISTICS (6-7 marks)
sum of all observations ∑f𝑖 x𝑖
Mean = , 𝒙̅ =
Total no of observations. ∑f𝑖
Sum of all observations = (mean) x (total no. of observations).
𝑛(𝑛+1)
The mean of the first n natural numbers = 2𝑛
When each observation in a data is increased/decreased by a constant value, the mean of the data also
increases/decreases by that same constant value.
When each observation in a dataset is multiple/divide by a constant value, the mean of the data also
multiple/divide by that same constant value.
∑f𝑖 d𝑖
Mean by Assumed Mean Method = 𝑎 + , where a = Assumed Mean and 𝑑𝑖= 𝑥𝑖−𝑎
∑f𝑖
∑f𝑖 u𝑖 x𝑖 −𝑎
Mean by Step Deviation Method = 𝑎 + x h, where 𝑢𝑖 =
∑f𝑖 h
• No need of continuous class interval, equal class width.
Median – middle most value
Median for ungrouped data: - Arrange the given observations in ascending or descending order.
𝑛+1
(i). If ‘n’ is odd, median = 2 th observation.
𝑛 𝑛
𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛+( +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(ii). If ‘n’ is even, median = 2 2
2
𝑁
−𝑐𝑓
Median for grouped Data = 𝑙 + 2 𝑓 × ℎ
l = 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
Median class = the corresponding class in which the cumulative frequency is just greater than N/2.
f = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
cf = 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
ℎ = 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠s.
Mode: The most frequently repeated observation.
[ 𝑓1−𝑓0
Mode = 𝑙+ ×ℎ
2 𝑓1−𝑓0−𝑓2
l = 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠.
Modal class is the one with highest frequency.
f1=𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑓0=𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
f2=𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
ℎ=𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
• For finding median, mode - the class interval should be continuous. If not, make it continuous.
Empirical formula, 3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean
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1. After an examination, a teacher wants to know the marks obtained by maximum number of the
students in her class. She requires to calculate _____ of marks.
(A) median (B) mode (C) mean (D) range [mode]
2. The mean of five observations is 15. If the mean of first three observations is 14 and that of the last
three observations is 17, then the third observation is
(A) 20 (B) 19 (C) 18 (D) 17
3. If the difference of mode and median of a data is 24, then the difference of its median and mean is :
(A) 12 (B) 24 (C) 8 (D) 36
4. In a test, the marks obtained by100 students(outof50) are given below:
Find the mean, median and mode marks of the students.
5. 250 apples of a box were weighed and the distribution of masses of the apples is given in the following
table:
(i) Find the value of x and the mean mass of the apples.
(ii) Find the modal mass of the apples.
6. An age-wise list of number of literate people in a block is prepared in the following table. There are total
100 people and their median age is 41.5 years. Information about two groups are missing, which are
denoted by x and y. Find the value of x and y.
7. Mode of the following 30 observations is 175. Find the values of the missing frequencies x and y.
8. The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality. The mean daily
pocket allowance is Rs 36.10. Find the missing frequency, f.
9. From the table, answer the following questions:
From the above answer the following questions:
(i) What is the lower limit of the modal class of the above data?
(ii) Find the median class of the above data.
(iii) Find the number of participants of age less than 50years who undergo vocational training
(iv) Give the empirical relationship between mean, median and mode.
10. In a test, the marks obtained by100 students(outof50) are given below:
Find the mean marks of the students.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Find the mean of all factors of 10.
12. Find the mean of first 5 prime numbers.
13. If the mean of five observations x, x + 2, x + 4, x+ 6, x + 8 is 11, find the mean of first three
observations.
14. ∑fi= 15, ∑xifi=3p + 36 and mean of any distribution is 3, then find p.
15. Find the mean of the following frequency distribution:
16. Find the value of p, if the mean of the following distribution is 7.5.
17. The mean of the following data is 53, find the missing frequencies.
18. Find the median of the following data :
5 , 17 , 23 , 14 , 29 , 11 , 43 , 13 , 53 , 36 .
If 13, 23 replaceby72, 49. What will be the new median?
19. The following table shows age distribution of persons in a particular region. Find the
median age.
20. Find the median from the following data:
21. If the median of the following frequency distribution is 46. Find the missing frequency.
Variable 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 Total
F: 12 30 P 65 q 25 18 229
22. Find the mode of the following data. 15, 22, 17, 19, 22, 17, 29, 24, 17, 15
23. For what value of x the mode of the following data is 8?
24. For the following distribution:
25. Calculate the mode of the following frequency distribution table:
26. The mode of the following data is 36. find the missing frequency x in it.
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
Frequency 8 10 x 16 12 6 7
27. The median and mode of a distribution are 21.2 and 21.4 respectively find its mean.