5/27/23, 2:16 PM Matplotlib (Prudhvi Vardhan Notes) - Jupyter Notebook

Matplotlib: Visualization with Python

Matplotlib is a comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive

visualizations in Python. Matplotlib makes easy things easy and hard things possible.

In [1]: # import the library

​
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import [Link] as plt
import seaborn as sns
​
[Link]('default')

Types of Data
Numerical Data
Categorical Data

Certainly! Here's a shorter version of data:

Single column: Univariate Analysis (Analyzing a single variable)

Two columns: Bivariate Analysis (Analyzing the relationship between two variables)

Two or more columns: Multivariate Analysis (Analyzing multiple variables simultaneously)

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* 2D line Plot

A 2D line plot in matplotlib is a graphical representation of data points connected by straight

lines on a two-dimensional coordinate system. It is a basic type of plot used to visualize the
relationship between two continuous variables.

2D line PLot can be used on

Bivariate Analysis
categorical -> numerical and numerical -> numerical
Use case - Time series data

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In [2]: # plotting a simple function

​
price = [48000,54000,57000,49000,47000,45000]
year = [2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020]
​
[Link]( year, price )
[Link]()

In [3]: # from a pandas dataframe

​
batsman = pd.read_csv("[Link]")

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In [4]: batsman

Out[4]:
index RG Sharma V Kohli

0 2008 404 165

1 2009 362 246

2 2010 404 307

3 2011 372 557

4 2012 433 364

5 2013 538 639

6 2014 390 359

7 2015 482 505

8 2016 489 973

9 2017 333 308

In [5]: [Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'])

Out[5]: [<[Link].Line2D at 0x1ab0d70c790>]

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plotting multiple plots

In [6]: [Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'])

​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'])

Out[6]: [<[Link].Line2D at 0x1ab0df11b80>]

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In [7]: # labels title

​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'])
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'])
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli CARRER difference')
​
[Link]('season')
​
[Link]('Runs scored')

Out[7]: Text(0, 0.5, 'Runs scored')

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colors(hex)

In [8]: # colors(hex) # Hex codes

​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='#ADAA19') # Yellow
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],color='#FC00D6') # pink
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli CARRER difference')
[Link]('Season')
[Link]('Runs Scored')

Out[8]: Text(0, 0.5, 'Runs Scored')

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Dashed Lines

In [9]: ​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='#ADAA19',
linestyle = 'dashdot') # dashdot
​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],color='#FC00D6')
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli CARRER difference')
[Link]('Season')
[Link]('Runs Scored')

Out[9]: Text(0, 0.5, 'Runs Scored')

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dotted lines

In [10]: ​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='#ADAA19',
linestyle = 'dotted') # dotted
​

[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],color='#FC00D6',
linestyle ='dotted') # dotted
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli CARRER difference')
[Link]('Season')
[Link]('Runs Scored')

Out[10]: Text(0, 0.5, 'Runs Scored')

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line width

In [12]: ​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='#D9F10F'
,linestyle='solid',linewidth=3) # linewidth
​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],
color='#FC00D6',linestyle='dashdot',linewidth=2)
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli CARRER difference')
[Link]('Season')
[Link]('Runs Scored')

Out[12]: Text(0, 0.5, 'Runs Scored')

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marker(size)

In [16]: [Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='#D9F10F'

,linestyle='solid',linewidth=3,
marker='>' , markersize =10) # Marker + marker size
​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],
color='#FC00D6',linestyle='dashdot',
linewidth=2 ,marker='D') # Marker ...> D- Diamond
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli CARRER difference')
[Link]('Season')
[Link]('Runs Scored')

Out[16]: Text(0, 0.5, 'Runs Scored')

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Legend

In [17]: # legend -
​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],
color='#D9F10F',linestyle='solid',
linewidth=3,marker='D',markersize=10,label='Virat')
​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],
color='#FC00D6',linestyle='dashdot',
linewidth=2,marker='o',label='Rohit')
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')
[Link]('Season')
[Link]('Runs Scored')
​
[Link]() # loc = best

