COMMON

LABORATORY

EQUIPMENT
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Name Image Uses

1. Volumetric Flask
A volumetric flask is used to
measure very precisely one
specific volume of liquid (100
mL, 250 mL, etc., depending
on which flask you use). This
flask is used to accurately
prepare a solution of known
concentration.

2. Test tube

Test tubes are used primarily

for qualitative observations of
biological, biochemical, or
chemical reactions.

3. Burette
Burette, also spelled buret,
laboratory apparatus used in
quantitative chemical analysis
to measure the volume of a
liquid or a gas. It consists of a
graduated glass tube with a
stopcock (turning plug, or
spigot) at one end.
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4. Microscope

Microscope, instrument that

produces enlarged images of
small objects, allowing the
observer an exceedingly close
view of minute structures at a
scale convenient for
examination and analysis.

5. Test tube holder

A test tube holder is used to

hold test tubes. It is used for
holding a test tube in place
when the tube is hot or should
not be touched.

6. Büchner funnel
A piece of scientific equipment
called a büchner funnel is
used to filter or separate a
liquid from a solid. It is
commonly assumed that it is
named after Nobel Laureate
Eduard Buchner, but it is
officially named after industrial
chemist Ernst Büchner.

7. Magnifying glass

They are widely used for daily

simple tasks, such as for
reading small texts. Or for
scientific tasks like studying
microscopic organisms.
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8. Florence flask It is used as a container to hold

liquids. A Florence flask has a
round body, a long neck, and
often a flat bottom. It is
designed for uniform heating,
boiling, distillation and ease of
swirling; it is produced in a
number of different glass
thicknesses to stand different
types of use.

9. Round-bottom flask

Specifically shaped for

uniform heat distribution, the
round bottom flasks are used
for distillation, chemical
reactions, heating liquid
sample, and storage
demands.

10. Crucible tongs Crucible tongs function is

widely found in a science
laboratory equipment or
industrial equipment to handle
a hot crucible, evaporating
dishes, flasks, small beakers
or other items which have a
high temperature or contain
potentially dangerous
materials which cannot be
touched with bare hands.
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11. Evaporating dish

Evaporating Dishes are
glassware containers used for
laboratory testing. They are
used for the evaporation of
liquids and solutions to
produce a solid substance or
concentrated solutions.
Dishes have a shallow flat
round surface to promote
evaporation.

12. dropper

They are used in the

laboratory and also to
dispense small amounts of
liquid medicines. A very
common use was to dispense
eye drops into the eye.

13. Centrifuges
Centrifuges are used in
various laboratories to
separate fluids, gases, or
liquids based on density. In
research and clinical
laboratories, centrifuges are
often used for cell, organelle,
virus, protein, and nucleic acid
purification.

14. Test Tube Racks

A test tube rack is a piece of
laboratory equipment used to
hold multiple test tubes upright
at the same time. They are
especially useful for
organizing test tubes when
different solutions are being
worked on or collected at
once.
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15. Spatula

Spatulas are an everyday

necessity in materials testing
for mixing, lifting, and handling
powders, granular materials,
and other solids, as well as for
stirring or mixing liquids and
other wet products.

16. Mortar and pestle

The use of mortar and pestle

is to grind, mesh or crush
various ingredients. One of the
key applications and use of
mortar and pestle is to
transform ingredients into fine
powder and paste.

17. Erlenmeyer flask

Erlenmeyer flasks are used to

contain liquids and for mixing,
heating, cooling, incubation,
filtration, storage, and other
liquid-handling processes.

18. Thermometer
A laboratory thermometer is
used to measure the boiling
point and freezing point during
science experiments. It is also
used to measure the
temperature of substances. It
measures temperature
ranging between -10 degree
Celsius and 110 degree
Celsius.
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19. Funnel

To channel liquids or
finegrained substances into
containers with a small
opening. Used for pouring
liquids or powder through a
small opening and for holding
the filter paper in filtration.

20. measuring cylinder

Used to measure the volume

of a liquids, chemicals or
solutions during the lab daily
work. Graduated cylinders are
more precise and accurate
than the common laboratory
flasks and beakers.

21. Hot plates

Hotplates and hotplate stirrers

are benchtop laboratory tools
that are used to heat evenly
and mix various types of
liquids and solutions.

22. Pipettes
Whether manual or electronic,
the main function of lab
pipettes is to extract, transport
and dispense liquid samples.
Air displacement pipettes are
the most commonly used
model, with an air cushion
used to create a vacuum and
draw liquid into the chamber.
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23. Bunsen burner

It is used to heat substances,

to combust substances, and to
sterilize objects on high heat.

