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Drying

The document outlines several problems related to humidity, drying time prediction, air flow rate calculations, heat energy requirements for drying, and drying conditions for a biological material. It includes specific scenarios with given temperatures, pressures, moisture contents, and heat transfer parameters to solve for various drying-related metrics. Each problem requires the application of analytical equations and principles of thermodynamics and heat transfer.

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Elle Endez
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7 views2 pages

Drying

The document outlines several problems related to humidity, drying time prediction, air flow rate calculations, heat energy requirements for drying, and drying conditions for a biological material. It includes specific scenarios with given temperatures, pressures, moisture contents, and heat transfer parameters to solve for various drying-related metrics. Each problem requires the application of analytical equations and principles of thermodynamics and heat transfer.

Uploaded by

Elle Endez
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem Solving

[Link] from Vapor Pressure. The air in a room is at 37.8°C and a total pressure of

101.3 kPa abs containing water vapor with a partial pressure pA = 3.59 kPa. Calculate:

1. Humidity.

2. Saturation humidity and percentage humidity.

3. Percentage relative humidity.

2. Prediction of Drying Time. A material was dried in a tray-type batch dryer using

constant-drying conditions. When the initial free moisture content was 0.28 kg free

moisture/kg dry solid, 6.0 h was required to dry the material to a free moisture content of

0.08 kg free moisture/kg dry solid. The critical free moisture content is 0.14. Assuming a

drying rate in the falling-rate region, where the rate is a straight line from the critical

point to the origin, predict the time to dry a sample from a free moisture content of 0.33

to 0.04 kg free moisture/kg dry solid. (Hint: First use the analytical equations for the

constant-rate and the linear falling-rate periods with the known total time of 6.0 h. Then

use the same equations for the new conditions.)

3. 1000 kg/hr of dried product (4% moisture) is produced in a spray dryer. The atmospheric air
at 30 °C and 40 % RH is heated to 190 °C and it is exhausted at 80 °C . The concentrated milk

having 45% TS by weight. Feed temperature of concentrated milk is 30 °C. The dried product

comes out at 50°C. Heat losses from the dryer is 104675 kJ/h. Find out the air flow rate

required.

4. A food containing 80% water is to be dried at 100C down to moisture content of 10%. If the

initial temperature of the food is 21°C, calculate the quantity of heat energy required per unit
weight of the original material, for drying under atmospheric pressure. The latent heat of

vaporization of water at 100°C and at standard atmospheric pressure is 2257kJ/kg^-1 . The

specific heat capacity of the food is 3.8 kJ/kg^-1°C^-1 and of water is 4.186 kJ/kg^-1°C^-1 . Find

also the energy requirement/kg water remove

5. A granular biological material wet with water is being dried in a pan of 0.305 x 0.305 m and

38.1 mm deep. The material is 38.1 mm deep in the pan, which is insulated on the sides and the

bottom. Heat transfer is by convection from an air stream flowing parallel to the top surface at a

velocity of 3.05 m/s, having a temperature of 65.6°C and humidity H = 0.010 kg h2O/kg dry air.

The top surfaces receives radiation from steam-heated pipes whose surface temperature

T R =93.3 ° C . The emissivity of the solid is ε =0.95 . It is desired to keep the surface temperature

of the solid below 32.2°C so that decomposition will be kept low. Calculate the surface

temperature and the rate of drying for the constant-rate period.

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