Out[17]: <[Link] at 0x1ab0ffa5ca0>

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In [18]: # legend -> location

​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],
color='#D9F10F',linestyle='solid',
linewidth=3,marker='D',markersize=10,label='Virat')
​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],
color='#FC00D6',linestyle='dashdot',linewidth=2,
marker='o',label='Rohit')
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')
[Link]('Season')
[Link]('Runs Scored')
​
[Link](loc='upper right')

Out[18]: <[Link] at 0x1ab0ff27910>

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limiting axes

In [19]: # Because of Outliers

​
price = [48000,54000,57000,49000,47000,45000,4500000]
year = [2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021]
​
[Link](year,price)
[Link](0,75000)
[Link](2017,2019)

Out[19]: (2017.0, 2019.0)

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grid

In [20]: [Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],

color='#D9F10F',linestyle='solid',
linewidth=3,marker='D',markersize=10)
​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],
color='#FC00D6',linestyle='dashdot',
linewidth=2,marker='o')
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')
[Link]('Season')
[Link]('Runs Scored')
​
[Link]()

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show

In [21]:
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='#D9F10F',linestyle='solid'
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],color='#FC00D6',linestyle='dash
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')
[Link]('Season')
[Link]('Runs Scored')
​
[Link]()
​
[Link]()

Scatter plot

A scatter plot in matplotlib is a type of plot used to visualize the relationship between two
continuous variables. It displays individual data points as markers on a two-dimensional
coordinate system, with one variable represented on the x-axis and the other variable
represented on the y-axis.

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Bivariate Analysis
numerical vs numerical
Use case - Finding correlation

In [22]: # [Link] simple function

x = [Link](-10,10,50)
x

Out[22]: array([-10. , -9.59183673, -9.18367347, -8.7755102 ,

-8.36734694, -7.95918367, -7.55102041, -7.14285714,
-6.73469388, -6.32653061, -5.91836735, -5.51020408,
-5.10204082, -4.69387755, -4.28571429, -3.87755102,
-3.46938776, -3.06122449, -2.65306122, -2.24489796,
-1.83673469, -1.42857143, -1.02040816, -0.6122449 ,
-0.20408163, 0.20408163, 0.6122449 , 1.02040816,
1.42857143, 1.83673469, 2.24489796, 2.65306122,
3.06122449, 3.46938776, 3.87755102, 4.28571429,
4.69387755, 5.10204082, 5.51020408, 5.91836735,
6.32653061, 6.73469388, 7.14285714, 7.55102041,
7.95918367, 8.36734694, 8.7755102 , 9.18367347,
9.59183673, 10. ])

In [23]: y = 10*x + 3 + [Link](0,300,50)

y

Out[23]: array([-74. , 64.08163265, 11.16326531, -68.75510204,

66.32653061, 151.40816327, -59.51020408, 198.57142857,
18.65306122, 170.73469388, 87.81632653, 45.89795918,
9.97959184, -12.93877551, 19.14285714, 135.2244898 ,
229.30612245, 144.3877551 , 130.46938776, 134.55102041,
260.63265306, 269.71428571, 291.79591837, 159.87755102,
162.95918367, 24.04081633, 242.12244898, 62.20408163,
101.28571429, 28.36734694, 168.44897959, 314.53061224,
225.6122449 , 215.69387755, 90.7755102 , 151.85714286,
53.93877551, 71.02040816, 330.10204082, 305.18367347,
136.26530612, 217.34693878, 165.42857143, 145.51020408,
127.59183673, 152.67346939, 214.75510204, 391.83673469,
138.91836735, 401. ])

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In [24]: [Link](x,y)

Out[24]: <[Link] at 0x1ab1039dd60>

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In [26]: # [Link] on pandas data

​
df = pd.read_csv("[Link]")
df = [Link](50)
df

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Out[26]:
batter runs avg strike_rate