24. Beaker
Beakers are useful as a
reaction container or to hold
liquid or solid samples. They
are also used to catch liquids
from titrations and filtrates
from filtering operations.
Laboratory Burners are
sources of heat.

25. Stirring rod

Stirring rod in science are

used to blend or mix mostly
chemical components
together. Or to assist in poring
and manipulating.

26. Micropipette

Micropipettes are commonly

used in microbiology,
chemistry, and medical labs to
ensure accurate and precise
specimen transmission.
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27. Reagent bottle

The Reagent Bottles, also

known as media bottles, are
used to store chemicals in
liquid or powder form. They
are generally made up of glass
or plastic.

28. Laboratory flask Flasks can be used for making

solutions or for holding,
containing, collecting, or
sometimes volumetrically
measuring chemicals,
samples, solutions, etc. for
chemical reactions or other
processes such as mixing,
heating, cooling, dissolving,
precipitation, boiling (as in
distillation), or analysis.

29. Forceps
Laboratory tweezers and
forceps are small tools useful
in a range of laboratory and
other working environments
for gripping and manipulating
small or delicate objects.

30. Clay Triangles A pipeclay triangle is a piece of

laboratory apparatus that is
used to support a crucible
being heated by a Bunsen
burner or other heat source. It
is made of wires strung in an
equilateral triangle on which
are strung hollow ceramic,
normally fire clay, tubes. The
triangle is usually supported
on a tripod or iron ring.
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Basic laboratory techniques are the foundational skills every student or researcher
needs to perform experiments safely and accurately.

1. Measurement and Volume Handling

• Using a Balance – Weighing solids accurately.

• Measuring Liquids – Using graduated cylinders, pipettes, and burettes.
• Preparing Solutions– Making correct concentrations (e.g., molar, percentage).

2. Transfer and Mixing

• Pipetting – Using micropipettes and pipette fillers for precise liquid transfer.
• Decanting– Pouring off liquid without disturbing solids.
• Stirring and Mixing– Using glass rods or magnetic stirrers.

3. Heating and Cooling

• Using a Bunsen Burner– Proper flame control for heating.

• Water Bath – Gentle heating for sensitive samples.
• Ice Bath– Cooling samples to prevent reactions or stabilize compounds.

4. Separation Techniques

• Filtration – Removing solids from liquids using filter paper or vacuum.

• Centrifugation– Spinning samples to separate components by density.
• Evaporation– Removing solvent to concentrate a solution.

5. Observation and Testing

• Microscopy Basics– Focusing and adjusting a microscope.

• pH Testing– Using pH paper or pH meter.
• Recording Data– Accurate note-taking in a lab notebook.

6. Safety Practices

• Wearing PPE– Lab coat, gloves, goggles.

• Labeling– Clearly labeling all reagents and samples.
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• Disposal – Proper chemical and biological waste management.

Basic Laboratory Safety rules that must be observed whenever working in a laboratory.

1. Before undertaking any work, determine the potential hazards and proper safety
procedures.
2. If an unidentified chemical is created in the laboratory, the substance should be
regarded as hazardous.
3. Do not dump toxic substances down drains. DO NOT dispose of chemical waste in
the sewage.
4. Work with dangerous chemicals in a properly functioning fume hood to limit exposure
risks.
5. Avoid working alone in a structure. If the laboratory processes are risky, you should
not operate alone in the lab.
6. Regularly inspect all equipment for signs of wear or degradation.
7. Equipment should be maintained according to the manufacturer's specifications, and
certification, maintenance, and repair records should be kept for the duration of the
equipment's useful life.
8. Designated and clearly identified garbage storage areas are required.
9. Cell phones and earphones are not permitted in the active portions of laboratories or
during experimental procedures.
10. Clothing made of synthetic fibers should not be worn when working with flammable
liquids or when a fire hazard is present, as these materials have a tendency to melt
and adhere to exposed skin. • Laboratory coats should not be stored in offices or
break rooms, as this spreads contamination to other areas.
11. Computers and instruments should have labels indicating whether gloves are
required or not. Inconsistent glove wear around keyboards and keypads is a potential
cause of contamination.
12. Avoid wearing jewelry in the laboratory, as it might pose numerous safety risks.
13. Know where laboratory safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire extinguishers are
located. The safety equipment may be located in the corridor adjacent to the
laboratory's door.
14. Post warning signs where there are unexpected hazards, hazardous materials,
hazardous equipment, or other special circumstances.
15. Only use equipment for its intended function.