0 V Kohli 6634 36.251366 125.977972

1 S Dhawan 6244 34.882682 122.840842

2 DA Warner 5883 41.429577 136.401577

3 RG Sharma 5881 30.314433 126.964594

4 SK Raina 5536 32.374269 132.535312

5 AB de Villiers 5181 39.853846 148.580442

6 CH Gayle 4997 39.658730 142.121729

7 MS Dhoni 4978 39.196850 130.931089

8 RV Uthappa 4954 27.522222 126.152279

9 KD Karthik 4377 26.852761 129.267572

10 G Gambhir 4217 31.007353 119.665153

11 AT Rayudu 4190 28.896552 124.148148

12 AM Rahane 4074 30.863636 117.575758

13 KL Rahul 3895 46.927711 132.799182

14 SR Watson 3880 30.793651 134.163209

15 MK Pandey 3657 29.731707 117.739858

16 SV Samson 3526 29.140496 132.407060

17 KA Pollard 3437 28.404959 140.457703

18 F du Plessis 3403 34.373737 127.167414

19 YK Pathan 3222 29.290909 138.046272

20 BB McCullum 2882 27.711538 126.848592

21 RR Pant 2851 34.768293 142.550000

22 PA Patel 2848 22.603175 116.625717

23 JC Buttler 2832 39.333333 144.859335

24 SS Iyer 2780 31.235955 121.132898

25 Q de Kock 2767 31.804598 130.951254

26 Yuvraj Singh 2754 24.810811 124.784776

27 V Sehwag 2728 27.555556 148.827059

28 SA Yadav 2644 29.707865 134.009123

29 M Vijay 2619 25.930693 118.614130

30 RA Jadeja 2502 26.617021 122.108346

31 SPD Smith 2495 34.652778 124.812406

32 SE Marsh 2489 39.507937 130.109775

33 DA Miller 2455 36.102941 133.569097

34 JH Kallis 2427 28.552941 105.936272

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batter runs avg strike_rate

35 WP Saha 2427 25.281250 124.397745

36 DR Smith 2385 28.392857 132.279534

37 MA Agarwal 2335 22.669903 129.506378

38 SR Tendulkar 2334 33.826087 114.187867

39 GJ Maxwell 2320 25.494505 147.676639

40 N Rana 2181 27.961538 130.053667

41 R Dravid 2174 28.233766 113.347237

42 KS Williamson 2105 36.293103 123.315759

43 AJ Finch 2092 24.904762 123.349057

44 AC Gilchrist 2069 27.223684 133.054662

45 AD Russell 2039 29.985294 168.234323

46 JP Duminy 2029 39.784314 120.773810

47 MEK Hussey 1977 38.764706 119.963592

48 HH Pandya 1972 29.878788 140.256046

49 Shubman Gill 1900 32.203390 122.186495

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In [27]: [Link](df['avg'],df['strike_rate'],color='red',marker='+')
[Link]('Avg and SR analysis of Top 50 Batsman')
[Link]('Average')
[Link]('SR')

Out[27]: Text(0, 0.5, 'SR')

Size

In [31]: ​
sns.load_dataset('tips')
​
tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')

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In [34]: [Link](tips['total_bill'], tips['tip'] , s = tips ['size']*20)

Out[34]: <[Link] at 0x1ab10783220>

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scatterplot using [Link]

In [38]: ​
[Link](tips['total_bill'],tips['tip']) # Faster Technique
​

Out[38]: [<[Link].Line2D at 0x1ab11c21100>]

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In [37]: [Link](tips['total_bill'],tips['tip'],'o')

Out[37]: [<[Link].Line2D at 0x1ab10aee880>]

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Bar chart

Bivariate Analysis
Numerical vs Categorical
Use case - Aggregate analysis of groups

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In [39]: # simple bar chart

children = [10,20,40,10,30]
colors = ['red','blue','green','yellow','pink']
​
[Link](colors,children,color='pink')

Out[39]: <BarContainer object of 5 artists>

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horizontal bar chart

In [41]:
[Link](colors,children,color='gold')

Out[41]: <BarContainer object of 5 artists>

In [45]: #Color and label

​
df= pd.read_csv("batsman_season_record.csv")
​
df

Out[45]:
batsman 2015 2016 2017

0 AB de Villiers 513 687 216

1 DA Warner 562 848 641

2 MS Dhoni 372 284 290

3 RG Sharma 482 489 333

4 V Kohli 505 973 308

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In [55]: [Link](df['batsman'] , df['2015'] , color ='#DAF7A6')

Out[55]: <BarContainer object of 5 artists>

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Mutiple bar plots

In [69]: [Link]([Link]([Link][0] )- 0.2 , df['2015'] , width = 0.2 )

[Link]([Link]([Link][0] ) , df['2016'] , width = 0.2)
[Link]([Link]([Link][0] )+ 0.2 , df['2017'] , width = 0.2)
​

Out[69]: <BarContainer object of 5 artists>

In [68]: [Link][0] # batsman

Out[68]: 5

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Colors

In [62]: [Link]([Link]([Link][0] )- 0.2 , df['2015'] , width = 0.2 ,color ='yello

[Link]([Link]([Link][0] ) , df['2016'] , width = 0.2,color ='red')
[Link]([Link]([Link][0] )+ 0.2 , df['2017'] , width = 0.2 , color ='blue
​
​
[Link]([Link]([Link][0]), df['batsman'])
​
[Link]()

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Overlapping problem

In [72]: children = [10,20,40,10,30]

colors = ['red red red red red red',
'blue blue blue blue',
'green green green green green',
'yellow yellow yellow yellow ',
'pink pinkpinkpink']
​
[Link](colors,children,color='black')
​
​
[Link]()

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In [73]: ### Solution

​
children = [10,20,40,10,30]
colors = ['red red red red red red',
'blue blue blue blue',
'green green green green green',
'yellow yellow yellow yellow ',
'pink pinkpinkpink']
​
[Link](colors,children,color='black')
​
[Link](rotation='vertical') # Use vertical
​
[Link]()

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Stacked bar chart

In [75]: [Link](df['batsman'],df['2017'],label='2017')
​
[Link](df['batsman'],df['2016'],bottom=df['2017'],label='2016')
​
[Link](df['batsman'],df['2015'],bottom=(df['2016'] + df['2017'])
,label='2015')
​
[Link]()
[Link]()

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Histogram

Univariate Analysis
Numerical col
Use case - Frequency Count

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In [77]: # simple data

​
data = [32,45,56,10,15,27,61]
​
[Link](data)

Out[77]: (array([2., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1., 0., 0., 2.]),
array([10. , 15.1, 20.2, 25.3, 30.4, 35.5, 40.6, 45.7, 50.8, 55.9, 61. ]),
<BarContainer object of 10 artists>)

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bins

In [78]: data = [32,45,56,10,15,27,61]

​
[Link](data, bins=[10,25,40,55,70])

Out[78]: (array([2., 2., 1., 2.]),

array([10, 25, 40, 55, 70]),
<BarContainer object of 4 artists>)

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In [80]: # on Data
​
df = pd.read_csv("[Link]")
​
df

Out[80]:
match_id batsman_runs

0 12 62

1 17 28

2 20 64

3 27 0

4 30 10

... ... ...

136 624 75

137 626 113

138 632 54

139 633 0

140 636 54

141 rows × 2 columns

In [85]: [Link](df['batsman_runs'])
[Link]()

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Logarithmic scale

In [91]: arr = [Link]("[Link]")

In [92]: [Link](arr) # problem

Out[92]: (array([ 12., 60., 109., 4039., 6003., 230., 410., 744., 291.,
51.]),
array([10. , 15.9, 21.8, 27.7, 33.6, 39.5, 45.4, 51.3, 57.2, 63.1, 69. ]),
<BarContainer object of 10 artists>)

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In [93]: # Solution
​
[Link](arr,bins=[10,20,30,40,50,60,70],log=True)
[Link]()

Pie Chart

Univariate/Bivariate Analysis
Categorical vs numerical

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In [94]: # simple data

​
data = [23,45,100,20,49]
subjects = ['eng','science','maths','sst','hindi']
[Link](data,labels=subjects)
​
[Link]()

In [95]: # On data
​
df =pd.read_csv("[Link]")
​
df

Out[95]:
batsman batsman_runs

0 AB de Villiers 31

1 CH Gayle 175

2 R Rampaul 0

3 SS Tiwary 2

4 TM Dilshan 33

5 V Kohli 11

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In [97]: [Link](df['batsman_runs'],labels=df['batsman'])
​
[Link]()

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Percentages

In [98]: #autopct = auto percentage

​
[Link](df['batsman_runs'],labels=df['batsman'],autopct='%0.1f%%')
[Link]()

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Colours

In [101]: [Link](df['batsman_runs'],labels=df['batsman'],
autopct='%0.1f%%',
colors=['blue','gold','green','orange','cyan','pink'])
​
​
[Link]()

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Explode shadow

In [107]: [Link](df['batsman_runs'],labels=df['batsman'],
autopct='%0.1f%%',
explode=[0.3,0,0,0,0,0.1],shadow=True)
​
​
[Link]()

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Changing Styles
In [108]: [Link]

Out[108]: ['Solarize_Light2',
'_classic_test_patch',
'bmh',
'classic',
'dark_background',
'fast',
'fivethirtyeight',
'ggplot',
'grayscale',
'seaborn',
'seaborn-bright',
'seaborn-colorblind',
'seaborn-dark',
'seaborn-dark-palette',
'seaborn-darkgrid',
'seaborn-deep',
'seaborn-muted',
'seaborn-notebook',
'seaborn-paper',
'seaborn-pastel',
'seaborn-poster',
'seaborn-talk',
'seaborn-ticks',
'seaborn-white',
'seaborn-whitegrid',
'tableau-colorblind10']

In [109]: # style
​
[Link]('Solarize_Light2')

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In [110]: # Example
​
[Link](arr,bins=[10,20,30,40,50,60,70],log=True)
[Link]()

In [111]: # Style 2
​
[Link]('_classic_test_patch')

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In [113]: [Link](df['batsman_runs'],labels=df['batsman'],
autopct='%0.1f%%',
explode=[0.3,0,0,0,0,0.1],shadow=True)
​
​
[Link]()

In [114]: # Style 3
​
[Link]('dark_background')

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In [115]: # Example
​
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='#D9F10F',linestyle='solid'
[Link](batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],color='#FC00D6',linestyle='dash
​
[Link]('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')
[Link]('Season')
[Link]('Runs Scored')
​
[Link]()
​
[Link]()

In [116]: # Style 4
​
[Link]('seaborn-darkgrid')

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In [117]: [Link](tips['total_bill'], tips['tip'] , s = tips ['size']*20)

Out[117]: <[Link] at 0x1ab19271b80>

In [120]: [Link](df['batsman_runs'],labels=df['batsman'],
autopct='%0.1f%%',
explode=[0.3,0,0,0,0,0.1],shadow=True)
​
​
[Link]()

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In [121]: # Style 5
​
[Link]('ggplot')

In [122]: # simple bar chart

children = [10,20,40,10,30]
colors = ['red','blue','green','yellow','pink']
​
[Link](colors,children,color='pink')

Out[122]: <BarContainer object of 5 artists>

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Save Figure

In [124]: # Dont apply [Link]() , when using the save

​
[Link](df['batsman_runs'],labels=df['batsman'],
autopct='%0.1f%%',
explode=[0.3,0,0,0,0,0.1],shadow=True)
​
[Link]('[Link]') # For saving

In [ ]: ​

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